提高对线粒体脑肌病的认识与诊断水平

线粒体脑肌病(mitoclaondrial encephalomyopathy,ME)是一组因遗传基因异常引起线粒体酶功能障碍而导致的,以脑及骨骼肌症候为主的多系统受累疾病.     

线粒体肌病与线粒体脑肌病的临床分析

目的探讨神经肌肉系统线粒体病的发病机制、临床与病理特征及诊断。方法对7例确诊为线粒体病患者的临床表现、病理检查、实验室与影像学资料进行了回顾性分析。结果该组患者诊断为线粒体肌病3例,线粒体脑肌病4例;其中2例患者血乳酸水平升高;7例患者肌电图均有异常发现,肌肉活检均有特征性的改变;4例线粒体脑肌病患者头部影像学均有异常改变。结论线粒体病主要累及肌肉及中枢神经系统,诊断要求多种手段结合,以临床和病理表现为主,近年来基因方面的研究及影像学诊断发展迅速,目前对本病主要采取对症治疗。     

线粒体脑肌病

线粒体脑肌病郭玉璞一、概述线粒体是人体最重要的产生能量的细胞器，是人体细胞主要能量来源，其基本功能是氧化可利用的底物，通过呼吸链电子传递合成ＡＴＰ。它含有全套呼吸链酶体系、氧化磷酸化酶体系三羧酸循环、脂肪酸氧化酶等，线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）是人体细...     

线粒体脑肌病

患者男性,31岁。间断性抽搐10余年,因头部外伤入院治疗,经脑组织、肌肉活检以及基因检测明确诊断为线粒体脑肌病伴高乳酸血症和卒中样发作(mitochondrial en-cephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes,MELAS)。     

线粒体脑肌病

线粒体脑肌病王纪佐姚小梅近年来，遗传学的发展更新了人们对疾病的认识。其中进展最快的当属线粒体遗传学中由于线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）突变所造成的疾病研究。线粒体病在６０年代初始见报道，１９６６年Ｓｈｙ等确定了一类儿童肌病，电子显微镜发现其增大的线粒体中...     

线粒体肌病及脑肌病

线粒体肌病及脑肌病李大年自Ｌｕｆｔ等于１９６２年首次采用改良ＧｏｍｏｒｉＴｒｉｃｈｒｏｍｅ染色（ＭＧＴ）发现肌纤维中有不整红边纤维（ＲＲＦ）并诊断首例线粒体肌病以来，继而发现此类线粒体疾病也可同时累及中枢神经系统，并引起多种线粒体脑肌病的临床综合征［...     

线粒体肌病和脑肌病

线粒体肌病和脑肌病陈清棠线粒体是存在于每个细胞内的细胞器。它的主要功能就是合成三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ），为细胞提供足够的能量。如果因为某种原因使线粒体不能提供足够的能量，细胞就会坏死，导致一些器官或组织功能减退，出现各种临床症状。如果病变以侵犯骨骼肌为主...     

线粒体DNA突变与线粒体脑肌病

本文简述了线粒体DNA的基本结构、功能及特性,并着重讨论线粒体DNA点突变与几种临床常见的线粒体疾病如Leber's病,MELAS,MERRF之间的联系及特异性线粒体DNA点突变的基因诊断意义。     

Non-epileptic myoclonus and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

Two brothers presented to us with a progressive myoclonic syndrome with slight cerebellar symptoms. Neurological examination disclosed moderate cerebellar signs and pale optic discs; asymmetric, asynchronous and arrhythmic myoclonus, an arrthesthesic deficit and no muscular weakness. EEG background activity was moderately slow with no irritative discharges. CT was normal in both cases. Intermittent photic stimulation increased the frequency of the myoclonic jerks, which became bilateral and synchronous, progressing to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. EPs and MRI in one case were normal. Anticonvulsant drugs were ineffective. The diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was based on the finding, in muscle specimens, of thickened basement membranes with myofibrillary degeneration and increased number of mitochondria peripherally distributed and with a dense granular matrix and some vacuoles. The clinical and EEG data suggest a subcortical origin for this type of myoclonic syndrome.     

Tachyduodenia in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy

In a 38‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy an abnormally high duodenal contraction frequency of 20 per minute was found to be present. It is speculated that this tachyduodenia is caused by a metabolic effect on Cajal cells.     

Segmental dystonia and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy]

A 55 year-old male experienced a dystonia of the right upper limb followed by a ptosis with complete ophthalmoplegia and cataract. He developed a sensory neuropathy and personality changes. Ragged-red fibers were found on muscle biopsy. There was a major defect in complex III and IV activity.     

A patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy presenting gynecomastia with elevation of serum estriol level]

We report a 23-year-old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. At 21 years of age, he noted speech distubance. Since his dysarthria did not improve thereafter, he was admitted to our hospital. On admission, he showed mild gynecomastia. Neurological examination revealed mild decrease in performance IQ in WAIS-R, mild scanning speech, mild left hearing disturbance, mild to moderate muscle weakness in proximal four extremities, mild bilateral limb ataxia, and mild to moderate truncal ataxia. While, no brisk deep tendon reflex, pathological reflex, aberrant muscle tonus, sensory disturbance, retinopathy, myoclonus or autonomic disorder was found. Serum levels of lactate (23.2 mg/dl, normal<18.7) and pyruvate (1.23 mg/dl, normal<0.94) were elevated, and serum lactate levels were markedly elevated (118.1 mg/dl) after 15-minute exercise (15 Watts/minute). CSF levels of lactate (31.2 mg/dl, normal<12.5) and pyruvate (1.48 mg/dl, normal<0.75) were also elevated. Head MRI showed mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, but 1H-MRS showed no lactate peak. Moreover, muscle biopsy from left biceps muscle showed lots of ragged-red fibers, and he was thus diagnosed as having mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. However, nt3243 mutation of mitochondria DNA was not present. Next, we confirmed gynecomastia by mammography, and checked serum levels of estrogens. Mildly decreased estradiol (19.9 pg/ml, normal, 20-59), normal estrone (24.0 pg/ml, normal<30.0) and mildly increased estriol (6.03 pg/ml, normal<5.0) were found. While, the serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were all within normal limits. Since the steroid hormone synthesis system and hypothalamus-pituitary system seem to be normal, 16alpha-hydroxylase that converts estradiol to estriol may be upregulated. While, aromatase (P-450arom) is well known to convert androgens to estrogens. In addition, 16alpha-hydroxylase and P-450arom convert DHEA-S to estriol. Since it is recently reported that P-450arom is considerably expressed in muscle tissues as well as fat tissues and that muscle tissue may be a major organ to produce estrogens in men and postmenopausal women, estriol production may be increased in the present patient's muscle. Although hypogonadism due to hypothalamus-pituitary disorders was sometimes reported, there have been no reports that suggest an increased estrogen production in skeletal muscles in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Recently, estrogen has been known to protect muscle fibers from oxidative damages due to exercise. Thus, it is of potential that estrogens increased locally in muscle tissues of the patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies protect muscle fibers from oxidative damage due to mitochondrial dysfunction.     

线粒体脑肌病的MR诊断与鉴别诊断:附4例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨线粒体脑肌病(ME)的MR诊断与鉴别诊断。方法:分析4例线粒体脑肌病患者的临床`实验室及MRI表现,其中4例行常规MRI扫描,1例行MRA扫描。结果:3例病变主要累及两侧大脑皮层和皮层下,1例主要表现为白质内改变,均表现为长T1长T2信号,2例合并脑萎缩,MRA示1例未见明显改变。结论:MRI对线粒体脑肌病的脑内病变敏感,当年轻患者出现非典型性脑梗死表现,应考虑到线粒体脑肌病的可能。     

提高对瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平

瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病(tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases,TIDD)是一种累及中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的较为特殊的脱髓鞘疾病,是CNS炎性假瘤的一种.     

线粒体肌病和线粒体脑肌病组织化学及电镜的研究

本文报告了2例线粒体肌病、3例线粒体脑肌病(MALES1例、MER-RF2例)。所有病例的速冻连续切片的GT染色均见有RRF。在HE—NADH—TR、ATP酶、PAS、、磷酸化酶及SND染色中均见有RRF样增强纤维。细胞色素C氧化酶染色中有2例的切片出现阴性染色肌纤维、考虑为复合体Ⅳ活性低下,余3例染色正常。电镜下观察到除有大量形态异常的线粒体外,并在这些线粒体内见有结晶状、板层状及同心圆样的包涵体。