非均匀各向异性介质地震正演模拟新方法

文中提出了有助于模拟地下多尺度非均匀各向异性介质的地震正演模拟新方法——微观矢量微分方程加宏观标量微分方程（MIVMAS）。该方法以介质的等效参数为基础，运用微观矢量微分方程计算小尺度非均匀和（或）各向异性介质的等效参数，利用等效参数具有的宏观性，与表征大、中尺度的地质体参数一起构成复合地质模型。最后用宏观标量波动方程对复合地质模型进行地震正演计算。为检验MIVMAS方法的实用性，设计了一个与实际地质、地震条件类似的地质模型，该模型包含碳酸盐岩潜山顶面的复杂上覆层和潜山内幕的缝洞系统，用MIVMAS数值模拟获得了理想的效果，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

库车坳陷克深三维区现今地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,在建立力学模型的基础上,以井点现今地应力值为约束,进行了克深三维区现今地应力场的数值模拟,建立了地应力与储层构造裂缝参数的定量关系模型,并结合古今应力场对储层构造裂缝参数进行了定量预测.数值模拟结果表明:构造高部位、断层带是地应力的低值区和裂缝的发育区;随深度增加,现今地应力值逐渐增大,而储层裂缝发育程度逐渐降低;现今地应力场和储层裂缝参数的数值模拟结果与测井解释结果基本吻合,能够反映现今地应力场及储层裂缝分布规律.     

基于嵌入式多尺度裂缝模型的地质建模方法及应用

裂缝性油藏存在储集层发育孔、缝、洞多重介质，储层精细刻画难度大的问题。为准确描述裂缝性油藏储层发育的空间展布特征，利用测井、钻井资料和岩石物理测试数据建立关键井的嵌入式多尺度裂缝储层的地质和岩石物理模型，开展多重介质的连通传导率研究和嵌入式裂缝地质建模技术研究，并利用该模型对流花油田裂缝性储层进行数值模拟研究。研究结果表明：基于多尺度嵌入式裂缝模型的地质建模可以对构造、断层等大尺度裂缝和等效原理下的小尺度裂缝进行精细描述和数值模拟研究，单井动态指标拟合率达到90%以上；流花油田数值模拟研究表明，该油藏维持各井现有采液速度持续开发，大部分井不会发生严重水淹，风险较高的井主要位于工区的东北侧边缘断层附近。该研究可为同类油藏地质建模、数值模拟研究、开发方案的制订提供参考。     

复杂构造中地震波传播数值模拟

波动方程数值模拟是研究地震波传播特征的有效手段。从非均匀弹性各向同性介质中的波动方程出发, 研究发展了伪谱法数值模拟方法, 并给出了稳定性条件。用该方法对一个实际复杂构造模型进行模拟, 得到了较高精度的单炮记录, 且波场特征丰富, 表明本模拟方法是研究复杂地质构造中地震波传播特征的一种有效方法。     

多属性相干分析在预测储层裂缝发育带中的应用

储层裂缝的准确预测对油气田勘探开发具有重要意义。在遵循相干技术原理的基础上,利用相干系数、倾角和方位角等属性,综合地质和测井资料,预测了目标储层裂缝发育带的空间展布。利用模糊识别技术,在沿层相干切片上计算出裂缝密度和裂缝连通性,从而圈定有利储层的分布范围。实例研究表明,该方法可以利用获得的裂缝属性图件,对储层的宏观和微观裂缝发育带做出较好的预测,从而识别和评价潜在有利储层。     

构造裂缝对低孔低渗储层的影响作用研究——以东濮凹陷沙三段为例

裂缝在低孔低渗储层中所起的作用举足轻重。以东濮凹陷沙三段为例,综合利用野外测量、岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、古地磁定向等方法,对研究区裂缝的类型、发育特征、表征参数等进行了分析,并研究了裂缝与储层含油性、产能及物性的关系。结果表明：东濮凹陷沙三段裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝,宏观裂缝规模较大,微观裂缝发育密集;裂缝孔隙度可作为裂缝发育程度的综合定量评价参数,宏观裂缝平均孔隙度为0.048%,微观裂缝平均孔隙度为0.54%;裂缝既可以作为油气储集空间,又可作为油气运移通道,同时,还可以沿裂缝产生次生孔隙带,从而改善储层物性,提高储层含油概率及产能;宏观裂缝主要改善储层渗透率,起渗流作用,微观裂缝可增大储层储集空间,连通储层孔隙,宏观裂缝和微裂缝形成的一个连通立体的网络控制着油气的运移和富集。     

基于波动方程的AVO 模型数值模拟方法研究

常规的基于褶积的AVO 模型数值模拟存在子波参数（如子波类型、主频、延续度等）难以准确设 定的缺陷,该文从地震数值模拟的角度出发,提出了一种新的基于波动方程的AVO 模型数值模拟方法。 该方法首先基于测井声波和密度资料采用Zoeppritz 方程计算给定入射角度的反射系数（与常规方法相 一致）,然后将其外推为二维的水平层状的速度模型和反射系数模型,再采用频率-波数域相移方法进行 地震波场的数值模拟计算,最后抽取中间道作为该入射角的AVO 模拟记录。虽然该方法的计算量较大, 但其有效利用了波动方程数值模拟的优点,可以获得与野外实际观测结果基本一致的模拟记录,具有较 强的实际应用价值。     

裂缝性储层的地震响应特征——以川中地区致密砂岩储层为例

为了提取裂缝性储层在不同地震剖面上的地震响应特征,利用相干分析方法得到了裂缝性储层发育区的裂缝识别标志。首先用模型正演方法设计符合研究区地质实际的裂缝性储层地质模型,以此建立研究区主频条件下的地震模型,总结裂缝发育区常规剖面上的地震响应特征;而后对地震模型进行相干性分析,得到了相干剖面上裂缝发育区的识别标志,对比发现相干分析的识别标志和常规剖面的地震响应特征是相吻合的,而且特征更明显、响应更清晰;最后通过钻井证实该区域裂缝发育带的存在,有效证明了相干分析方法在识别、预测裂缝发育带上是可靠的、科学的。     

松辽盆地火山岩发育区数值模拟参数设计

 松辽盆地火山岩埋藏较深,构造复杂,地震资料信噪比偏低,且成像精度低,因此很难进行火山岩储层预测。为了提高火山岩预测精度,本文利用波动方程的数值模拟技术,对观测系统相关参数进行分析和论证。文中从排列长度、炮间距、观测方式、偏移孔径等参数的优化入手,设计出合理观测系统,并通过实际火山岩正演模型的数值模拟,清楚地识别出火山岩发育带,从而为实际火山岩分布区的波场特征研究提供了佐证。     

基于近似支持向量机的裂缝分类方法

对广泛存在于各类岩层中的裂缝带进行精细刻画与综合预测是裂缝型油气藏勘探的关键。为了避免多解性问题,学者们通常采用多属性对其进行综合预测,但如何有效地利用众多地震属性与裂缝带发育程度之间的非线性关系对裂缝带发育状况进行准确分类仍是一大难题。将近似支持向量机算法引入裂缝带的分类识别中,建立了3种刻画储层裂缝带的地震属性与井中裂缝发育信息之间的非线性模型,得出了反映裂缝带特征的最佳判别规则,利用该规则对多个属性进行综合判别,克服了单属性的多解性,提高了储层裂缝带的分类精度。实例应用表明,该算法削弱了依靠单一因素识别储层裂缝带的局限性,为储层内裂缝带发育状况的准确分类提供了新的研究思路。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.