北方地区建筑渗风能耗与传热能耗的比例分析

高层建筑渗风能耗已成为暖通专业中不容忽视的问题，本文不北方地区高层住宅建筑的渗风能耗以算例的形式进行了具体的量化分析，提出了减少渗风能耗的几种方法。     

重庆市某大型酒店建筑能耗及节能措施分析

介绍重庆市某大型酒店空调系统的使用概况和负荷特征,分析该酒店建筑的能耗情况,提出降低该酒店建筑能耗的一些可行的技术和管理措施及建议。     

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).     

建筑管理与能源匹配中的建筑节能

基于调研成果 ,分析了目前上海市公共建筑的管理模式与建筑能源的匹配情况 ,探讨了建筑管理与建筑能源匹配对公共建筑节能的影响     

Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m³/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m²·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m²·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m²·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.     

上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》分析

对上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》(DGJ08-107-2004)和其它建筑节能设计标准作了简单分析与比较。并针对节能设计的现状提出了一些建议,认为对于一些成熟有效的节能措施应通过节能设计标准的规定性条文加以推广。     

基于结构分解法的昆明市能耗水平研究

通过对2005~2010年昆明市能源消费及国民经济统计指标分析,得出各年单位GDP能耗及能耗水平变动情况,在此基础上利用结构分解法对2005~2010年影响昆明市能耗变动的主要因素进行分析。2005年以来昆明市能耗下降得益于三次产业能源利用效率提高,但第二产业比重的回升阻碍了能耗的进一步下降。"十二五"期间,昆明市亟需优化产业结构、调整能源结构、提升能源利用效率,才能完成单位GDP能耗下降目标。     

The analysis of energy consumption of a commercial building in Tianjin,China

According to statistics and field investigation, the energy consumption situation and reality of commercial building is described in this paper. As the first step of large-scale public building energy efficiency supervision system encouraged by central government of China, the energy consumption of several typical commercial buildings and public buildings was analyzed in detail. The main contents of investigation are as follows: basic information of building, operational record of energy consumption equipment, energy consumption of indoor equipments, energy-efficiency assessment of energy consumption systems and equipments, investigation of behavior energy saving, etc. On this basis further analysis and diagnosis including indoor thermal and humid environment, operation state of air-conditioning water system, operation state of air-conditioning duct system and operation management of air-conditioning system were implemented. The results show that the most energy consumption of buildings in this city is commercial buildings, which can reach to about 240 W/m² per year. Further analysis tells that air conditioning systems play the major role of building energy consumption, and building energy saving has great potential in this city. In this paper, the ways of diagnosis work for building energy consumption are also described and discussed. Reasonable test, diagnosis and analysis are meaningful for building energy efficiency retrofit and management.     

基于建筑环境的空调系统节能分析

针对暖通空调节能的趋势 ,分析了建筑环境对暖通空调系统的影响 ,提出从建筑环境方面考虑问题是暖通空调节能的必要途径 ,概括地介绍了空调能源的发展方向和空调节能的多种手法     

基于可再生能源的建筑节能策略研究

在我国建筑能耗总量和耗能比重不断攀升的背景下,能源危机日益加剧。把太阳能、风能和地热能等可再生能源应用到建筑节能中,是解决建筑能源问题的重大抉择。由于建筑物外围护结构直接和外界接触,是室内热量散失的主要途径,讨论了节约能源的保温绝热策略。阐述了被动式太阳能利用、主动式太阳能利用、太阳能光电技术、风力发电、自然通风和地热利用的基本原理,对于每一种利用方式,从应用实际出发提出了具体的建筑节能策略。     

马鞍山市多层住宅典型围护结构的空调能耗对比

选取马鞍山市某居住建筑为研究对象，运用eQUEST软件对其空调能耗进行了动态模拟。采用2000年与2008年市场主流建筑结构材料进行对比，计算和分析结果表明：改善居住建筑围护结构材料节能率可达到7．5％。     

Application of energy storage enclosure with phase change materials in building energy saving

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能。相变材料与建材基体结合,制成一种具有储热功能的围护结构。该围护结构可发挥相变储热功能,降低建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑热舒适度,能够更加有效地减少建筑物运行能耗,从而实现建筑节能。本文对当前现有相变材料的优缺点、相变材料在不同围护结构中的应用、相变储能围护结构对室内热环境的影响及对建筑运行能耗的影响、相变储能围护结构应用的经济性等方面进行了分析,提出相变储能围护结构在工程应用中所存在的不足及其发展前景。     

空气预热器的漏风改造及其节能分析

浙江省共有18台125MW发电机组，均为上海锅炉厂生产的420t/h超高压、中间再热锅炉，每台锅炉配备2台直径6．7m回转式空预器，空预器的漏风率长期超过设计漏风率较多，导致锅炉送、引风机电耗高，锅炉热经济性差。文章分析了长兴电厂4号和5号锅炉空预器漏风率高的原因，通过对空预器的改造使漏风率下降到4．5％左右，机组送、引风机电耗大大下降，锅炉热经济性提高，电厂的发电成本降低。     

广州地区机关办公建筑能耗调查与节能潜力分析

对广州地区5栋机关办公建筑进行了能耗调查,得到了该类建筑能耗的基本状况,并对其做了节能潜力分析。     

低能耗房屋中窗户面积的优化选择

应用全年能耗模拟软件,分别用不同面积、类型的窗户玻璃对一栋住宅楼进行模拟计算,得到不同窗户玻璃在不同朝向的能耗,以及保持室内温度在20~26℃所需的最大能源。模拟结果表明在低能耗房屋中南向节能窗户的面积不是冬季采暖能耗的主要影响因素,而与夏季制冷能耗密切相关。因此,扩大北向窗户的面积,可获得更好的采光效果。从节能的角度出发,存在一个理想的南向窗户面积。     

Simplified evaluation of building energy requirement for air conditioning

New European standards are now under preparation which also extend to verifying the energy requirement of a building–plant system for air conditioning. For this aim a simplified technique like the utilization factor method, just foreseen for the heating season, has been taken into account. Therefore the results obtainable in this way are here compared with those from the dynamic simulation of the building–plant system by comprehensive computer programs such as DOE and BLAST. The analysis points out not only the feasibility, but also the limitation of this method. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cost-optimal energy performance measures in a new daycare building in cold climate

New municipal service buildings must be energy effective, and cost-optimality is one of the criteria for selecting the suitable energy performance improvement measures. A daycare building in a cold climate was studied by means of simulation-based, multi-objective optimisation. Using a genetic algorithm, both target energy use and life-cycle cost of the selected measures were minimised. It was found that extensive insulation of the building envelope is not a cost-optimal method to reduce the daycare building energy use. Improving energy efficiency of the ventilation system, utilising solar energy on-site and employing a light control strategy are preferable ways of improving the building energy performance. Ground-source heat pump is a more cost-optimal heating system for the daycare building than district heating. The cost-optimal sizing of the heat pump is small, only 28% of the required maximum heating power.

Abbreviations: AHU: air handling unit; CAV: constant air volume; COMBI: comprehensive development of nearly zero-energy municipal service buildings; COP: coefficient of performance; DH: district heating; DHW: domestic hot water; EPBD: energy performance of buildings directive; EU: European Union; FINVAC: Finnish Association of HVAC Societies; GSHP: ground-source heat pump; HRU: heat recovery unit; IDA ICE: IDA Indoor Climate and Energy; LED: light-emitting diode; MOBO: multi-objective building optimisation tool; NSGA-II: Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II; nZEB: nearly zero-energy building; PV: photovoltaic; TRY: test reference year; VAV: variable air volume; ZEB: zero-energy building     

浅析建筑节能技术应用的经济性

随着我国经济的高速增长，大规模的居住建筑建设方兴未艾，实现建筑节能已是刻不容缓。介绍了建筑能耗的构成，着重分析了建筑节能的经济性，指出建筑节能经济效益显著，应予以足够重视。     

Numerical assessing energy performance for building envelopes with phase change material

In hot climate, phase change material (PCM) can be incorporated into building envelopes to reduce heat gain through the building envelopes and therefore reduce its cooling demand. In this study, the energy performance of building envelopes integrated with PCM has been explored using a popular dynamic building performance simulation package, EnergyPlus, and the energy saving mechanism of PCM was investigated. The simulation results reflected that PCM could effectively help to reduce the building's annual energy consumption by 20.9% for Guangzhou, China. In addition, for the Guangzhou city, 27°C transition temperature, smaller thermal conductivity of roof, and higher amount of PCM can all help to improve the building's energy performance. Additionally, it is suggested that in real building development/retrofit projects, the selection of PCM needs to be based on both their thermal properties and the local climatic conditions of the building.     

知识经济时代中的建筑节能新观念

论述了知识经济为人类的可持续发展寻求了一条可行途径。分析了建筑节能的关键是要在观念上、技术上以及管理上建立有持续创新能力的创新体系。从这些观点出发,就我国建筑节能技术的发展提出了建议．