过冷Ni-31．44％Pb偏晶合金凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法研究Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金宽过冷区间凝固组织演化规律;结果表明,过冷偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段首先形成枝晶α骨架,再辉重熔后分布于枝晶间的残余液相按照平衡凝固模式进行后续反应;在0～286K过冷范围内,当ΔΤ＜50K时,合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α+枝晶间Pb相;当70＜ΔT＜232K时,凝固组织为细密枝晶α+枝晶臂上细小的Pb颗粒+枝晶间Pb相;当ΔT＞242K时,凝固组织为过冷粒状晶+均匀细小的Pb颗粒+少量尺寸较大的枝晶间Pb颗粒,过冷粒状晶的粒化机制属于枝晶碎断-再结晶机制.     

深过冷Fe-80at%Ni凝固组织

采用熔融玻璃与循环过热相结合方法使Fe-80at%Ni合金熔体获得了340K的大过冷,对Fe-80at%Ni过包晶合金在宽过冷范围内凝固组织进行研究。结果表明：在小过冷范围（ΔT〈28K）,凝固组织为普通树枝晶;当28K〈△T〈54K时,凝固组织为不规则粒状晶;当54K〈△T〈70K时,凝固组织为树枝晶;当70K〈△T〈210K时,凝固组织转变为细小的粒状晶;当△T〉210K时,凝固组织为粗大的晶粒。随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织发生了两次粒化和一次粗化过程,分别为由小过冷树枝晶向第一类粒状晶的转变,由大过冷树枝晶向第二类粒状晶的转变和由细小粒状晶向粗大晶粒转变。粒化机理分别是枝晶重熔,枝晶碎断＋再结晶和极大的表面能导致小晶粒合并。     

过冷Ni—2Pb单相偏晶合金的组织粒化

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究了过冷Ni-2Pb单相偏晶合金的组织粒化机制。在22～280K过冷度范围内,Ni-2Pb合金组织发生两次粒化。当22K<ΔT<66K时,合金组织由普通树枝晶渐变为第一类粒状晶;当ΔT>88K时,合金组织由第一类粒状晶转变为深过冷树枝晶;当ΔT>187K时,合金组织骤然粒化为第二类粒状晶。BCT模型分析表明第一类粒状晶的粒化机制为枝晶熔断再结晶机制;第二类为枝晶碎断再结晶机制。     

DZ125高温合金深过冷凝固组织转变规律

采用熔盐净化剂与循环过热相结合的方法,获得了过冷度高达180 K的DZ125高温合金深过冷熔体,研究了合金深过冷凝固的组织演化过程.结果表明,随着过冷度△T的增大,凝固组织经历3次转变过程:当△T<48 K时,合金的凝固组织为普通树枝晶;当48 K≤△T<85 K时,枝晶因再辉发生熟化和重熔,组织转化为第1类粒状晶;当85 K≤△T<160 K时,再辉所产生的重熔效应大大降低,凝固组织为深过冷树枝晶;当△T≥160 K时,发生枝晶破碎及再结晶,凝固组织转变为第Ⅱ类粒状晶.     

偏晶合金Ni—31.44％Pb过冷组织粒化机制

利用溶融玻璃净化、循环过热相结合的方法对Ni-31.44%Pb(质量分数）偏晶合金宽过冷区间组织演化规律进行研究。结果表明：随过冷度的增大,凝固组织发生三次转变。其中当△T＞242K时,合金组织发生第三次转变,由细密枝晶骤燃粒化为过冷粒状晶。通过组织观察和过冷熔体枝晶生长过程的理论计算发现,快速凝固过程中液相变速率骤然增加,引起枝晶全面碎断,然后在枝晶块表面能和就变能的驱动下,晶界移动,发生碎晶合并－再结晶是形成过冷粒状晶的原因。     

STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF UNDERCOOLED SINGLE-PHASENi-2wt%Pb MONOTECTIC ALLOY

1. IntroductionDendrite is the common growth manner of undercooled single-phase alloys, and recentinvestigations['] revealed that there are three critical undercoolings, ATI, ATZ and aT3,during the solidification process of this kind of alloys. Within the undercooling range of aTIand aT2, the solidification structure undergoes the first change from common dendrites, (less than ATI) to the first class granular grains (higher than aTI). When the undercoolingis higher than aT2, the change f…     

过偏晶合金Ni-40%Pb深过冷凝固组织

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究过冷Ni-40%Pb(质量分数)过偏晶合金的组织演化规律. 结果发现 过偏晶合金在快速凝固阶段本质上是以枝晶方式生长; 当ΔT《50K时, 合金组织为粗大枝晶+枝晶间Pb相+团块状Pb相; 当100《ΔT《198K时, 合金组织宏观偏析严重; 当ΔT＝292K时, 合金组织呈粒状晶, 第二相均匀弥散分布. 分析表明凝固组织宏观偏析与快速凝固阶段固液相变速率和体系残余液相分数有关; 粒状晶粒化机制属于枝晶碎断再结晶机制.     

亚偏晶Cu-Pb合金的深过冷快速凝固

用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了亚偏晶Cu-Pb合金过冷熔体凝固组织演化规律。研究表明:在试验过冷度10～302K的范围内,其凝固组织形态经历了两次变化过程:第一次是在10～207K过冷度范围,由粗大的枝晶重熔形成了第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在207～302K过冷度区间,合金组织中的第一类粒状晶转变为高度细化的细枝晶,组织因细枝晶再结晶向准球状晶粒转变。     

过冷Ni50Cu50合金的二次枝晶间距

过冷Ｎｉ５０Ｃｕ５０合金的二次枝晶间距随过冷度的增加并不以简单的幂函数规律减小,在４０－１２０Ｋ过冷度范围内有一反常的变化,理论分析指出这是枝晶生长从低过冷下的溶质扩散控制向高过冷下的热扩散控制转变过程中一次枝晶尖端半径的上升所致。与常规凝固合金相比,深过冷合金的二次枝晶在凝固过程中发生剧烈的粗化。     

Mechanical deformation of dendrites by fluid flow during the solidification of undercooled melts

Mechanical interactions between growing dendrites and their parent melt are normally considered to be of little significance. During conventional solidification processing this is undoubtedly true. However, during the solidification of undercooled melts the twin conditions required to produce mechanical damage to dendrites, high flow velocities and very fine dendrites, may exist. This is most likely in strongly partitioning alloy systems where the tip radius experiences a local minimum at undercoolings in the range of 50–100 K. In this paper we present a model for the skin stress resulting from fluid flow around a family of realistically shaped dendrites. We find that within a narrow undercooling range about the minimum in the tip radius, mechanical deformation of the growing dendrite is likely. Experimental evidence is presented from the Cu–3wt%Sn and Cu–O alloy systems that appear to show evidence of extensively deformed dendritic structures consistent with mechanical damage. Other mechanisms for causing dendritic bending during growth are considered and shown to be unlikely in this case.     

Fe-Ni-P-B共晶合金的深过冷凝固组织演化

采用玻璃熔覆法使Fe-Ni-P-B共晶合金在不同过冷度条件下凝固,研究了其组织随过冷度的演化规律.结果表明,随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织形态逐渐从棒状规则共晶向不规则的粒状共晶组织转化.当T＜35 K时,棒状规则共晶组织随过冷度增加而逐渐细化;当35 K＜ T＜150 K时,凝固组织由团状非规则共晶与棒状规则共晶构成,且随着过冷度增加非规则共晶逐渐增多,规则共晶组织减少,共晶间距增大;当T＞150K时,获得完全非规则共晶组织.应用Jackson-Hunt共晶生长模型和枝晶熔断理论,对Fe-Ni-P-B共晶合金凝固组织形成机制进行了分析讨论.     

深过冷BFe30-2合金凝固组织演化

用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法,研究了BFe30-2合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律。研究表明:在过冷度39～203K的范围内,其凝固组织的形态有三次变化过程:第一次是在39～118K过冷度范围,随着过冷度的增加,凝固组织中枝晶明显细化且同时存在枝晶重熔形成的第一类粒状晶;第二次发生在118～174K过冷度范围,因枝晶熟化被抑制,形成的第一类粒状晶转变为高度细化的细枝晶;第三次发生在174～203K过冷度区间,组织因细枝晶再结晶转变为均匀的准球状晶粒。     

RECALESCENCES AND SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURE OF HIGHLY UNDERCOOLED Ni_(68)B_(21)Si_(11) ALLOY

One,two and three recalescence events in the solidification of highly undercooledNi_68B_21Si_11 alloy melt and the conditions of undercooling together with the effect onsolidification morphologies were revealed.The solidification morphologies of the undercooledalloy may be examined in the light of two aspects,i.e,growth of either Ni_3B,Ni_6Si_2B andNi_2B ternary eutectic or dendrite cluster with Ni_3B as leading phase.When the degree ofundercooling below 200 or over 310 K,the alloy solidifies to accompany one recalescence only,and the crystals grow according to the first mode of solidification.While undercooling at othertemperatures,two or three events of recalescence may occur and the dendrite cluster may so-lidify.     

深过冷合金再辉与凝固组织的研究

发现深过冷Ni_(68)B_(21)Si_(11)合金液形核过程中的多次再辉现象,揭示了二次和三次再辉的过冷条件,以及对凝固组织的影响。研究结果表明,深过冷Ni_(68)B_(21)Si_(11)合金液存在两种凝固机制:一是NilB,Nj‘si,B和Ni,B的三相共晶生长;另一个是以NilB为领先相的枝晶簇生长。当过冷度低于200K或超过310K时,合金液凝固仅伴生一次再辉,其晶体生长以第一种凝固方式进行。其他过冷范围内的合金液则发生多次再辉和枝晶簇凝固。     

Microstructures and evolution mechanism of highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloy

The microstructures and evolution mechanism of the undercooled Ni-20%Pb(molar fraction) alloy were investigated systematically by high undercooling solidification technique. The experiment results indicate that the morphology of α-Ni phase and the distribution of Pb element in undercooled Ni-20% Pb alloys change with the in-crease of undercooling. The main evolution mechanisms of α-Ni are dendrite remelting and recrystallization. Pb phase in the microstructure of Ni-20% Pb hypermonotectic alloy originates from L2 phase separated from the parent melt during the cooling process through immiscible gap and L2 phase formed at the temperature of monotectic trans-formation. The solubility of Ph element in α-Ni phase under high undercooling condition is up to 5.83% which is ob-viously higher than that under equilibrium solidification condition. The real reason that causes the solubility difference is distinct solute trapping.     

Rapid solidification of undercooled Cu–Ge peritectic alloy

Bulk samples of Cu–14.4 wt% Ge peritectic alloy has been undercooled by up to 200 K (0.166 T_L) with a glass fluxing technique. The solidified microstructures are mainly characterized by α-Cu dendrites plus ζ phase which forms in the interdendritic areas within the whole undercooling regime. With the increase of undercooling, both the secondary arm spacing of primary α-Cu dendrite and the layer thickness of the peritectic ζ phase decrease. The primary trunk and secondary arm of α-Cu dendrites show round shape under small undercooling condition, whereas they keep a good dendritic shape within a large undercooling regime, indicating that the peritectic reaction proceeds for a relatively longer period of time in the former case. The volume fraction of peritectic ζ phase increases with undercooling, but that of α-Cu dendrite shows a decreasing tendency. Furthermore, drop tube experiments were also performed to reveal the competitive nucleation and growth mechanisms of primary α-Cu dendrite and peritectic phase ζ. Calculations based on the current dendritic growth model are made to analyze the crystal growth kinetics during the rapid solidification of undercooled Cu–Ge peritectic alloy.     

Liquid-liquid phase separation in highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloys

1 Introduction Hypermonotectic alloys with homogeneous structure have good physical and chemical properties and can be used as self-lubricating materials, electrical contact materials and superconducting materials, and so on [1,2]. However, it is very dif…     

深过冷Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的凝固特性研究

对熔融玻璃净化后深过冷Ni-21.4%Si（原子分数,下同）共晶合金的凝固特性进行了实验研究,并对其均质形核过冷度进行了理论预测.结果发现,采用熔融玻璃净化可使Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金获得318 K的过冷度.理论计算表明,此过冷度达到了Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的均质形核过冷度.Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金凝固特性与过冷度△T有关:当过冷度小于250 K时,冷却曲线有2个再辉峰,其中当过冷度小于206 K时,凝固组织由Ni3Si相和规则共晶组成,当过冷度在206 K到250 K之间时,凝固组织由α-Ni相和规则共晶组成;过冷度大于250 K后,冷却曲线只有1个再辉峰,凝固组织为反常共晶.过冷度会影响初生相Ni3Si的生长方式.随着过冷度的增大,初生相Ni₃Si的生长会由小平面生长方式转为非小平面生长方式.     

Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金深过冷快速凝固反常共晶的形成研究

利用熔融玻璃净化循环过热的方法进行了Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金的深过冷快速凝固实验,并系统研究了熔体过冷度和微量Nb添加对反常共晶形成的影响。结果表明,快速凝固过程中共晶枝晶内部首先重熔形成反常共晶,随着过冷度的增大,共晶相的形貌从蠕虫状转变为球形颗粒,被重熔形成的固相颗粒将作为剩余液相形核生长的基底,Ag-Cu共晶中共晶两相形核具有非互惠性。Co-Sn共晶合金中添加Nb元素后样品内部反常共晶形成的临界过冷度由23 K降低至15 K,而表面组织中过冷度从45 K降低至30 K。由于样品表面与坩埚壁接触有利于结晶潜热消散,反常共晶形成的临界过冷度较高。Ag-Cu共晶合金温度再辉曲线上慢速凝固阶段持续的时间较Co-Sn共晶合金要长。     

热分析在Fe-B合金深过冷凝固过程中的应用

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的深过冷技术,研究了Fe-B共晶合金熔体的深过冷及超过冷凝固组织与冷却曲线的关系.凝固过程的热分析表明,合金熔体冷却曲线的变化体现了熔体的过冷程度,即通过对冷却曲线特征参量的分析能够直接确定深过冷/超过冷凝固组织的获得,而且过冷度与初生相的形核、分布、晶粒大小及共晶组织形貌等凝固特征的对应关系也能够通过冷却曲线反映出来.