燃气／蒸汽联合循环发电装置动向

燃气/燃汽联合循环发电在一些发达国家竞相发展。所谓联合循环发电装置,就是把燃气轮机发电装置和蒸汽轮机发电装置结合起来,利用发电作功后的燃气轮机高温排气加热蒸汽循环的给水,产生蒸汽循环所需要的高温蒸汽,供汽轮机作功发电.也可以直接在增压燃气锅炉里产生燃气推动燃气轮机发电,同时产生高温蒸汽进入蒸汽轮机发电.这种联合循环发电装更,可使然气轮机高温排气得到充分利用。联合循环配合得好,发电效率可比当今先进的超临界蒸汽循环机组的42％高出13个百分点。这对降低发电一次能源消耗具有极大的经济意义。而且联合循环还有调峰、环保等诸多社会效益,联合据环将成为电能生产新潮流,这是理所当然的。 我国改革开放近十年来,经济高速发展,一些地区的电力供需矛盾十分紧张,促使燃气轮机发电装置有了发展.但鉴于现行燃料政策,限制用石油、天然气发电,大容量燃气轮机制造尚未展开,我国联合循环还处于引进消化的起步阶段。     

联合循环发电技术发展状况

0概述 燃气-蒸汽联合循环（GTCC）发电是指燃料在燃气轮机中燃烧产生的高温燃气急速膨胀，推动燃气轮机高速旋转，带动发电机发电，并利用排出烟气的余热（500-650℃），在余热锅炉（HRSG）中产生高压蒸汽，再推动蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电。     

联合循环发电技术及其余热锅炉

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电技术可实现化学能梯级利用,具有很高的效率。余热锅炉处于燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机之间,对联合循环系统效率产生重要影响。本文概述了燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电技术的原理和组成,重点介绍了余热锅炉的结构和热力性能等方面的特点,并对影响余热锅炉性能的有关因素进行了阐述。最后,对余热锅炉的研究方向进行了讨论。     

燃蒸联合循环将成为能源动力发展的重点

本文首先简述了燃蒸联合循环技术相对于简单燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机循环所具有的优势及其在国内外的发展概况，然后对其总效率与燃气、蒸汽循环效率之间的关联进行了简单的讨论。最后对提高效率的措施及几种新的热力循环方案作了分析。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电装置的热力特性及燃气轮机热经济性分析

燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电装置的一个显著特点是具有很高的热效率，而循环系统中的燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机，三者的效率有着相互依存的关系，其中燃气轮机效率对其影响最大。这里仅就燃气轮机热力特性及其热经济性进行分析。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环变工况调节方案对比分析

针对现存PG9351FA燃气轮机对应的燃气-蒸汽联合循环,分析了3类调节方案下燃气轮机循环、蒸汽轮机循环和联合循环的变工况特性.结果表明:针对基准机组,采用IGV调节方案不利于燃气轮机循环高效运行,但有利于联合循环运行;调节方案对蒸汽轮机循环的影响大于燃气轮机循环,故联合循环效率最高的调节方案为尽量维持T4在透平出口极限温度运行,该方案对应联合循环效率在低负荷下比IGV T3-F方案对应联合循环效率提升2%以上;为了变工况运行最佳,应尽可能采用IGV调节方案并且在较高蒸汽轮机循环效率下运行.     

蒸汽回注式燃蒸联合循环装置

据《Теплоэнергетика》2005年4月号报道，在向动力燃气轮机装置的空气和／或燃气通路内喷入蒸汽的警蒸联合装置（пГУ ВП）内，利用燃料燃烧产物（燃气）和汽水工质，它们以蒸汽燃气混合的形式在燃气轮机装置中膨胀。回注蒸汽式燃蒸联合循环装置的特点是工艺过程相当简单和高效率。     

添加H2对9F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组效率的影响

为了对未来混氢燃气轮机的运行提供相关的基础数据与理论指导,研究了向甲烷中添加H2对9F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组效率的影响。基于Aspen Plus软件建立了联合循环模型,其中燃气轮机模型以PG9351FA型燃气轮机为基础,蒸汽轮机模型中的余热锅炉采用三压再热结构。并对燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机和联合循环的输出功率以及效率等进行了分析。结果表明：随着燃料中H2质量分数由0增加到100%,燃气轮机输出功率增加了5.02%,效率增加了1.3%;蒸汽轮机输出功率增加了0.59%,但是蒸汽轮机效率却减小了2.9%;同时,联合循环输出功率增加了3.43%,效率增加了1.2%,因此向甲烷中掺混H2可以提高燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组的经济性。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环的低热值燃料热经济性分析

由于低热值气体燃料中含有大量惰性气体,可燃成分少,发热量低,燃料的体积流量大,因而在燃用低热值气体燃料时,燃气-蒸汽联合循环的特性也发生了变化.分析了压缩比、燃气初温、不同燃料成分对联合循环发电装置热效率的影响;阐述了不同燃料成分时压缩燃料耗功的变化,以及对燃气-蒸汽联合循环装置热效率的影响.对比分析了燃气-蒸汽联合循环与蒸汽循环装置的经济性.     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热锅炉技术研究现状

燃气-蒸汽联合循环技术发展迅速，余热锅炉处于燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机之间，是燃气-蒸汽联合循环电站的三大主要设备之一。论述了国内外关于余热锅炉在受热面布置、烟气流动特性、热力参数优化、快速启停和变工况运行等方面的研宛现状，并指出了其中的不足。对联合循环余热锅炉的研宛开发和优化谩计有一定的参考意义。     

Parametric analysis of a coal based combined cycle power plant

In the present paper thermodynamic analyses, i.e. both energy and exergy analyses have been conducted for a coal based combined cycle power plant, which consists of pressurized circulating fluidized bed (PCFB) partial gasification unit and an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed (ACFB) char combustion unit. Dual pressure steam cycle is considered for the bottoming cycle to reduce irreversibilities during heat transfer from gas to water/steam. The effect of operating variables such as pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature on the performance of combined cycle power plant has been investigated. The pressure ratio and maximum temperature (gas turbine inlet temperature) are identified as the dominant parameters having impact on the combined cycle plant performance. The work output of the topping cycle is found to increase with pressure ratio, while for the bottoming cycle it decreases. However, for the same gas turbine inlet temperature the overall work output of the combined cycle plant increases up to a certain pressure ratio, and thereafter not much increase is observed. The entropy generation, the irreversibilities in each component of the combined cycle and the exergy destruction/losses are also estimated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国的燃气_蒸汽联合循环发电技术前景良好

针对我国能源结构和能源政策,指出燃气－蒸汽联合循环是提高发电效率和解决环境污染的重要途径,尤其是国际公认的最有发展前途的两种燃煤联合循环发电技术;ＩＧＣＣ和ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ。文中简要地介绍了这两种联合循环发电技术。     

9FA型燃气轮机联合循环性能研究

1引言西气东输工程促进了沿线燃气轮机联合循环电厂的建设,减轻了中东部地区的环境排放压力。燃气轮机联合循环发电系统高效低污染、启停迅速、调峰能力强。西气东输管道沿线有25台F级燃气轮机联合循环机组,其中GE公司9FA型燃气轮机联合循环发电机组13台。如何保证系统的稳定安     

Integrated solar combined cycle system with steam methane reforming: Thermodynamic analysis

The present paper considers an integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) with an utilization of solar energy for steam methane reforming. The overall efficiency was compared with the efficiency of an integrated solar combined cycle system with the utilization of solar energy for steam generation for a steam turbine cycle. Utilization of solar energy for steam methane reforming gives the increase in an overall efficiency up to 3.5%. If water that used for steam methane reforming will be condensed from the exhaust gases, the overall efficiency of ISCCS with steam methane reforming will increase up to 6.2% and 8.9% for β = 1.0 and β = 2.0, respectively, in comparison with ISCCS where solar energy is utilized for generation of steam in steam turbine cycle. The Sankey diagrams were compiled based on the energy balance. Utilization of solar energy for steam methane reforming increases the share of power of a gas turbine cycle: two-thirds are in a gas turbine cycle, and one-third is in a steam turbine cycle. In parallel, if solar energy is used for steam generation for a steam turbine cycle, than the shares of power from a gas and steam turbine are almost equal.     

Thermodynamic analysis of an LNG fuelled combined cycle power plant with waste heat recovery and utilization system

This paper has proposed an improved liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuelled combined cycle power plant with a waste heat recovery and utilization system. The proposed combined cycle, which provides power outputs and thermal energy, consists of the gas/steam combined cycle, the subsystem utilizing the latent heat of spent steam from the steam turbine to vaporize LNG, the subsystem that recovers both the sensible heat and the latent heat of water vapour in the exhaust gas from the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) by installing a condensing heat exchanger, and the HRSG waste heat utilization subsystem. The conventional combined cycle and the proposed combined cycle are modelled, considering mass, energy and exergy balances for every component and both energy and exergy analyses are conducted. Parametric analyses are performed for the proposed combined cycle to evaluate the effects of several factors, such as the gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT), the condenser pressure, the pinch point temperature difference of the condensing heat exchanger and the fuel gas heating temperature on the performance of the proposed combined cycle through simulation calculations. The results show that the net electrical efficiency and the exergy efficiency of the proposed combined cycle can be increased by 1.6 and 2.84% than those of the conventional combined cycle, respectively. The heat recovery per kg of flue gas is equal to 86.27 kJ s^?1. One MW of electric power for operating sea water pumps can be saved. The net electrical efficiency and the heat recovery ratio increase as the condenser pressure decreases. The higher heat recovery from the HRSG exit flue gas is achieved at higher gas TIT and at lower pinch point temperature of the condensing heat exchanger. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of parameters affecting the performance of gas turbines and combined cycle plants with vapor absorption inlet air cooling

The integration of an aqua‐ammonia inlet air‐cooling scheme to a cooled gas turbine‐based combined cycle has been analyzed. The heat energy of the exhaust gas prior to the exit of the heat recovery steam generator has been chosen to power the inlet air‐cooling system. Dual pressure reheat heat recovery steam generator is chosen as the combined cycle configuration. Air film cooling has been adopted as the cooling technique for gas turbine blades. A parametric study of the effect of compressor–pressure ratio, compressor inlet temperature, turbine inlet temperature, ambient relative humidity, and ambient temperature on performance parameters of plants has been carried out. It has been observed that vapor absorption inlet air cooling improves the efficiency of gas turbine by upto 7.48% and specific work by more than 18%, respectively. However, on the adoption of this scheme for combined cycles, the plant efficiency has been observed to be adversely affected, although the addition of absorption inlet air cooling results in an increase in plant output by more than 7%. The optimum value of compressor inlet temperature for maximum specific work output has been observed to be 25 °C for the chosen set of conditions. Further reduction of compressor inlet temperature below this optimum value has been observed to adversely affect plant efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

联合循环参数和系统结构优化研究

研究了如何提高余热锅炉型三压再热联合循环系统的效率,应用分析的方法建立了系统效率数学模型,以联合循环系统效率最高作为系统性能的评判标准。在亚临界范围内,对余热锅炉的蒸汽参数进行了优化;针对余热锅炉进气温度对余热锅炉性能的影响进行分析,在此基础上提出燃气轮机排气部分回热利用,并研究了回热利用对联合循环效率的影响。计算结果表明:经余热锅炉优化和排气部分回热利用,在基本负荷下,PG9351FA机组的联合循环热效率可提高1.33%;在75%和50%的负荷下,效率分别提高2.11%和4.17%;而具有再热的GT26机组热效率高达60.73%。     

Energy and exergy analyses of a CFB‐based indirectly fired combined cycle power generation system

Combined cycle configuration has the ability to use the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas using the heat recovery steam generator for the bottoming steam cycle. In the current study, a natural gas‐fired combined cycle with indirectly fired heating for additional work output is investigated for configurations with and without reheat combustor (RHC) in the gas turbine. The mass flow rate of coal for the indirect‐firing mode in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor is estimated based on fixed natural gas input for the gas turbine combustion chamber (GTCC). The effects of pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature, inlet temperatures to the air compressor and to the GTCC on the overall cycle performance of the combined cycle configuration are analysed. The combined cycle efficiency increases with pressure ratio up to the optimum value. Both efficiency and net work output for the combined cycle increase with gas turbine inlet temperature. The efficiency decreases with increase in the air compressor inlet temperature. The indirect firing of coal shows reduced use with increase in the turbine inlet temperature due to increase in the use of natural gas. There is little variation in the efficiency with increase in GTCC inlet temperature resulting in increased use of coal. The combined cycle having the two‐stage gas turbine with RHC has significantly higher efficiency and net work output compared with the cycle without RHC. The exergetic efficiency also increases with increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature. The exergy destruction is highest for the CFB combustor followed by the GTCC. The analyses show that the indirectly fired mode of the combined cycle offers better performance and opportunities for additional net work output by using solid fuels (coal in this case). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环电站机组配置及选型分析

对联合循环电站燃气轮机选型、蒸汽系统的选择、余热锅炉和汽轮机选型、机组轴系配置、动力岛布置、主要辅助设备的选择等方面进行了分析研究,为联合循环电站的设计和研究方向提供了建议。     

提高燃气轮机联合循环电站性能的优化方法

天然气联合循环机组因启停快、运行灵活性好、热效率高、排放清洁、建造周期短而倍受中国市场青睐.围绕如何通过燃气轮机进气系统、主机参数匹配、汽轮机冷端等参数优化来提高联合循环热效率是国内外学者研究的热点.以配有目前市场上最高性能等级燃气轮机的联合循环为研究对象,建立了以提高联合循环热效率为目标的热力计算和分析模型,提出了各段蒸汽压力及温度参数优化匹配方法,并进一步分析、讨论了燃料预热对联合循环热效率的影响.在综合考虑余热锅炉换热温差、汽轮机结构设计等制约因素下得到了一组蒸汽循环的优化参数配置.计算结果表明,相比直接沿用上一代蒸汽循环参数,使用该优化参数配置可大幅度提高联合循环效率,并且使用燃料预热可使循环性能得到进一步改善.