松辽盆地南部青山口组一段油页岩生烃模拟及产物生物标志物变化特征

为了查明油页岩生排烃过程中产物的变化规律和影响因素,分析松辽盆地南部油页岩地下原位转化的实验条件,笔者选取东南隆起区油页岩样品进行高温高压热模拟实验,研究不同升温阶段液态烃和气态烃产率特征,并对液态烃产物饱和烃组分进行GC/MS分析,了解不同生物标志化合物随温度变化特征。结果表明,油页岩气态烃产率上升至500℃后稳定;液态烃产率呈单峰型变化,440℃时液态烃产率达到峰值68.9 mg/g;正构烷烃参数变化指示生烃优势温度为420℃,由C₂₉ββ/(αα+ββ)甾烷、C₂₉20S/(20S+20R)甾烷等成熟度参数的变化,将420℃划分为地区油页岩的生油门限;Ts/Tm、C₃₁αβ22S/(22S+22R)藿烷比值在未--低成熟阶段有指示意义,C₂₉ββ/(αα+ββ)甾烷、C₃₀βα莫烷/C₃₀αβ藿烷在成熟--过成熟阶段指示成熟度变化意义更强。     

羌塘盆地二叠系展金组烃源岩生物标记化合物特征及意义

本文对羌塘盆地二叠系展金组烃源岩的岩心样品进行了烃源岩基本特征及生物标志化合物特征研究,重点探讨了烃源岩生烃母质来源、沉积环境特征及成熟度特征。研究显示,展金组烃源岩富含正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物。其中,正构烷烃多为前高后低的单峰型,具有低碳数优势,n C_(15)、n C_(16)或n C_(17)为主峰碳;规则甾烷中C_(27)-C_(28)-C_(29)呈"V"字型分布,C_(27)占优势;萜烷具有三环萜烷五环三萜烷四环萜烷的相对丰度,三环萜烷/五环三萜烷值在1.1~1.96之间;生烃母质主要来源于海相低等水生生物。Pr/Ph分布范围在0.53~1.16,平均值为0.85,植烷优势较明显;五环三萜烷的Ts/(Tm+Ts)值表明烃源岩形成于还原环境。而伽马蜡烷的含量以及伽马蜡烷/αβ-C30藿烷比值,证明烃源岩沉积时水体盐度为正常盐度。甾烷的C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)和C29αββ/(αββ+ααα)、萜烷的C31αβ~(22)S/(22S+22R)、Ts/(Tm+Ts)值等反映烃源岩成熟度的参数显示,烃源岩处于成熟阶段。     

黔西纳雍地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系生物标志物的特征

以贵州纳雍地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩为研究对象,分析其中的生物标志化合物。结果表明：奇偶优势(OEP)均值为1.08,接近平衡值1.00,无明显奇偶优势,姥鲛烷与植烷比(Pr/Ph)均值小于1,具明显的植烷优势;萜烷丰度顺序为五环三萜烷>三环萜烷>四环萜烷,规则甾烷以C27略占优势,ΣC27/ΣC29的均值为1.41,大于1,显示有机质来源以浅海相菌藻类等低等水生生物为主;C32αβ22S/(22S+22R)平均值为0.59, Ts/(Ts+Tm)值为0.43,βα-莫烷/αβ-藿烷平均值为0.124,C29甾烷的20S/(20S+20R)平均值为0.39,C29甾烷αββ/(αββ+ααα)平均值为0.41,均表明纳雍地区黑色岩系中的有机质均接近或达到成熟阶段。根据这些特征可以推断,该区域早寒武世牛蹄塘组黑色岩系形成于浅海还原环境,有机质热演化程度较高,其母质主要来源于细菌、藻类等低等水生物。     

新疆喀什凹陷乌拉根铅锌矿床有机质特征及其地质意义

乌拉根铅锌矿床位于新疆喀什凹陷北部,矿区及外围发育大量有机物质,有机质与铅锌成矿的关系备受关注。文中采用有机质抽提、族组分分离、定量及饱和烃色谱-质谱等实验分析方法对铅锌矿区有机物质及外围油砂中氯仿沥青"A"和生物标志物进行分析,研究铅锌矿区及外围有机质特征及其地质意义,并对有机质与铅锌矿化的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,近矿围岩和外围油砂中氯仿沥青"A"族组成及其饱和烃的主要生物标志物特征均较相似,CPI=1.11～1.17,Pr/Ph=0.68～1.08,C27、C28、C29规则甾烷具有C27>C28相似文献   

黔北地区下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩生物标志物

应用气相色谱和色谱-质谱分析技术,对黔北地区下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩的甾烷和萜烷进行测试分析。结果表明,正构烷烃为后单峰型,主峰碳为C22～C30,Pr/Ph值为0.48～0.64,Pr/nC17为1.35～4.22,Ph/nC18为0.92～0.97。甾烷中,具孕烷系列的异常高值,C27、C28和C29呈规则甾烷"V"字型分布(C27C28C29),具明显的C27优势,甾烷/藿烷比值为0.57～0.71。萜烷类中具三环萜烷高值,低升藿烷,高伽马蜡烷指数特征。成熟度方面,OPE1,Ts/(Ts+Tm)分布在0.42～0.48之间,C3122S/(S+R)值为0.6～0.66,C29ββ/(ββ+αα)在0.56～0.58之间,反映出龙马溪期具明显的水体分层和高还原环境。有机质主要来源于浮游水生生物和藻类,并经历了一定的生物降解过程。烃源岩的热演化已进入高成熟-过成熟阶段。     

重庆城口地区下寒武统黑色岩系有机地球化学特征及成因意义

研究采用索氏抽提、饱和烃色谱-质谱分析及干酪根碳同位素等分析方法,针对重庆城口地区下寒武统黑色岩系有机地球化学特征,页岩气的有机质生源构成、成熟度、沉积环境等进行分析。结果表明所有样品中氯仿沥青"A"含量均较低,正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、甾萜类化合物含量丰富。GC-MS图中,正构烷烃显示明显的双峰型优势,碳数分布范围为C14~C31,双峰型前后主峰分别为nC18和nC23,单峰型主峰为nC16或nC18,OEP值为1.05~1.19,接近平衡值1.0,无明显奇偶优势,(nC21+nC22)/(nC28+nC29)比值大于1.5,nC17/nC31值为0.24~2.96,均值1.35,显示轻烃组分占绝对优势。干酪根δ13 CPDB值为-31.4‰~-34.7‰,变化较小,为腐泥型干酪根。萜类化合物中,五环三萜类化合物三环萜烷四环萜烷,可见少量伽马蜡烷和奥利烷。三环萜烷中C21,C23,C24和规则甾烷C27,C28,C29分别呈倒"V"字形和"V"字型分布,含量相差不大,推断有机质母质主要为菌藻类等低等水生物和海洋浮游生物。藿烷中C31αβ22S/(22S+22R)值为0.57~0.61,Ts/(Tm+Ts)值为0.43~0.50,βα-莫烷/αβ-藿烷比值0.12或0.11,Tm/Ts比值为1.0~1.35大于生油门限下限,甾烷中C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)值为0.41~0.46,C2920Rαββ/(ααα+αββ)值为0.40~0.46,反映有机质已达成熟~过成熟阶段。Pr/Ph值除个别大于1外皆为0.45~0.91,C27重排甾烷/C27规则甾烷值0.08~0.43,γ-蜡烷指数绝大部分都小于0.2,处于0.12~0.19之间,孕甾烷/C29-20R规则甾烷值为0.18~0.61,皆反映缺氧还原环境且沉积水体盐度不高,与前期元素地球化学研究结果所反映的缺氧环境一致。     

生物标志物在探讨烃源岩及原油成熟度研究中的应用

烃源岩和原油中广泛分布的生物标志物因其"继承性"和"变异性"特征,可较好地指导石油勘探及相关工作,多年来已在油气地球化学中得到了广泛应用。尤其是在烃源岩及原油成熟度探讨方面,生物标志物有着独特的优势,一方面可以弥补镜质组颗粒细小无法准确反应成熟度的缺陷;另一方面,当烃源岩及原油遭受一定程度的生物降解时,生物标志物依然可以给出很好的结果。简要概述甾烷C_(29)ααα20S/(20S+20R)和C_(29)αββ/(ααα+αββ)、Ts/Tm、αβ藿烷/βα莫烷及藿烷C_(31)αβ22S/(22S+22R)等常见生物标志物指标及其在烃源岩及原油成熟度方面的应用,同时也指出了应用过程中一些需要注意的问题,如:生物降解、岩性的影响等。     

南黄海盆地崂山隆起中南部海底沉积物饱和烃类地球化学特征与热成因烃类输入

通过有机地球化学方法研究南黄海崂山隆起中南部海底表层沉积物的饱和烃地球化学特征,分析其与深部油气的关系。南黄海盆地崂山隆起中南部25个站位海底沉积物的正构烷烃色谱图呈前峰型和后峰型2种类型分布,其中一些站位海底沉积物的正构烷烃色谱图存在明显的难溶复杂化合物“UCM”鼓包,指示这些站位的海底沉积物可能有热成因烃类输入并受到生物降解。海底沉积物藿烷系列在m/z191质量色谱图上呈现地质构型、生物构型及混合构型,其中地质构型为主的站位海底沉积物Ts/Tm和C₃₁升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)指示有机质成熟度高,表征有外来高成熟度热成因烃类的输入。一些站位的20S/(20S+20R)-C₂₉甾烷与αββ/(ααα+αββ)-C₂₉甾烷参数反映海底沉积物中有机质的成熟度达到成熟,明显偏离了现代沉积物未熟—低熟的特征,也表明有外来成熟热成因烃输入。南黄海崂山隆起中南部海底沉积物有机质主要有3种来源,包括陆源有机质、海洋内源有机质和热成因烃类输入有机质。深部油藏沿边界断裂和地层之间不整合面向海底表面渗漏是海底沉积物热成因烃类输入的主...     

有机地球化学指标的分析

有机地球化学的指标经过近几十年的研究,已能较好地指导油气勘探工作。通过对未熟—低熟烃源岩及原油与成熟烃源岩及原油的有机地球化学指标的比较,着重论述了未熟—低熟油、源中可用的指标系列及内涵,指出成熟度方面甾烷C2920Rββ/(αα ββ)、αααC2920S/(20S 20R)及βα-莫烷/αβ-藿烷和ββ-藿烷等是比较可靠的地球化学参数;在生源方面非环状类异戊二烯化合物、三环萜烷和四环萜烷系列等是可靠的标志物;形成环境方面β-胡萝卜烷及重排甾烷/规则甾烷等都是重要的指标。     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义

通过地球化学分析测试技术对准噶尔盆地南缘芦草沟组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行研究,探讨其有机质的母质来源、沉积环境、有机质演化程度等方面的信息。芦草沟组烃源岩正构烷烃的轻碳优势和甾烷的C_(27-29)含量关系等参数表明,母质来源主要为藻类等低等水生生物。平均1.0左右的烃源岩Pr/Ph值表明,弱氧化-弱还原的沉积环境,平均值为0.15的伽马蜡烷指数及较高含量的孕甾烷和升孕甾烷表明,沉积环境盐度较高,该沉积环境有利于有机质的富集。对甾烷的C_(29)20S(20S+20R)和C_(29)αββ/(αββ+ααα)值和C_(31)藿烷αβ22S/(22S+22R)值等成熟度参数进行分析表明,研究区烃源岩处于低成熟-成熟阶段。烃源岩有机质中四环萜烷的出现及较小的规则甾烷/17α(H)-藿烷比值等参数表明,烃源岩成岩早期有机质受到一定程度的生物降解作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with