农业文化遗产思维下的广西龙胜传统村落梯田景观保护与活化研究 #

广西龙胜梯田始建于宋代,距今已有 800 多年历史为中国重要的农业文化遗产,且梯田的地形地貌特征已融入当地居民的生产生活方式与当地农业生产生活高度的融合。广西龙胜梯田除龙脊核心区域外的其他村落,因地处相对偏僻、梯田面积相对较小,空间分布相对分散等原因而被遗落在前一阶段的乡村振兴建设中未能对其农业遗产价值进行充分评估和保护利用,村落农业文化景观未被充分激活,现处于相对贫困状态。本文以上述村落样本——广西龙胜洋湾村为研究对象,探讨在农业文化遗产思维下,广西龙胜梯田非核心区域的民族传统村落梯田景观的保护与活化,探寻村落在乡村振兴建设背景下保护与活化发展之路径。     

农业文化遗产思维下的广西龙胜传统村落梯田景观保护与活化研究

广西龙胜梯田始建于宋代，距今已有800多年历史为中国重要的农业文化遗产，且梯田的地形地貌特征已融入当地居民的生产生活方式与当地农业生产生活高度的融合。广西龙胜梯田除龙脊核心区域外的其他村落，因地处相对偏僻、梯田面积相对较小，空间分布相对分散等原因而被遗落在前一阶段的乡村振兴建设中未能对其农业遗产价值进行充分评估和保护利用，村落农业文化景观未被充分激活，现处于相对贫困状态。本文以上述村落样本——广西龙胜洋湾村为研究对象，探讨在农业文化遗产思维下，广西龙胜梯田非核心区域的民族传统村落梯田景观的保护与活化，探寻村落在乡村振兴建设背景下保护与活化发展之路径。     

流域视野下梯田聚落的人居环境空间特征——以元江流域为例

针对村落人居环境研究过于注重村落本体的现状,以GIS的技术方法结合实地调研,选取梯田聚落所处的元江流域及典型样本大瓦遮河子流域为研究范围,探讨流域视野下人居环境空间的宏观与微观特征。结论如下:1)哀牢山区的崎岖山脉与密集水系造就了元江流域的格局,以水平、垂直特征奠定子流域尺度中梯田聚落的人居环境基础;2)大瓦遮河子流域的人居环境以"典型山地本底、帚状水系关联"为共性,在中低山区形成"面状森林核心、村落散布周边、旱地梯田混合"的彝族聚落区,在中山区形成"面状梯田核心、村落环绕周边、带状森林围合"的哈尼族聚落区,二者差异源自不同民族适应垂直分异效应的差异化农作策略;3)流域是人居环境研究的基本单元,超越村落本体之外的流域视野对复杂地理环境中的人居环境研究具有重要价值与普遍意义。     

旅游视角下的乡村景观特征及规划思考—以云南元阳阿者科村为例

乡村景观是自然与人类的共同作品,是典型的文化景观,而旅游业的迅速发展已经对乡村景观产生了重要影响。本文以云南省元阳县阿者科村为例,深入分析了哈尼梯田、传统村落和乡土文化景观的特征价值及其在旅游发展中面临的问题,围绕"哈尼梯田遗产价值的保护及展现"、"传统民居的活态保护及价值更新"、"哈尼传统文化价值的保护和传承"这3个关键问题进行了规划思考。提出要从旅游的视角科学地认识并尊重乡村景观的价值,自然性、真实性、完整性、地域性和体验性是乡村景观的核心特征,不仅构成了乡村旅游的重要吸引力,更是进行乡村景观保护和规划的前提和依据。     

元阳哈尼族梯田生态村寨研究

哈尼族农业生态梯田实现了资源的可持续利用，是变自然生态为农业生态的完美范例，文章分析了哈尼族梯田生态村寨的地方风貌和民族特征，提出村寨的建设应放在整个梯田生态体系中运作，在不破坏少数民族村落景观的前提下，对建筑设施进行改造，达到资源的可持续利用与保护。     

徽州传统村落文化景观特征探究与保护——以徽州区唐模村为例

徽州传统村落是全人类珍贵的文化遗产,探究徽州传统村落文化景观特征对徽州传统村落的保护及发展具有重要意义。该文以黄山市徽州区潜口镇唐模村为研究对象,以物质景观特征和非物质景观特征为分类标准对其景观要素进行分类,对其景观特征进行了系统的阐述,结合实地考察和调研,对其构成要素进行了分析,并针对所发现问题提出了相应的对策和途径,以期为同类型传统村落景观的保护及活化提供思路与方法。     

村落·梯田间 梯田旅馆和哈尼族民俗展示中心设计

设计从场地本身功能缺失性出发,分析得出元阳梯田的旅游价值和影响力与当地的基础配套设施不成正比,游客在观赏完梯田景观之后得跑到城镇上去居住。所以设想在梯田与原有哈尼族村落之间建造一个集旅馆、餐饮、哈尼文化展示于一体的旅馆＋文化展示中心。     

大别山区传统村落景观保护的现状与对策研究

大别山区传统村落是河南农业文明的物态表征,也是我国传统村落的重要组成.其空间形态特征呈现带型、环型和团块型,地域文化涵盖了中原文化、荆楚文化以及吴越文化,主要由新县、商城县、淮滨县等构成.在大别山区传统村落景观保护实践中,存在着顶层设计不完善、乡土文化景观衰落、村落环境肌理破坏等问题.因此,应当通过完善村落景观发展管理机制、重塑文化景观肌理、选择合适村落开发模式等手段,对大别山区传统村落景观进行整治设计.     

大别山区传统村落景观保护的现状与对策研究

大别山区传统村落是河南农业文明的物态表征,也是我国传统村落的重要组成.其空间形态特征呈现带型、环型和团块型,地域文化涵盖了中原文化、荆楚文化以及吴越文化,主要由新县、商城县、淮滨县等构成.在大别山区传统村落景观保护实践中,存在着顶层设计不完善、乡土文化景观衰落、村落环境肌理破坏等问题.因此,应当通过完善村落景观发展管理机制、重塑文化景观肌理、选择合适村落开发模式等手段,对大别山区传统村落景观进行整治设计.     

区域视角下云南腾冲村落景观特征及演变研究

借助GIS空间技术手段,运用景观因子的定性分析和量化的系统聚类分析相结合,以云南省腾冲市传统村落为例,通过分层级方式探讨区域视角下村落景观特征及其演变的研究方法。结果表明：（1）村落景观特征可从全境尺度和聚落尺度两个层级入手,不同层级具有不同景观构成要素、形态与特征;（2）腾冲区域村落景观可划分为6个一级景观单元和13个二级景观单元;（3）腾冲村落景观存在区域相似性和渐变性,核心区与边缘区、坝区与山区存在明显差异性;（4）现有村落景观格局受到地理环境与交通线路、边疆治理与移民宽乡、民族迁徙与文化涵化、宗族社会与宗教民俗等共同作用。同时,为腾冲区域传统村落的整体连片保护提供研究支撑和建议。     

中国古典园林建筑演化关系的思考

根据自然形态发生学的原理,文章提出各种古典园林建筑的形态结构具有明显的演化关系,其中亭是其它众多古典园林建筑类型的演化起点。亭、架、廊、桥、舟因具有明显的自然起源特征,属于原生起源的园林建筑,厅、榭、楼、阁、舫是次生起源的园林建筑,树木是所有古典园林建筑形态结构的自然原型,林中空地是古典园林建筑水平布局的自然原型。     

An Inventory Approach to the Assessment of Main Traditional Landscapes in Sicily (Central Mediterranean Basin)

EU policy for the conservation of cultural landscapes is of particular importance for a region such as Sicily (Italy) which is the site of many Mediterranean traditional cultural landscapes as well as new landscapes created by contemporary agriculture. Such variety of landscape, however, is not supported or confirmed by specialised inventories that identify and classify the typical Main Traditional Landscape (MTL). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present paper is to draw up a preliminary inventory and present a brief characterisation of MTLs in Sicily, in line with the multidisciplinary experiences and approaches implemented at European and national levels. In defining the typological units, the terminology used to identify Sicilian MTLs was modified by experiences developed on the mainland, with entries such as: bocage/semi-bocage, coltura promiscua, Mediterranean open field, mountain landscape, huerta and terrace landscape. Using different spatialised data layers, including those concerned with the main historical processes of land use and land use change, a total of eight MTLs have been detected, mapped, and concisely described. The distribution and importance of terracing systems within the different MTLs is highlighted as one of the most relevant traditional elements in the rural scenario.     

Ecological and social evaluation of landscape in a rural area with terraced paddies in southwestern Japan

Since the 1960s, improving socio-economic conditions in rural Japan have led to the rise in man-made or man-shaped landscapes, which has in turn resulted in formerly abundant species becoming endangered. In order to conserve biodiversity in rural areas, former agricultural landscapes must be conserved. The problem is that ecologically appropriate landscapes are not always compatible with the needs of local residents or land owners. Prior to carrying out any particular conservation measures, regional landscape management must consider both ecological and social approaches and present acceptable approach-specific management goals in an open and transparent manner. This study, undertaken in the Ohaga district of southwestern Japan, a typical rural area with terraced paddy fields, sought to develop a framework for evaluating regional resources from a landscape ecology perspective. Monitoring the temporal change of landscape structures and vegetation revealed the presence of habitats, such as the pine forest and grasslands bordering the rice paddies, which harbour specific plant species or populations, some now endangered. From a social standpoint, questionnaires revealed that local inhabitants wanted landscape management options which would conserve the pine forest, paddy fields and levee grasslands. Local farmers thought that the landscape should be used and managed as a rural park, rather than for agricultural purposes. These desirable landscape element types can serve as targets for conservation, but ultimately a new system of agricultural management must be developed to sustain the rural landscape.     

Distribution and dynamics of birds in a rural sub-Mediterranean landscape

The richness and abundance of birds in a sub-Mediterranean rural landscape (north Italy, Massa Carrara Province) were investigated across two spatial scales (10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km), two functional scales (land use mosaic and ecotope) and two temporal scales (annual and seasonal).Information on birds collected using the line transect method was compared with some landscape attributes (altitude, orientation, patch size, distance from cultivations).Distribution, abundance and seasonal turnover of birds were described efficiently by land use cover and ecotopes, but altitude, orientation, patch size and neighboring patch types were also important.Pure crop areas and crops mixed within woodlands and farming villages were the areas preferred by birds especially out of the breeding period, although woodlands supported more stable birds assemblages over the year. The multiscalar approach proposed was an efficient strategy to investigate these bird assemblages living in a patchy rural mosaic in which resources were made seasonally available by agricultural practices.The recent landscape change due to abandonment of agriculture in most of the sub-Mediterranean mountainous rural areas and the consequent woodland encroachment were expected to produce impoverishment of both diversity and abundance of resident and migratory birds.     

过度艺术化景观的对面——城市“野趣”自然景观的概念探讨

在本文中,对城市建设中越来越人工化的景观建设提出质疑,提出野趣景观的概念。野趣景观的产生和发展有以下五种途径：历史遗留下来的原生＂野趣＂自然景观,由经济林地发展而来的为风景林地,由农业耕作景观发展而来的自然景观,自然的溪流和湿地,工业化历史文化景观。为此需要在尊重自然景观发展演变规律的基础上,创造富有生机和活力的新型城市自然景观。     

北京长城堡寨聚落水环境适应性景观特征

【目的】北京长城沿线区域水环境复杂,在旱涝灾害威胁下长城堡寨聚落形成了类型多样、内涵丰富、价值突出的水适应性景观。对长城堡寨聚落的水适应性景观特征和模式进行总结提炼,以期为山地村镇聚落规划和保护提供参考和启示。【方法】根据降水量、城水距离对堡寨聚落选址进行分析,提出水穿城、近水建城、旱地堡寨3种城水关系类型。【结果】归纳得出聚落为应对旱涝双重威胁、季节性干旱、季节性洪涝3种灾害条件,其水适应性景观相应形成台田模式、坑塘模式、沟渠模式3种景观模式,并总结不同景观模式下的空间模式、调蓄模式、作物类型和礼俗信仰。【结论】北京长城堡寨聚落在复杂的水环境与军事防御等因素的影响下,形成了多样化的水适应景观模式。在传统水适应性智慧的指引下,形成了别具特色的聚落选址布局、旱涝调蓄方式和礼俗信仰。在长城国家文化公园建设背景下,研究结果对于长城文化带的保护与发展、中国传统水适应智慧的传承与延续具有重要参考意义。     

建章宫“一池三山”之仙山形态试探

建章宫"一池三山"的布局源于汉武帝的神仙信仰。受此影响,其中的仙山形象应是上广中狭的台状构筑物。此种台状仙山与汉代慕拟自然的假山形象并行发展,成为后世皇家园林"一池三山"的主要表达方式。通过对汉代图像资料中的仙山形象进行梳理,并结合相关的文献记载,对"一池三山"的仙山形态进行探究。进而分析了这一仙山形态在古典园林仙境景观中的发展演变,及其与汉代园林中用于迎仙的台的区别与联系,为进一步理解早期园林中的景观内容提供新的线索。     

Changes and continuities in a Mediterranean landscape: a new interdisciplinary approach to understanding historic character in western Catalonia

To understand why historic landscapes changed in the past researchers need to identify when and where changes took place, but in rural landscapes, the origins and development of many historic elements including field systems, roads, terraces and other earthworks remain poorly understood. This paper outlines a practical interdisciplinary method using GIS-based historic landscape characterisation (HLC) to integrate data from different sources and model how historic character varies in space. It pilots an innovative approach using luminescence profiling and dating that can underpin the HLC with significantly improved knowledge of historic processes of change. We focus on four case studies of terraced agricultural landscapes in western Catalonia and demonstrate for the first time that existing terrace systems often have medieval or early modern origins.     

省域多尺度景观特征分类体系的建立 ——以广西多民族自治区为例

景观作为人与自然相互作用结果的最终呈现,提供了一个实体可感知的媒介去理解和管理人与自然的关系。景观特征进一步提供了理解与分析景观变化程度的方法与工具,而建立景观特征的分类体系则成为管理景观变化的第一步,即建立特定区域的景观特征基准图则是判断与管理景观变化及其影响的基础与前提。基于遥感影像与空间数据,以中国广西壮族自治区为对象,尝试建立"省域-市域-地方"的多尺度景观特征分类体系,探索景观特征评估分类的技术过程与关键问题,以及其在景观分析、规划、监测管理等方面的应用与潜力。     

高速公路桥梁景观设计研究

以高速公路桥梁景观特征为基础,详细分析了主要影响高速公路桥梁景观设计的桥梁结构景观和文化景观,并对高速公路桥梁景观设计表现手法进行了论述,最后结合荷麻溪特大桥工程对高速公路桥梁景观设计展开实例探讨。