跟踪误差补偿下星地光通信地面模拟实验分析

为了分析跟瞄误差对星地光通信链路的影响,采用LabVIEW对接收光信号进行了采集,通过理论分析和实验验证,取得了不同动态误差补偿下接收光终端的信号时域特征。结果表明,出射功率为23dBm、跟瞄误差为10μrad情况下,通信系统可以稳定工作;当跟瞄误差为80μrad或伺服系统出现震荡时,通信系统性能急剧下降。     

自由空间光通信精跟踪系统设计及其通信实验

为了解决自由空间光通信对APT系统的高精度高带宽要求,设计研制了一种精跟踪系统。该系统以高帧频CMOS相机为探测机构,以音圈电机驱动的FSM(Fast Steering Mirror)为执行机构,由PC机进行控制和运算。在一维模拟运动平台中进行带粗跟踪的距离为2 km的激光通信实验时运用该系统,当模拟运动平台以不同角速度转动时,粗跟踪会有不同的跟踪残差,该残差以及大气湍流及平台振动引起的光斑抖动均由精跟踪系统来补偿。记录并分析了精跟踪补偿后的相机端光斑质心的变化以及光路中光功率的变化数据,得出结果:精跟踪残差受粗跟踪系统的影响,随模拟运动角速度的增大而增加,在1.2(°)/s时粗精跟踪系统联合能将光斑偏移量的标准差稳定在6μrad以内。     

小型机载激光通信系统设计与验证

针对空空宽带高速通信的需求，设计了小型化机载激光通信系统。仿真分析了300 km、2.5 Gb/s无线激光链路性能，并通过运动仿真台模拟机动环境测试了系统的跟踪与通信性能，其中粗跟踪误差为533.2 μrad(1σ)，精跟踪误差为3.6 μrad(1σ)，测试数据传输240 s，通信误码率为2.82×10-9。仿真与实验验证了该系统用于远距离空空无线激光通信的可行性。     

摆镜式激光通信终端光束指向与粗跟踪特性

基于两正交旋转轴的单平面镜（摆镜式）激光通信终端的粗跟踪问题,提出了一种求解光束指向的法矢量求解算法,给出了该类型通信终端的粗跟踪算法。采用矢量反射定律和矩阵旋转变换规律,理论推导了摆镜的光束指向模型和跟踪模型,对比分析了不同安装方式对光束指向和畸变的影响,并对模型分别进行了建模仿真和实验研究。结果表明:光束传输模型和粗跟踪模型的精度优于3 μrad,所研制的摆镜式激光终端粗跟踪精度,最大误差优于15.5 μrad (3σ),均方根误差优于10.5 μrad,满足激光通信终端对高精度粗跟踪的技术要求。该研究工作对摆镜式扫描系统的光束指向分析和激光终端粗跟踪具有借鉴意义。     

空间激光通信中复合跟踪技术研究

空间激光通信前提是信标光束的精确对准,因此复合轴的跟踪技术是关键,粗精复合的耦合性问题成为研究重点。设计了一套基于单探测器复合轴的跟踪系统,对其原理及关键技术进行阐述,采用粗跟踪配合补偿精跟踪偏转量的方法,解决了耦合性问题,并完成伺服控制系统设计。搭建实验系统对跟踪性能及指标进行验证,实验结果表明,在±0.25°@0.1Hz扰动下系统跟踪误差控制在1个像素之内,跟踪误差均方根为0.13,结合实际条件知,系统像元角分辨率22μrad,故系统整体跟踪精度优于3μrad,可实现对信标光的精确跟踪,满足空间激光通信的应用需求。     

空间激光通信单探测器复合跟踪控制技术研究

空间激光通信终端伺服系统是一种高精度的跟踪机构,在扰动条件下,通信系统对跟踪系统的稳定性及精度提出了较高的要求。本文主要介绍了激光通信伺服系统的复合跟踪技术,详细论述了单探测器复合跟踪方式的选择以及激光通信伺服系统的控制流程。最后,在振动平台上进行了粗精复合的激光跟踪实验。实验结果显示,当通信终端系统跟踪最大振动加速度为0.22°/s2的振动平台时,跟踪目标平稳性较好,单独采用粗跟踪时误差为60 μrad,采用粗精复合跟踪时位置误差可以达到2 μrad。实验结果表明,空间激光通信系统中单探测器复合跟踪技术的设计满足了系统跟踪精度的要求,为激光通信控制系统的设计提供了一定的参考。     

远场16km精跟踪系统实验研究

基于FPGA的精跟踪系统结构和工作原理,跟踪控制采用自适应模糊PID算法,在线实时动态调整PID参数值,在16km的星地光通信的精跟踪系统演示实验中实现了对通信光束功率(1550nm)的稳定,极大地提高了通信中1550nm光功率耦合效率,通过实验数据分析,精跟踪系统的跟踪精度达到了2.4μrad。     

高灵敏度光束位置信号提取的激光通信跟瞄一体化（特邀）

提出一种基于四象限探测器跟瞄和通信复用的强度调制直接探测的空间光通信系统,以超声波电机驱动的双光楔为光束偏转执行单元形成光束位置跟踪的闭环系统。驱动电机转动周期为15 ms,位置分辨率为0.83μrad。经理论分析和实验验证,该系统的位置闭环跟踪-3 dB带宽约为4 Hz。当位置探测误差小于10%时,即光束探测精度小于12μrad,对应的探测灵敏度为-45.2 dBm。在10 Mbit/s的通信速率和无信号编码下,误码率为1×10^-3时对应的通信灵敏度为-44 dBm。验证了利用四象限探测器作为跟踪与通信复用探测器的可行性,可应用于小型化、轻量化的星间激光通信终端。     

卫星激光通信复合轴光跟瞄技术及发展

卫星激光通信具有巨大的潜在应用价值,国际上已实现高码率、小型化、轻量化和低功耗激光通信终端,其中光学跟瞄系统的设计和控制是关键技术之一。由粗跟踪系统和精跟踪系统组成的复合轴系统能实现光跟瞄系统的大范围、高精度跟踪任务。对卫星激光通信光学跟瞄系统的特点和关键技术进行了讨论,介绍了光跟瞄技术中的扫描、捕获、指向、跟踪过程,综述了复合轴光跟瞄控制系统的国外研究进展。最后对卫星激光通信复合轴光跟瞄系统的应用前景进行了展望。     

一种自由空间光通信光路的设计与分析

提出了一种用于自由空间光通信的光学系统的设计方法,在这种设计方法中通过卡塞格伦天线实现对激光束的准直,通过偏振分光镜和γ/2波片的巧妙使用来减少杂散光和反射光对信号光的干扰,通过对光学系统的自动跟踪控制消除了通信终端的失准问题。分析和实验表明,基于该光学系统的通信终端激光发散角达到0.4 mrad,对准误差小于6μrad,可实现2 km的自由空间光通信。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks