哪些食物可以引起过敏

民以食为天，离开了食物人类就无法生存。但是，食物也可能引起过敏反应（变态反应）。因而食物过敏反应是一种与生活密切相关的事情，要引起人们的注意。那么，哪些食物可以引起过敏反应呢？     

儿童食物变态反应的发病机制及诊治进展

近年儿童食物变态反应(food allergy,FA)的发病率越来越高,逐渐引起儿科医师及患儿家长的重视.美国自1997年至2007年在小于18岁儿童中FA的发病率增幅达18％[1].近年中国儿童的FA发病率亦呈增高趋势.     

药物过敏的误区

据统计,全国每年有250万住院患者发生药物不良反应,其中20万人因此丧命。药物不良反应包括过敏反应、副作用等。我们常说的"药物过敏"是药物作用于机体后,机体对药物产生的一种免疫应答反应。常见的药物过敏反应包括皮疹、瘙痒、低烧、血管神经性水肿(表现为口唇、眼睑及外生殖器等部位肿胀,呼吸急促和窒息感)、哮喘、过敏性休克等,其中以各种皮疹及瘙痒最为常见,以过敏性休克及剥脱性皮炎最为严重。药物过敏反应大有逐渐增多的趋势,与人们对药物的过敏反应存在误区有密切关系。     

Immune Modulation by Vitamin D and Its Relevance to Food Allergy

Apart from its classical function in bone and calcium metabolism, vitamin D is also involved in immune regulation and has been linked to various cancers, immune disorders and allergic diseases. Within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the vitamin D receptor and enzymes in monocytes, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes mediate the immune modulatory actions of vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency early in life has been identified as one of the risk factors for food allergy. Several studies have observed an association between increasing latitude and food allergy prevalence, plausibly linked to lower ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Along with mounting epidemiological evidence of a link between vitamin D status and food allergy, mice and human studies have shed light on the modulatory properties of vitamin D on the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will summarize the literature on the metabolism and immune modulatory properties of vitamin D, with particular reference to food allergy.     

Epigenetics in Food Allergy and Immunomodulation

Food allergy (FA) is an increasing problem worldwide and, over recent years, its prevalence is rising in developed countries. Nowadays, the immunological and cellular processes that occur in the allergic reactions are not fully understood, which hampers the development of in vitro diagnostic tools and further treatment options. Moreover, allergic diseases could be reinforced by environmental exposure and genetic modifications. Gene expression can be controlled by different epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. In addition, several environmental factors such as dietary components (vitamin D, butyrate, folic acid) are able to regulate this epigenetic mechanism. All these factors produce modifications in immune genes that could alter the development and function of immune cells, and therefore the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, these epigenetic mechanisms have also an influence on immunomodulation, which could explain sustained responsiveness or unresponsiveness during immunotherapy due to epigenetic modifications in key genes that induce tolerance in several FA. Thus, in this review we focus on the different epigenetic mechanisms that occur in FA and on the influence of several dietary components in these gene modifications.     

食物过敏研究进展

人类对食物过敏的认识经历了一个漫长的过程,直到20世纪80年代末食物过敏仍被认为是食品安全领域的一个次要问题。近10-15年由于过敏性疾病发病率增加的事实和转基因技术的发展、转基因农作物商品化,人们开始重新评价食物过敏的问题,食物过敏对大众健康的影响才开始受到重视,成为全球     

Microbiome Therapeutics for Food Allergy

The prevalence of food allergies continues to rise, and with limited existing therapeutic options there is a growing need for new and innovative treatments. Food allergies are, in a large part, related to environmental influences on immune tolerance in early life, and represent a significant therapeutic challenge. An expanding body of evidence on molecular mechanisms in murine models and microbiome associations in humans have highlighted the critical role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of food allergies. As such, the gut microbiome is a rational target for novel strategies aimed at preventing and treating food allergies, and new methods of modifying the gastrointestinal microbiome to combat immune dysregulation represent promising avenues for translation to future clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the intersection between the gut microbiome and the development of food allergies, with particular focus on microbiome therapeutic strategies. These emerging microbiome approaches to food allergies are subject to continued investigation and include dietary interventions, pre- and probiotics, microbiota metabolism-based interventions, and targeted live biotherapeutics. This exciting frontier may reveal disease-modifying food allergy treatments, and deserves careful study through ongoing clinical trials.