经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治切除术的技术要点

目的 对经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的关键技术进行探讨。方法 采用四Trocar技术首先行腹腔镜监视下胆道造影后切除胆囊，然后用超声刀游离胆总管囊肿前壁，切开囊肿前壁后，横断囊肿，向近端游离至胆总管与肝总管的交界处，向远端游离至囊肿与胰管的汇合处，彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出距Treitz韧带20cm处空肠于腹壁外，行空肠空肠Roux-Y吻合，保留肝支30-35cm，然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后拉至肝门下。用5-0可吸收缝线将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果 本组8例患儿手术全部成功。手术时间平均为4.8h(3.6-6h)，出血量10-50ml，吻合口直径1.0-1.5cm，术后平均住院时间4.5d(3-8d)。术后随访1-6个月，未发现逆行感染，肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生。结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除，肝管空肠吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法。     

腹腔镜先天性胆总管囊肿切除术

目的 比较开腹和腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的效果.方法 回顾性分析1999年5月至2007年3月140例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.按不同手术方法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,均采用胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,比较两组疗效.结果 1999年5月至2001年2月开腹组收治患儿38例,2001年4月至2007年3月腹腔镜组收治患儿102例.平均手术时间:开腹组190 min,腹腔镜组224 min.开腹组术中、术后输血3例.腹腔镜组无术中、术后输血.开腹组术后并发症发生率为16%(6/38),明显高于腹腔镜组的5%(5/102),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.33,P<0.05).结论 对于先天性胆总管囊肿患儿采用腹腔镜行胆总管囊肿切除+肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗,手术打击小,术后恢复快.     

腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的改进

目的总结腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术经验。方法 2011年1月~2013年12月,采用腹腔镜技术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿69例,年龄2个月~14岁,平均3.5岁。三孔法12例,四孔法57例。利用右上腹trocar完成胆道造影,5 mm 30°腹腔镜下胆囊和胆总管囊肿壁全层切除;利用腹腔镜镜头探查扩张的肝内胆管;从脐部1.5 cm切口提出空肠,腹外行空肠吻合;还纳空肠肠管;经脐部切口提出横结肠,于横结肠系膜打孔上提空肠的肝支,还纳横结肠,镜下用4-0 Quill线将肝管与空肠端侧连续吻合。结果中转开腹5例,原因主要为1例肝总管无狭窄但过细,肝管分离,存在副肝管,4例囊肿巨大且囊肿炎症重尤其胰腺段过长。64例腹腔镜下完成手术,手术时间180~380 min,平均225 min,术中出血5~20 ml。术后出血2例,均经保守治疗痊愈。胆肠吻合口漏2例,经腹腔引流痊愈。2例术后2个月和6个月因系膜裂孔内疝导致肠梗阻,均急诊手术解除。其他58例腹腔镜术后恢复顺利,术后住院时间4~21 d,平均6.8 d。64例术后随访4~42个月,平均23.6月,肝功能正常,无结石和胰腺炎发生。结论腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术需要严格掌握适应证,术者需要有熟练的开放手术经验和腹腔镜操作技巧,稳定的手术团队是也确保手术成功的关键。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。     

先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症及处理

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症的治疗。 方法 回顾分析1999年1月至2008年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院普外科收治的48例先天性胆总管囊肿术后出现远期并发症的临床资料。 结果 先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症主要有胆管结石形成31例,反流性胆管炎25例,吻合口狭窄16例,囊肿癌变3例。手术治疗方式包括囊肿彻底切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术28例,胆肠吻合口切除、再吻合术7例,胆道探查取石术3例,胆道探查取石术并肝段切除术3例,囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术1例。经皮经肝胆道镜治疗吻合口狭窄和（或）胆管结石6例。 结论 先天性胆总管囊肿术后远期并发症的发生常与首次手术方式选择不当有关。治疗上以囊肿切除、去除病灶、解除梗阻、胆胰分流、通畅引流为目标,减少再手术后并发症。     

腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术

目的　本文探讨腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿手术的可行性及其疗效。　方法　腹腔镜直视下胆道造影 ,囊肿切除及肝胆管空肠吻合 ,同时探查肝管。肠肠吻合及防返流瓣将空肠提出于腹壁外进行。随访 1～ 6个月无近期并发症。　结果　五例均一次完成手术 ,一例因既往有手术史中转开腹。　结论　腹腔镜下可完成胆总管囊肿根治手术 ,且术后恢复快 ,近期疗效满意     

先天性胆总管囊肿并感染诊治体会

先天性胆总管囊肿并感染诊治体会宝鸡市中心医院外科（邮编：７２１００８）李德宁，徐西秦，苟百锁先天性胆总管囊肿并发感染并不多见，我院于１９７３～１９９０年间共收治１０例，现报告如下：临床资料性别和年龄：男３例，女７例，最大年龄２４岁，最小年龄４月。临床...     

完全腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜在先天性胆总管囊肿手术中的应用经验.方法:回顾性分析201 1年8月-2012年12月7例腹腔镜胆总管囊肿手术患者的临床资料.结果:5例患者在完全腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流,手术时间为310～400 min,术中出血50～100 mL,术后住院时间5～7 d,术后随访3～19个月,未出现术后并发症,无死亡病例.2例因胆总管囊肿炎症重,渗血较多中转开腹完成手术.结论:完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除和肝肠Roux-en-Y引流治疗先天性胆总囊肿是安全可行的,具有微创、术后恢复快等优点;熟练的腹腔镜技术,良好的团队配合是手术成功的关键.     

腹腔镜技术在治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿中的应用

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年2月期间收治的采用完全腹腔镜囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合手术治疗的7例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 所有手术顺利,无中转开腹.平均手术时间210 min,出血量80 ml.术后第1日患者离床活动,平均2.4d排气或排便.除1例术后有少量胆汁漏外,无严重术后并发症发生,均恢复顺利,平均住院时间8.1d.术后随访3～30个月,无腹痛、发热或黄疸等症状.结论 完全腹腔镜成人先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y术安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,值得推广.     

小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症防治经验

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2015年1月16年间我院经手术治疗的31例小儿先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料。囊肿类型：I型30例,IV型1例。手术方式：囊肿外引流1例;内引流2例;囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术28例。结果 31例均完成手术,无手术死亡。术后近期出现并发症6例,其中胆漏2例,胰漏1例,胸腔积液1例,切口裂开2例。获随访24例,时间3个月～7年,术后20例腹痛消失,B超、CT复查无囊肿复发、结石及癌变。1例囊肿外引流术后3个月再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术;2例囊肿内引流术后1～5年内腹痛症状未缓解,再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术,痊愈。1例IV型囊肿行肝外囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-Y术后7年胆管炎反复发作,吻合口狭窄并左肝管结石,再次行肝左外叶切除,胆肠吻合术。结论 重视围手术期治疗,掌握精细、规范的肝肠吻合技术,是预防小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的关键措施。     

Laparoscopic-assisted total cyst excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe the technical experience and outcome in laparoscopic-assisted total cyst excision of choledochal cyst with Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy.

Methods

Thirty-five patients with choledochal cyst were studied. Their age ranged from 3 months to 9 years (average age, 3.6 years). The choledochal cysts were cyst type in 33 cases and fusiform type in the other 2 cases. Four trocars were utilized with 3- to 5-mm instrumentation. Under laparoscopic guidance, the gallbladder and the dilated bile duct were excised completely. The Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy was performed extracorporeally by exteriorizing the jejunum through the extending umbilical incision (1.5 to 2 cm), and an end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out intracorporeally by the hand suture methods.

Results

Average duration of operation was 4.3 hours (range, 3.5 to 7.6 hours), intraoperative blood loss was 5 to 10 mL, and 8 of the 35 patients had associated hepatic ductal stenosis and underwent laparoscopic excision of the cyst and ductoplasty. In 1 of the 8 cases, bile leak was noticed from day 1 through 26 postoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in the other 34 patients with a hospital postoperative stay ranging from 3 to 6 days. There were no postoperative complications in the 3-month to 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic-assisted total cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy is feasible for the treatment of choledochal cyst in children.     

完全腹腔镜成人胆总管囊肿切除术10例分析

目的探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术的技术方法与优点。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年1月10例完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术患者的临床资料,所有患者均未行辅助体外肝肠吻合术。结果 10例患者均成功完成完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术。手术时间为210～300min,术后住院天数为3～7d,术后随访1～36个月,其中1例患者于术后发生吻合口狭窄,经开腹行胆肠吻合口拆除重建后,治愈出院,无死亡病例。结论完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除是安全可行的,值得进一步推广。     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影和胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性。方法:34例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行腹腔镜下胆道造影,胆囊和囊状胆管完全切除,经脐孔提出空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合和体内肝管空肠吻合手术。结果:胆道造影显示胆管囊状扩张24例,梭形扩张10例。33例腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间平均4.2h(3.5~6.5h);1例胰腺内胆总管远段囊肿中转开腹手术。4例合并肝管狭窄同时行胆管成形术。术后5~7d患者痊愈出院。31例获得随访,5~40个月未发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜下胆道造影简便实用,对指导镜下根治切除囊肿,避免损伤胆胰管连接部和处理肝内胆管狭窄有重要参考价值。     

Recommendations for preventing complications related to Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy performed during excision of choledochal cyst in children

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the outcome of a protocol the authors proposed for preventing Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy (RYHJ) related complications.Methods: In 1986 the authors adopted the following protocol for improving RYHJ to minimize risks for RY-related complications: (1) end-to-end anastomosis if possible; (2) if end-to-side anastomosis is unavoidable, the common hepatic duct should be anastomosed as close as possible to the closed end of the blind pouch (BP); (3) careful selection of the vascular supply to the RY jejunal limb; (4) length of the RY jejunal limb should not be predetermined, but individualized; (5) approximate the native jejunum to the RY limb. The authors reviewed 92 children who had surgery for CC (mean age at surgery, 4.1 years) at our institution between 1986 and 2002 to assess the effectiveness of their recommendations.Results: After the adoption of the authors’ recommendations for RYHJ, they have experienced no RYHJ-related complications after a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years (range, 4 months to 16 years).Conclusions: RYHJ in children is different from that in adults, because the RY limb or BP can grow and elongate as the child grows. The authors’ recommendations appear to have successfully prevented RY-related complications up to the time of this review, and they highly recommend their use.     

倒刺缝线在腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术中的应用

目的初步探讨单向倒刺缝线在完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年8月-2014年10月期间行完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术的10例病例资料。结果全组病例均成功完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间（194.5±20）min,160～225 min,胆管空肠吻合时间为（19.1±4.0）min,13～25 min,空肠空肠吻合时间为（17.5±2.0）min,12～21 min。术中出血（64.0±43.2）ml,10～150 ml,下床活动时间（1.6±0.7）d,排气时间（2.5±0.7）d,术后住院时间（7.0±1.7）d,5～10 d10围手术期无并发症发生。10例均获得随访。随访时间2～26个月,平均随访12.7月。1例患者术后出现反流性胆管炎,经抗感染等治疗后痊愈。结论单向倒刺缝线用于完全腹腔镜下胆肠吻合是安全、有效的。可吸收倒刺缝线的应用能够降低腹腔镜下缝合难度、缩短缝合时间及手术时间、缩短学习曲线,有利于本术式的广泛开展。     

Laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst, hepaticojejunostomy, and externally made Roux-en-Y anastomosis

The authors present a 3-month-old patient with a congenital choledochal cyst, which was asymptomatic until treatment. On laparoscopy, a type I choledochal cyst was confirmed and excised laparoscopically. A Roux-en-Y anastomosis was constructed after exteriorization of the small bowel via the infraumbilical trocar incision. A laparoscopic end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. The operation lasted 4½ hours, without intraoperative problems. Oral food intake was started on day 2 and well tolerated with bile stained stools. Symptoms of bowel obstruction occurred on day 8. On minilaparotomy, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis was found to be adherent to the mesenterium of the colon, leading to obstruction. After mobilizing the loop, the postoperative course was uneventful. We conclude that laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst and choledochojejunostomy was feasible in the youngest patient operated on so far. However, adhesive small bowel obstruction can also occur, as after conventional operation, when the bowel is exteriorized for Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.     

胆总管囊肿切除胆道重建术的术后近期并发症

目的探讨胆总管囊肿的手术并发症及其预防和治疗的措施.方法对10年中173例年龄27d至14岁患儿行胆总管囊肿切除胆道重建术后出现近期手术并发症的16例行回顾性研究,分析各种并发症的临床表现,预防和治疗方法,以及并发症与年龄和术式的关系.结果手术并发症发生率9.3%(16/173).16例并发症中包括胆瘘10例,腹壁伤口裂开3例,胰瘘、术后小肠套叠和肝功能衰竭各1例.1岁以下婴儿手术并发症发生率明显高于1岁以上儿童(χ2=15.78,P＜0.01).囊肿切除后空肠间置代胆道与肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合2种胆道重建术式的并发症发生率差异无显著性意义(χ2=0.07,P＞0.05).因并发症死亡者4例,包括胆瘘3例和术后肝功能衰竭1例,手术病死率2.3%(4/173).胆瘘死亡病例与未及时再手术有关,术后肝功能衰竭与术前黄疸和胆道感染不能控制有关.结论胆瘘、腹壁裂开和肝功能衰竭是胆总管囊肿切除、胆道重建术的主要并发症,1岁以下婴儿并发症发生率较高,尤应注意术前充分控制胆道感染、改善肝功能和提高手术操作技巧.胆瘘以早期手术修补为宜,应防止胆道的二重感染.筋膜层平面的减张缝合可有效地预防和治疗腹壁伤口裂开.     

Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in symptomatic neonates

Purpose

Choledochal cysts require surgical excision, preferably before the onset of cholangitis. Recently, it has become feasible to accomplish the excision laparoscopically in adults and older children. Yet, whether laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst can be performed safely in symptomatic neonates with choledochal cyst is unclear. We herewith reviewed our experience of laparoscopic excision of choledochal cysts in neonates.

Methods

We managed 9 neonates with choledochal cysts between April 2003 and February 2007. The choledochal cysts were excised laparoscopically. The Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was fashioned extracorporeally by exteriorizing the jejunum through the extended umbilical port site. End-to-side anastomosis between the common hepatic duct stump and Roux loop was carried out intracorporeally. The patients were followed up for an average of 26 months.

Results

The patients presented with jaundice, pale stool, and deranged liver function tests. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasonography postnatally. The median operation time was 3.6 hours. There was no operative complication and no conversion. The blood loss was minimal. The recovery was uneventful, and the median hospital stay was 6 days. The liver function tests normalized 3 to 16 weeks postoperatively. No complication was detected at the follow-up visits.

Conclusions

Our preliminary results show that laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in neonates is both feasible and safe. It curtails further complication of the cysts and reverses the derangement of liver function. In addition, the laparoscopic approach minimizes surgical trauma.