膀胱壁瓣输尿管成形术治疗移植肾输尿管长段坏死(附5例分析)

目的探讨膀胱壁瓣输尿管成形术治疗移植肾输尿管长段坏死的疗效。方法肾移植术后移植肾输尿管全长坏死患者5例，发生坏死时间平均为移植术后3．2(2周～2．5个月)，坏死长度平均8．2(6．8～10．3)cm，均有不同程度的移植肾功能损害。所有患者行坏死段切除并膀胱壁瓣输尿管成形术。结果5例患者术后随访6个月～2年，均恢复正常尿道排尿，移植肾功能恢复正常并稳定存活。结论膀胱壁瓣输尿管成形术治疗移植肾输尿管长段坏死效果较满意。     

膀胱瓣输尿管成形术治疗10例移植肾输尿管梗阻的经验分析

目的:探讨膀胱瓣输尿管成形术(boari flap ureteroplasty,BFU)治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的效果和经验。方法:回顾性分析我院近5年来应用BFU治疗10例移植肾输尿管梗阻患者的临床资料及随访结果,观察移植肾输尿管是否再次发生梗阻和积水。结果:所有患者移植肾输尿管梗阻均得到完美重建,随访1～5年B超检查未见移植肾梗阻和积水,移植肾功能维持正常。结论:BFU是治疗肾移植术后输尿管长段梗阻的有效方法,且近、远期疗效满意。     

肾移植术后移植肾输尿管全长坏死2例

移植肾输尿管全长坏死是肾移植术后的少见并发症 ,因其发生较隐蔽 ,临床上易误诊或延误治疗。我院于 2 0 0 1年收治 2例 ,现报告如下。例 1　男 ,39岁。 2 0 0 0年 7月 19日行同种异体肾移植术 ,术后应用泼尼松、环孢素Ａ及硫唑嘌呤三联免疫抑制治疗 ,术后每天尿量 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0ｍｌ,第 12天肌酐及尿素氮降至正常 ,术后第 15天出院。于 2 0 0 0年 9月逐渐出现尿量减少 ,由 2 0 0 0ｍｌ/ｄ降至 40 0ｍｌ/ｄ ,甚至无尿 ,给予甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗 3天无效。移植肾Ｂ超检查示移植肾血流正常 ,移植肾积水 ,移植肾输尿管显示不清 ,即入院后行…     

膀胱瓣成形术治疗肾移植术后输尿管梗阻和尿瘘6例分析

目的：探讨膀胱瓣成形（Board术治疗输尿管梗阻的应用价值。方法：对同种异体肾移植术后3例长段或者多节段的输尿管梗阻患者以及3例经保守治疗无效的尿瘘患者行Boari术。结果：6例患者输尿管均得到重建,随访1年,复查静脉肾盂造影未见梗阻或者狭窄复发,输尿管再通率100％,人、肾存活率均为100％。结论：Boari术是治疗肾移植术后输尿管梗阻或者尿瘘的有效方法。     

自体膀胱瓣管-移植肾肾盂吻合术处理输尿管坏死

目的探讨自体膀胱瓣管移植肾肾盂吻合术处理肾移植术后输尿管长段坏死的效果。方法13例患者肾移植术后发生输尿管长段坏死,将其膀胱皮瓣围绕输尿管内支架管(双J管)缝合成管状,以代替坏死的输尿管,上部修剪成斜形后,与移植肾肾盂吻合。留置双J管做支架管,切口留置胶管引流。结果13例患者均成功进行移植肾肾盂膀胱瓣管吻合术,其中1例术后7d发生严重肾周感染而切除移植肾,其余12例肾功能恢复良好,术后随访1年,2例出现返流,人、肾1年存活率分别为100%(13/13)、92.3%(12/13)。结论自体膀胱瓣管移植肾肾盂吻合术是治疗肾移植术后输尿管长段坏死的有效手段。     

腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术

目的 探讨腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术的可行性和临床疗效。方法 采用经腹腔途径施行腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管出口梗阻9例。左侧1例，右侧7例，双侧1例。4例为单纯性输尿管出口狭窄，1例输尿管出口狭窄伴对侧输尿管结石，1例输尿管出口狭窄者经尿道钬激光切开术后1年出现再次狭窄，1例为开放输尿管膀胱再植术后再发输尿管出口狭窄，1例为泌尿系结核左肾切除术后右侧输尿管出口狭窄，1例为右卵巢囊肿术后双侧输尿管出口梗阻伴发急性肾衰竭2周。B超和IVU检查示重度肾积水6例7侧，中度肾积水3例。结果 9例手术均顺利。手术耗时115～180min/侧，平均132min／侧。术中出血40～150ml，平均62ml。术后1～3d拔除膀胱外引流管下地活动，无一例漏尿。术后1周拔除导尿管，7—14d出院，平均住院时间8d。术后1个月拔除双J管。术后3～6个月膀胱造影显示I度双侧输尿管返流1例，无返流8例。随访3～16个月，B超和IVU、MRU复查无吻合口狭窄，肾积水均得到明显改善，中度肾积水者2例，轻度肾积水者4例，无明显肾积水者3例。结论 腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术手术效果好，抗返流效果佳，刨伤小，是治疗输尿管出口病变的微创新途径。     

改良输尿管置入膀胱尿路重建法建立小鼠肾移植模型

目的探讨小鼠肾移植术中输尿管膀胱置入的改良方法。方法30对BALB/c小鼠同品系间行肾移植术,供肾均为左肾,应用双套管法建立供肾血液循环,由传统的先置入后固定包埋的方法,改良为先固定,再置入,最后包埋的方法,记录手术时间、存活率及并发症发生情况。结果供肾血管分离、灌注、切除时间(25±6)min,热缺血时间(10±6)s,冷缺血时间(25±5)min。受体手术:动静脉分离时间(12±5)min,静脉套置时间(7±1)min,动脉套置时间(7±1)min,输尿管膀胱吻合时间(13±2)min,切除右肾时间(5±1)min,关腹(5±1)min。总手术时间(77±3)min。成功建立26例移植模型,手术成功率86.7%(26/30)。结论改良后的输尿管置入膀胱尿路吻合术更简单快捷,小鼠肾移植术后尿路并发症发生率低,更有利于初学者掌握。     

肾移植术中应用输尿管膀胱植入法748例分析报告

我院自１９９２年至１９９７年６月在尸肾移植术中采用改良输尿管膀胱植入法（ＭＥＵ）吻合输尿管膀胱共７４８例，分析如下。资料与方法：肾移植受者７４８例，男４５０例，女２９８例，平均年龄４２．５±１１．７岁。术后免疫抑制剂应用１９９３年１０月之前为环孢素Ａ...     

肾移植术中一种简化的输尿管膀胱吻合术

自 1 996～ 2 0 0 1年 ,采用一种简化的输尿管膀胱吻合术完成肾移植手术 30例 ,取得了满意效果 ,介绍如下。手术方法 :(1 )术中完成相应手术的有关步骤后 ,输尿管呈游离状态 ,根据拟吻合输尿管膀胱吻合处的位置 ,修剪输尿管长度 ,使其末段呈椭圆形。在手术切口下段 ,向内、上侧推开腹膜 ,显露膀胱外侧顶部。 (2 )在膀胱外侧顶部 ,用电刀切开膀胱浆肌层约 0 .5ｃｍ ,保留粘膜层完整。自该切口粘膜下向上穿一潜行遂道 ,隧道长约 1 .0ｃｍ ,自隧道另一端穿出浆肌层 ,将输尿管断端自该穿出处拉入隧道。 (3)用两端带针 4 0羊肠线一根从外向内呈“…     

Mesh plug and ureteral necrosis after kidney transplantation

CASE REPORT: We present a 59-year-old male who underwent living related kidney transplantation. During the procedure a previously placed mesh plug was found to be adherent to structures in the vicinity of the area of implantation. After revascularization, neocystouretostomy was performed with the ureter over the spermatic cord in order to avoid excessive dissection through this adherent mass. Shortly thereafter the patient was diagnosed with a ureteral leak and returned to the operating room. The intraoperative findings included adhesion of the ureter to the mesh plug with necrosis of its distal portion. A redo neocystouretostomy was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates a unique cause of a urinary fistula related to mesh plug open inguinal hernia repair and demonstrates the importance of ensuring a safe distance between vital structures and any prosthetic device.     

Late ureteral obstruction after kidney transplantation

Abstract Today, the incidence of urological complications following renal transplantation is 2 %-10 %. Most of these complications occur within the 1st year and affect the distal ureter. We report on two patients who developed very late ureteral obstruction, 14 and 18 years after transplantation. Both patients had rejection episodes 1 and 10 months prior to the ureteral stenosis. Histological examination of one resected ureter revealed findings strongly suggestive of a rejection process. Open surgery with antirefluxive reimplantation into the bladder was successful in both patients, with a postoperative observation time of 20 and 8 months, respectively. We conclude that a percutaneous nephrostomy may be required in patients with rising creatinine and incipient hydronephrosis even long after transplantation has been performed.     

Late ureteral obstruction after kidney transplantation

Today, the incidence of urological complications following renal transplantation is 2%–10%. Most of these complications occur within the 1st year and affect the distal ureter. We report on two patients who developed very late ureteral obstruction, 14 and 18 years after transplantation. Both patients had rejection episodes 1 and 10 months prior to the ureteral stenosis. Histological examination of one resected ureter revealed findings strongly suggestive of a rejection process. Open surgery with antirefluxive reimplantation into the bladder was successful in both patients, with a postoperative observation time of 20 and 8 months, respectively. We conclude that a percutaneous nephrostomy may be required in patients with rising creatinine and incipient hydronephrosis even long after transplantation has been performed.     

祖孙间亲属活体肾移植一例

近年来，随着手术技术的成熟发展、新型免疫抑制剂的临床应用和对术后监护随访工作的日益重视，儿童肾移植在我国大量开展，并取得良好效果。大量资料表明，无论是生存时间还是生存质量，儿童肾移植均优于透析治疗。而儿童亲属活体肾移植相对尸体肾移植，具有成功率高、并发症少、     

The Boari bladder flap: an effective continent stoma for the high‐compliance neurogenic bladder

Study Type – Therapy (case series)
Level of Evidence 4

OBJECTIVE

To determine if a continent urinary stoma can be created effectively using a Boari bladder flap (BBF) technique.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Selected patients (15, eight women and seven men) with a neurogenic bladder and a bladder compliance of >20 mL/cmH₂O had a procedure to create a BBF continent urinary stoma. The technique consisted of tubularising a trapezoidal, full‐thickness detrusor flap 10 cm long, 5–6 cm wide at the base and 2 cm at the tip, over a 12 F catheter, and plication of detrusor muscle around the stomal base. Outcomes after surgery were assessed by reviewing stomal continence, stomal patency, and stability of the upper urinary tract.

RESULTS

Ten BBF procedures were performed using native detrusor muscle, four with enterocystoplasty tissue and one in a defunctionalized bladder. Over a mean follow‐up of 13 months, 11 patients had functioning stomas and 10 of these reported complete stomal continence. The mean change in serum creatinine level from the preoperative baseline for all patients was 0.1 mg/dL. The odds ratio for procedural failure, defined as a stoma unusable for self‐catheterization, was 7.5 (P = 0.04) when the BBF was created from augmented or defunctionalized bladder tissue, compared to native high‐compliance detrusor.

CONCLUSION

A BBF can be used to create a viable, functional stoma in the high‐compliance neurogenic bladder, although the rate of stomal complications is high when the BBF is created from enterocystoplasty tissue.     

357例儿童死亡后器官捐献供肾移植血栓性并发症回顾性分析

目的 回顾性分析本中心儿童死亡后器官捐献(deceased donor,DD)供肾移植血栓性并发症的发生率以及相关影响因素.方法 收集中南大学湘雅二医院2012年1月—2018年12月完成的357例儿童DD供肾移植相关资料,将其分为三组,将297例单肾移植设为组一,60例双肾移植中,32例供体满足三"5"原则(供体年龄...     

肾移植术后长段输尿管狭窄的诊断与开放性手术治疗

目的 总结肾移植术后发生长段输尿管狭窄的诊断方法与手术治疗经验.方法 分析11例肾移植术后发生长段输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料.患者发生长段输尿管狭窄的时间为肾移植术后2～6个月,临床表现为血肌酐升高、体重增加、尿量减少和移植肾区肿胀.所有患者均经B型超声、64层螺旋CT尿路造影(CTU)或磁共振尿路水成像(MRU)确诊,输尿管狭窄长度为3～7 cm.11例患者的治疗方法为:5例行膀胱壁瓣输尿管成形术;2例行供肾肾盂-自体输尿管吻合术;4例行供肾输尿管-自体输尿管吻合术.结果 11例长段输尿管狭窄的患者经开放性手术治疗后,均取得成功,恢复了尿路的通畅.手术时间为2.5～4 h,无明显手术并发症.术后尿量显著增加,血肌酐下降至75～156μmol/L,B型超声示移植肾积水明显减轻或消失.术后随访8～62个月,患者肾功能稳定,无再发狭窄.结论 对肾移植术后出现血肌酐升高等临床特点的患者,应考虑到输尿管狭窄的可能,及时采用B型超声进行常规的检查,采用CTU或MRU明确狭窄的长度及部位;明确诊断后应及时进行开放性手术治疗.肾移植术后的长段输尿管狭窄经早期诊断和及时治疗成功率较高.     

Ureteral stenosis after kidney transplantation

Ureteral obstruction with impaired urine flow is the most common urological complication following renal transplantation. From December 1976 to December 1997, 869 kidney grafts were performed by our kidney transplantation group, 96 from living related donors and 773 from cadaver donors (736 first grafts and 37 regrafts). A stricture of the ureter (SU) was observed in 27 cases with a follow-up ranging from 18 months to 18 years after the graft and 11 months to 11 years after the treatment of the SU. In six patients, SU was immediately apparent and limited to the anastomosis: they were obviously technical flaws. In all the other patients, there was a free interval ranging from 2 months to 11 years after surgery; the SU usually involved the entire ureter, suggesting multiple etiologies. Repeated urinary infections could be a cause but immunological problems might be more determinant. In our series, acute rejection was more common than chronic so that the correction of SU was followed in many cases by a good and long lasting result (up to 11 years). In our experience, SU was not a dangerous complication even in patients in whom for different reasons (mainly refusal of treatment) the therapy was delayed – even if anuria occurred, no case of graft loss or serious damage were observed. At the beginning of our experience, the diagnosis of SU was based on urography, and therapy has always been re-operation. For 15 years, the diagnosis of SU has been based on routine echographic surveillance, which was intensified after each rejection, and the first treatment of SU in the last 8 years was re-operation in early technical SU and interventional radiology (balloon dilatation with or without temporary stent) in other cases. When it failed or in case of recurrence, surgical correction was performed utilizing the native ipsilateral or contralateral ureter for a uretero-ureterostomy. Received: 15 October 1998 Received after revision: 30 March 1999 Accepted: 13 July 1999