三相异步发电独立电力系统不对称稳态运行分析

建立了三角形接法鼠笼式异步发电机三相负载不对称时独立系统的数学模型,对该独立系统中各电量之间的关系进行分析,计算发电机三相输出电压及绕组电流大小。基于对称分量法,推导出发电机侧正序和负序等效电路,并求出三角形连接的负载侧序电压与序电流之间的关系,进而得出满足发电机稳态运行要求的目标函数,省去了复杂的电路分析。针对稳态运行方程的非线性及复杂性,采用优化算法求解出系统的频率和正序电抗,并以此为基础计算系统的稳态电压值。计算值与实测值吻合度较高,表明所提目标函数的正确性以及所采用优化算法的准确性和有效性。     

Variable-structure torque control of induction motors using space vector modulation

Compared with field orient control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) is known to provide fast and robust response for induction motors. However, while offering high dynamic performance, classical DTC produces notable torque, flux, and current ripples, and operates with a variable inverter switching frequency. In this paper, a novel torque control scheme for induction motors is proposed. The stator flux and the electrical torque are directly controlled by variable-structure controllers, and stator voltage vectors calculated by the variable-structure controllers are applied to the motor by means of space vector modulation. The proposed scheme therefore provides smooth, fast and robust regulations of the electrical torque and the stator flux. Moreover, the implementation of the scheme is simple. Theoretical analysis shows the asymptotical convergence of electrical torque and stator flux tracking. Simulation and experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

先进控制在异步电动机直接转矩控制中的应用

为提高直接转矩定子磁链的观测精度 ,给出了一种新的自适应定子磁链观测器的设计方案 ,它采用正实误差模型下的参数调节率 ,该方案不依赖于定子电阻。最后给出实例 ,仿真结果表明了设计方法的有效性     

考虑负载不确定的异步电机反馈线性化的最小损耗控制

研究异步电机负载变动时基于反馈线性化的最小损耗控制的实现问题。首先分析了异步电机的损耗特性,建立了受电机温度时变参数影响小的最小损耗磁链控制模型,揭示了通过转矩的实时估计对磁链进行控制可实现最小损耗控制。应用微分几何精确线性化的理论,建立了考虑负载转矩不确定性的异步电机反馈线性化模型,实现了转速和磁链的线性化解耦控制,电机转矩的实时估计依据参考模型在电动机反馈线性化控制中实现。异步电机的反馈线性化控制既提高了动态时的响应速度,又实现了稳态时的轻载高效率运行。合理选取控制参数,实现转速、磁链以及转矩估计的渐进收敛。仿真实验表明所提控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

感应电机非线性输出反馈控制变频调速系统

针对以定子电压为控制量的交流感应电机调速系统存在的系统结构复杂、实时计算量大的缺点,提出了一种感应电机的非线性输出反馈控制变频调速方法。该方法依据感应电机的降阶模型,采用非线性输出反馈控制技术设计外环转速与磁链控制器,以滞环比较器作为内环电流跟踪控制器,直接产生PWM信号控制电压源逆变器,驱动感应电机运行,实现了对光滑转速参考信号的渐近跟踪。仿真结果表明该系统不仅具有快速的动态响应性能,而且对负载扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

An automatic torque ripple compensation system for direct drive motors

A serious problem in motion control is the occurrence of torque ripple. Since a direct drive (DD) motor with a magnet rotor uses a rare-earth magnet, the torque ripple is more serious than that of conventional servomotors. This paper presents an auto-compensation of torque ripple using a software-implemented torque observer. The frequency and amplitude of torque ripple can be obtained in the controller by using the estimated torque from an observer, and the autonomous generation of a compensating current component for a torque ripple is possible. The proposed algorithm has been verified by experiments.     

Electromagnetic system of induction torque motors with ball hollow ferromagnetic rotors

The design procedure for three-degree two-phase torque induction motor with hollow ferromagnetic rotor has been suggested. This method allows one to determine the number of poles, basic sizes, and the power consumed by the electric motor according to the prescribed technical conditions for preliminarily chosen values of specific losses.     

A nonlinear tracking control for sensorless induction motors with uncertain load torque

We propose a novel nonlinear tracking control algorithm for induction motors with uncertain load torque in which only stator currents are used for feedback: rotor speed and flux sensors are not required; no open‐loop integration of flux dynamics is used. For a class of reference signals, for sufficiently small computable time‐varying load torque uncertainty and for any initial condition belonging to an explicitly computed region, closed‐loop boundedness is guaranteed while, under persistency of excitation, local exponential rotor speed and flux modulus tracking are achieved in the case of constant load torque. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于无源性的感应电机控制系统设计

感应电机的无源性控制方法从能量的角度分析电机控制系统,具有形式简单、无奇异点、鲁棒性好等特点.本文给出了感应电机的欧拉方程并将感应电机系统分解为电气和机械两个无源子系统的反馈并联,从而说明在设计控制器时只需要考虑电气子系统,简化了控制算法.在此基础上,利用无源性控制原理,设计了电机的转矩和转速控制器.该控制算法具有全局稳定,系统鲁棒性较好的特点.仿真和实验结果均证明了用此算法构成的感应电机控制系统能很好地跟踪速度给定,具有较好的动静态响应能力.     

基于转矩预测的直接转矩控制系统的实现

针对感应电动机直接转矩控制低速时转矩脉动大的问题,分析了转矩脉动的原因,并提出了一种转矩预测方法,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地减小转矩脉动、改善定子磁链和电流波形。     

一种无速度传感器的直接转矩控制方案

基于以电机定子电流和定子磁链为状态变量的状态方程的推导 ,提出了一种速度自适应磁链观测器 ,实现了定子磁链和转速的估计 ;用在无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统中 ,具有一定的实用价值。     

感应电动机时变转矩跟踪的无源性控制器设计

分析了根据无源性控制原理设计感应电动机转矩跟踪控制器的一般步骤和方法，得到了由期望转矩确定期望轨道的方法和方程，根据所设计的期望轨道，给出了对时变的期望转矩进行跟踪控制的无源性控制器的一般设计方法，从而将期望转矩为恒转矩的情形推广到时变的情形。     

基于DSP的新型无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统的研究

将磁链状态预测器应用于直接转矩控制系统中,取代了传统的积分器,同时与一种简单实用的速度估计器成功地结合在一起,实现了系统的无速度传感器运行状态,针对1.1kW异步电机,采用数字信号处理器DSP（TMS320C232）进行了数字化实现,仿真与实验结果表明,该系统对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,速度估算准确,尤其是在较低转速下仍能保持很高的性能。     

High response torque control of IPMSM using state feedback control based on n‐t coordinate system

This paper proposes a torque control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method uses state feedback control based on a new n‐t coordinate system and controls the voltage amplitude and phase based on the coordinate system. The t‐axis is a tangent line of the constant voltage ellipse, and the n‐axis is a normal line of the ellipse. The n‐axis current is utilized to place the poles of the transfer function at the desired position and reduce the mutual coupling between the voltage amplitude controller and phase controller. The proposed method realizes a high torque response even under parameter variation for the linear range and over‐modulation range of the inverter, including a 6‐step mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.     

直接转矩控制在开关磁阻电机中的应用与研究

阐述了开关磁阻电机(SRM)直接转矩控(制DTC)策略的原理,指出直接转矩控制的核心在于电压矢量的选择及开关表的建立,给出了DTC在SRM中应用的具体实现方法。对基于直接转矩控制策略的SRM电机转矩控制进行了仿真及实验研究,仿真结果表明,这种策略能够较好地抑制转矩脉动,系统动静态特性良好,实现方法简单。     

感应电机空间矢量直接转矩控制系统的效率优化

提出了一种感应电机空间矢量直接转矩控制系统的效率最优控制方法。在定子磁链定向坐标系中,建立了计及铁芯损耗的感应电机数学模型。分析了电机损耗与转矩、转速和定子磁链的关系,推导出了不同运行工况条件下效率最优的定子磁链幅值表达式,实现了感应电机直接转矩变频调速系统的效率最优控制。实验结果表明,所提优化控制策略,在保持直接转矩控制快速动态响应特性的同时,可有效提高电机轻载时的运行效率。     

一种无差拍直接转矩控制方法

针对现有的感应电动机无差拍直接转矩控制方法计算比较复杂,且计算得到的两个控制电压与控制对象磁链和转矩不是一一对应的问题,提出了一种在定子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系下进行无差拍直接转矩控制计算方法.由d轴磁链方程推导出磁链无差拍控制电压的计算式;利用和定子磁链相垂直的q轴电流方程,推导出转矩控制电压计算式.计算出的电压矢量由空间电压矢量脉宽调制方法实现.这种方法计算简单,不需要解二次方程,分离的磁链和转矩控制计算有利于控制安排.对采用这种方法的直接转矩控制系统进行仿真表明,系统转矩控制和磁链控制响应快,对参数的变化不敏感.     

Compensation for parameter variation of induction motor improved torque control characteristics in low- and high-speed regions

In the vector control system using the slip frequency control method, the rotor resistance of an induction motor is used to calculate a slip frequency. Thus the change in temperature of the rotor resistance causes the deterioration of the torque control characteristic. This paper presents a new method of compensating for the rotor resistance change which is robust for the stator resistance change. A current control loop is composed of the λ-δ axes in which the λ axis is coincident to the stator current. In this method, the stator voltage error on the δ axis which is directly obtainable from this current control loop was used. The change in the stator voltage was able to be detected accurately, therefore the torque control accuracy was improved, particularly in the low-speed region. The experimental results of the current response and the compensation for the rotor resistance deviation also are shown. Moreover, although the mutual inductance has been treated as an invariable value, the value does change by a frequency and an exciting command. In this control method, an initial tuning of the equivalent mutual inductance was achieved by detecting the deviation component of the stator voltage on the δ axis at the no-load running condition. Furthermore, in the region with the constant power where the field weakening control was achieved, the excellent experimental results of the compensation for the deviation of the equivalent mutual inductance are shown.     

永磁同步电机低脉动直接转矩控制建模与仿真

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)中转矩脉动过大的问题,基于电机的电磁转矩和转矩角之间的函数关系,建立了一种新的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制数学模型.该模型通过控制转矩角实现正圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,有效地减小转矩脉动;通过将转矩角增量直接映射为三相逆变器电子开关的导通时间,避免了磁链工作扇区判别以及电压空间矢量调制(SVM)技术中复杂的数学和逻辑计算.采用Matlab进行软件仿真表明,上述算法可以实现圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,1N·m输出转矩时的转矩脉动不超过0.5%,在抑制转矩脉动、改善电机转子的动态性能方面具有良好的效果.