共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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目的介绍几种常用纳米材料在食品包装中的应用,总结食品包装中纳米材料的检测技术及表征方法,并对其安全性进行评估。方法介绍纳米银、纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化硅、纳米黏土、纳米分子筛以及其他纳米复合材料在食品包装中的应用,列举食品包装中纳米材料的表征手段,如成像显示技术、色谱质谱技术和光谱分析技术等,并对食品包装中纳米材料的迁移风险和毒理学问题进行探讨。结论纳米材料的存在能有效改善食品包装材料在保鲜效果、抗菌能力以及阻隔性能方面的特性,具有广阔的市场应用前景。此外,食品包装材料的安全性不容忽视,还应加强对食品接触用纳米材料的风险评估体系的研究。 相似文献
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利用二甘醇作溶剂和还原剂水解还原三氯化铁,合成水溶性的葡聚糖包被磁性纳米材料(MNPs),选择大鼠的肝脏细胞BRL3A、肾脏细胞NRK、星型角质细胞和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),运用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞凋亡和苏木素伊红(HE)染色细胞形态学观察进行细胞毒性研究.结果发现,MNPs共培养浓度达到64μg/ml时,PBMC出现明显凋亡(p<0.01),而其它几种细胞在MNPs共培养浓度达到128μg/ml时,仍未出现明显凋亡(p>0.05).电镜观察发现BRL3A、NRK和星型角质细胞均出现内吞该纳米颗粒,而未观察到PBMC的吞噬现象.结果提示,葡聚糖包被的MNPs的细胞毒性具有细胞特异性,实质性脏器细胞毒性较小,可能与其存在内吞MNPs能力有关,提示葡聚糖包被的MNPs可以运用于机体实质脏器核磁造影剂和药物载体. 相似文献
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纳米材料对生物体及环境的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文综述了纳米材料的生物和环境效应,对TiO2,C60和Fe粉等的最新研究报告作了分析比较,并对纳米粒子的量子点效应及影响进行了阐述.从纳米粒子的尺寸效应,表面效应等性质提出其可能对细胞的影响,包括破坏细胞膜结构,表面载体蛋白,受体等的破坏,及细胞的生长和代谢等方面的作用机理作了探讨.而纳米粒子的环境效应主要是其存在形式、降解过程和空气中的粉尘对人体的危害.提出制定纳米材料安全性评价和绿色化生产的相关标准建议,为纳米材料的可持续发展研究提供参考. 相似文献
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世界各国对纳米材料给予极大关注。它所具有的独特物理和化学性质,使人们意识到它的发展可能给物理、化学、材料、生物、医药等学科的研究带来新的机遇。近年来,它在建筑材料领域也得到了一定的应用,并显示出独特魅力。但是,这种被普遍看好的新型纳米材料对人体及环境的影响还不为人知,进而引发了一系列的思考。因此,各国的科学家都呼吁在纳米材料被更广泛地应用之前,应该通过进一步的实验对其风险收益比进行评估。本文就纳米材料在建筑业中的应用和安全性问题进行简要阐述,希望能够对我国的相关工作有所裨益。 相似文献
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Gold Nanomaterials in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses,Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment 下载免费PDF全文
Mingjing Cao Jiayang Li Jinglong Tang Chunying Chen Yuliang Zhao 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(39):5488-5496
Establishment of analytical methods of engineered nanomaterials in consumer products for their human and environmental risk assessment becomes urgent for both academic and industrial needs. Owing to the difficulties and challenges around nanomaterials in complex media, proper chemical separation and biological assays of nanomaterials from nanoproducts needs to be firstly developed. Herein, a facile and rapid method to separate and analyze gold nanomaterials in cosmetics is reported. Gold nanomaterials are successfully separated from different facial or eye creams and their physiochemical properties are analyzed by quantitative and qualitative state‐of‐the art techniques with high sensitivity or high spatial resolution. In turn, a protocol including quantification of gold by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thorough characterization of morphology, size distribution, and surface property by electron microscopes, atomic force microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope is developed. Subsequently, the preliminary toxicity assessment indicates that gold nanomaterials in cosmetic creams have no observable toxicity to human keratinocytes even after 24 h exposure up to a concentration of 200 μg mL?1. The environmental scanning electron microscope reveals that gold nanomaterials are mostly attached on the cell membrane. Thus, the present study provides a full analysis protocol for toxicity assessment of gold nanomaterials in consumer products (cosmetic creams). 相似文献
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Development and Characterization of a 96-Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials
Yvonne Kohl Michelle Müller Marielle Fink Marc Mamier Siegfried Fürtauer Roland Drexel Christine Herrmann Stephan Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer Ramona Hornberger Marius I. Arz Christoph Metzger Sylvia Wagner Sven Sängerlaub Heiko Briesen Florian Meier Tobias Krebs 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(23):2207207
In this study, a 96-well exposure system for safety assessment of nanomaterials is developed and characterized using an air–liquid interface lung epithelial model. This system is designed for sequential nebulization. Distribution studies verify the reproducible distribution over all 96 wells, with lower insert-to-insert variability compared to non-sequential application. With a first set of chemicals (TritonX), drugs (Bortezomib), and nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and (non-)fluorescent crystalline nanocellulose), sequential exposure studies are performed with human lung epithelial cells followed by quantification of the deposited mass and of cell viability. The developed exposure system offers for the first time the possibility of exposing an air–liquid interface model in a 96-well format, resulting in high-throughput rates, combined with the feature for sequential dosing. This exposure system allows the possibility of creating dose-response curves resulting in the generation of more reliable cell-based assay data for many types of applications, such as safety analysis. In addition to chemicals and drugs, nanomaterials with spherical shapes, but also morphologically more complex nanostructures can be exposed sequentially with high efficiency. This allows new perspectives on in vivo-like and animal-free approaches for chemical and pharmaceutical safety assessment, in line with the 3R principle of replacing and reducing animal experiments. 相似文献
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The widespread nanomaterial use in commercial products has fed significant concern over environmental health and safety ramifications. Initially, little was known as to how these highly reactive particulates interacted with biological systems. Nanomaterials have introduced complexities not normally considered in traditional safety assessments of chemicals and therefore have generated uncertainty in the reliability of standard tests of safety. Advances in understanding the potential impacts of nanomaterials have occurred since their introduction, particularly for those used in the greatest quantities in commerce. The impact of characteristics such as charge, size, surface functionalization, chemical composition, and certain transformations on the potential effect of nanomaterials in the environment continue to move the field forward. However, generalizations of risk based on any one factor across nanomaterials is not possible. Estimating risk also remains difficult due to the introduction of materials that are new and more complex, minimal information on the specific molecular interactions of nanomaterials and organisms, and the need for more tools for measuring the dynamics of nanomaterial state and fate in complex matrices. Finally, exposure estimates are difficult due to difficulty of environmental monitoring which may be exacerbated by lack of information on nanomaterials in products and new uses in the marketplace. 相似文献
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纳米材料及其应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纳米材料在机械、电子、化工、医药、纺织和军工等方面具有广泛的应用潜力。文章简述了纳米材料的种类、特性以及应用研究进展,并就该研究领域的发展方向提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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纳米材料模板合成技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
如何得到纳米材料是目前纳米科学的研究热点,综述了纳米材料的多种模板合成研究方法,分析了各种制备方法的特点并对各种模板合成方法进行了分类比较,举例说明了各种模板在纳米合成方面的应用,并对未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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微乳化技术在无机纳米材料制备中的应用及发展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文介绍了微乳液的概念,微乳反应器的原理以及微乳液各组分对于化学反应的影响因素,阐述了微乳化技术在纳米材料制备领域中的应用状况.探讨了目前该领域的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望. 相似文献