钙处理对巨峰葡萄贮藏品质的影响

以4年生避雨设施栽培巨峰葡萄为试材,分别采用糖醇钙和硝酸钙两种不同类型的钙肥,叶面、果穗喷施及叶面、果穗喷施结合根际灌施两种施肥方式,研究对采后贮藏期间巨峰葡萄果实品质的综合影响。结果表明：叶面、果穗喷施结合根际灌施1500倍糖醇钙肥处理的果穗重量、果粒重量、可溶性固形物质量分数、硬度和好果率均显著高于对照,贮藏期间果梗褐变程度显著低于对照,钙处理对适度延缓巨峰葡萄采后衰老进程,延长贮藏保鲜时间有积极作用。     

冬季不同修剪方式对高山巨峰葡萄生长及品质的影响

本研究以福建省屏南县巨峰葡萄为研究对象,开展冬季枝梢修剪试验,以探索高海拔山区不同修剪方式对葡萄生长发育的影响。旨为推迟物候期,避开倒春寒。结果表明：冬季采用中、长梢修剪较对照组（短梢修剪）,其新梢粗度,大小果比例、物候期均有显著差异。新梢粗度减少至9.44 mm~10.10 mm,叶面积减少18 %~42 %,有效地削弱枝梢生长势;中、长梢修剪处理的大小果比例从对照的50.22 %分别下降到35.72 %和27.63 %,且果串均匀;物候期推迟近7 d。果实的可溶性固形物提升至20.84 %~21.86 %、可滴定酸下降至0.42 g/ml。本研究结果可为巨峰葡萄的高山种植在控制长势,推迟物候期以及提高果实品质提供理论依据。     

刻伤处理对巨峰葡萄催芽影响的研究

为了解决桂南地区巨峰葡萄春季芽眼经破眠剂处理后萌芽时间不一致的问题,以7年生平棚架巨峰葡萄为试验材料,对结果母枝留5-9芽修剪5个处理,每修剪处理两行共60株。修剪后对所有试材用2.5%单氰胺催芽,同时对每个修剪的2行分别进行刻伤与不刻伤（对照）处理。对每修剪处理随机选取5株树调查5个不同节位修剪的刻伤处理与对照的萌芽率和新梢有花率,并分析其萌发的结果母枝冬芽成花率和结果母枝调查芽有花率。结果表明：刻伤处理可以显著提高中长梢修剪的萌芽率,并有使各节位出现花芽几率均等的趋势,对于短梢修剪没有显著效果。     

温棚对福安巨峰葡萄二次冬果品质影响的试验研究

本文以避雨栽培的巨峰葡萄二次冬果为试材,采用温棚保温和避雨棚土壤覆盖与不覆盖(对照)等8个处理,研究各处理对二次冬果品质及成熟期的影响,经两年试验观测结果表明：温棚保温的巨峰二次冬果可溶性固形物含量最高17.6%,可滴定酸含量最小4.8mg?g-1,与其他处理差异性均达到极显著水平,二次冬果品质最优.果皮最早转色,转色较为整齐,成熟期提早10--20天。因此,温棚保温既能提高福安巨峰葡萄二次冬果品质又有利于冬果提早成熟。     

“两代不同堂”巨峰葡萄冬果试验研究

以4-5年生巨峰葡萄为试验材料,设置了冬果结果母枝粗度、夏季修剪不同留芽数、修剪后涂抹破眠剂时间和冬果产量等处理,观察其对冬果生长及果实品质等的影响,旨在为巨峰葡萄冬果生产提供参考。     

巨峰葡萄早摘心和重摘心对新梢生长发育的影响研究

花前20天以上对巨峰葡萄枝梢进行提早摘心与重摘心,结果显示可以明显促进花穗生长,花穗生长量较对照高33.6%,同时,可以显著促进基部叶片叶面积的扩增,扩增量较对照高55.5%,因此该技术措施有利于结果枝梢基部营养器官与生育器官的生长发育,在生产上有一定的应用价值与推广潜力。     

荒漠区设施延后栽培红地球葡萄生长特性研究

在荒漠区设施延后栽培条件下,将日光温室栽培和露地栽培的4年龄红地球葡萄作为研究对象,进行抽样定株观察,并通过对比试验来了解其生长发育情况,从而为红地球葡萄在荒漠区的设施延后栽培提供生产服务。     

GA3对巨峰葡萄坐果和果实品质的影响

在花期出现连续阴雨天等恶劣天气的情况下,采用GA3处理巨峰葡萄的花序和果穗,研究其对坐果和果实品质的影响。结果表明：落花终期用25mg/L GA3浸蘸花序,花后12d用25mg/L GA3浸蘸果穗,综合表现最好,坐果率高,无核果率可达95%,果粒大小均匀,果穗大小适宜,果实品质较好,有效克服了花期连续阴雨天对巨峰葡萄坐果和果实发育的不良影响。     

阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果膨大期补光对内源激素和果实品质的影响

探索补光对阳光玫瑰(‘Shine Muscat’)葡萄冬季果实(冬果)膨大期内源激素积累及果实品质的影响,以期为提高阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果栽培效益提供理论依据。以2016年定植的阳光玫瑰葡萄为试材,在葡萄冬果膨大期进行每天夜间延长光照6h处理,分别连续延长补光4周、5周和6周,每周采样一次。测定葡萄果实中ZR、IAA、GA₃和ABA 等4种内源激素含量,以及在果实成熟后测定果实品质的相关指标。葡萄冬果夜间补光可以提高果IAA和GA₃的含量,降低ABA的含量,其中补光6周处理的葡萄果实IAA含量较高,比对照高达83.4%,ABA含量比对照低,比对照低达62.30%。补光5周、6周处理对果实GA₃含量提高较为明显。补光可以提高阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果单穗重,单粒重、可溶性固形物的含量,降低可滴定酸含量,有效改善葡萄冬果的品质,可以增加冬果产量,明显增加经济效益。生产上建议在冬果膨大期进行补光处理,能增加冬果生长类激素的含量,增加产量,提高果实品质,其中补光时间以6周效果最好。     

设施栽培中不同光质补光对两个中国樱桃品种生长发育及品质的影响

本研究以设施栽培的中国樱桃诸暨短柄与黑珍珠为试验材料,从果实硬核期到采收期间,分别使用不同功率的LED灯光源、白炽灯光源、商品补光灯光源进行补光,以自然光照作为对照。通过对试材植株生理指标及果实品质指标的测定,发现采用红蓝光比例6:1的LED光源补光显著提高了叶片光合速率并促进了果实发育和果皮着色,功率36 W的LED补光处理使诸暨短柄与黑珍珠果实平均单果重达到2.90 g与2.48 g,可溶性固形物含量达到17.63%与14.67%。LED补光对于促进樱桃营养生长,提高果实品质具有积极作用,是值得研究推广的樱桃产业技术。     

生物农药阿泰灵及其减药组合对巨峰葡萄感病率及果实品质的影响

为实现葡萄产业的绿色生产,探索生物农药施用对巨峰葡萄生产的影响。以9年生巨峰葡萄为研究材料,喷施不同次数浓度为0.1 %阿泰灵,并搭配减施化学农药,寻求最佳施用方式。结果表明：阿泰灵可显著降低植株感病率,促进叶片生长,感病率T2：11.63 %、T3：11.37 %、T4：10.99 %较CK差异显著。搭配化学农药减施T2-1、T3-2、T4-2较对照组（T2、T3、T4）感病率未有明显差异,果实品质提升显著,可溶性固形物分别达21.01 %、20.93 %、21.98 %,均高于对照,T3-2果实总糖含量提升15.2 %。     

Hormonal patterns of boars exposed to natural or supplemental lighting during pubertal development

Thirty-two crossbred boars (Hampshire X Duroc X Yorkshire) were reared under natural lighting (35 lx) or supplemental lighting (1,400 lx) beginning at 4 wk of age. Boars received supplemental lighting from six 40-W fluorescent bulbs between 0530 and 2030 in a nursery unit. From 9 to 32 wk of age, boars received either natural lighting (30 lx) or supplemental lighting (100 lx) in a growing-finishing unit. Blood samples were collected from indwelling cannulae at 20-min intervals for 6 h every 2 wk from 2.5 to 7 mo of age. Libido scores were evaluated during alternate weeks when intensive blood samples were not taken. Libido scores were not different between natural and supplemental lighting treatments (P greater than .30). However, at 122 d of age, libido scores of boars exposed to supplemental lighting tended to be higher (P = .10) than those exposed to natural lighting. Although mean serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) were higher (P less than .05) in boars at 75, 89, 103 and 131 d of age reared under supplemental lighting than boars of the same age reared under natural lighting, the number of LH secretory spikes was similar between the treatment groups (P = .39). Serum concentrations of LH decreased in both treatment groups as boars became older (P less than .05). However, the incidence of LH spikes was similar across ages and between treatment groups from 2.5 to 7 mo of age. Mean serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone were similar between treatments (P greater than .75).     

Reproductive responses of rabbit does to a supplemental lighting program

The objective was to investigate whether the productivity of rabbit does can be improved, when natural photoperiod is decreasing, by adopting a supplemental lighting program. Three experiments were conducted involving two groups: control, submitted to the natural decreasing photoperiod, and supplemented with a lighting program which provided 14 h light/24 h beginning at 10 weeks of age. In the first experiment, 20 nulliparous does, 10 from each group, were euthanized 8 h after being presented to a buck; the overall number of follicles, whose diameter exceeded 1 mm, was determined macroscopically. The right ovaries were collected, histologically analyzed, and electronically measured. In the second experiment, 30 nulliparous does, 15 from each group, were presented to a buck (day 1). Receptive does were euthanized on day 8 to evaluate embryonic survival (number of normal embryos/ovulation rate). In the third experiment, 48 nulliparous does, 24 from each group, were followed from the first presentation to the buck until the weaning of the first litter. The effect of treatment on reproductive and body weight traits of does, and litter performance traits, at birth and weaning, was evaluated. The average number of follicles whose diameter exceeded 1 mm was higher in the treatment group (12.05±1.07 vs. 8.63±1.00, P=0.037). Receptive does of the treatment group had heavier ovaries relative to those of the control group (790±59 vs. 470±64 mg, P=0.004), whereas no treatment difference regarding this trait was found for non-receptive ones. Treatment had a favorable effect on pregnancy rate of total exposed and of receptive does (80.0% vs. 33.3%, P=0.01, and 92.3% vs. 50.0%, P=0.02, respectively). The number of underdeveloped embryos was lower (0.067±0.380 vs. 2.500±0.455, P=0.004), embryonic survival up to day 8, and uterus weight was higher in the treatment group (0.839±0.075 vs. 0.534±0.087, P=0.033 and 13.83±0.72 vs. 10.99±0.84, P=0.037, respectively). Number of presentations tended to be lower (1.32±0.17 vs. 1.75±0.16, P=0.077) and adjusted litter size in the first reproductive cycle tended to be higher (7.09±0.89 vs. 5.22±0.68, P=0.091) in the treatment group relative to the control group. A supplemental lighting program providing 14 h light/24 h favors reproductive performance of primiparous does; its application may be recommended to increase productivity when natural photoperiod is decreasing.     

光照在肉鸭生产中的应用研究

用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭900只,采用二因素三水平的完全随机设计研究光照制度对肉鸭生产性能和脂肪沉积的影响.结果表明,光照制度和公母的分群方式分别对肉鸭的日增重有显著影响(P＜0.05)和极显著影响(P＜0.01);对肉鸭的死亡率和饲料转化率均无显著影响(P＞0.05);对肉鸭的腹脂率和皮脂率均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01).以间隙光照制和公母分群饲养的效果最好.     

断根方法对高山巨峰葡萄旺树的控制及物候期延迟的效果研究

本研究以巨峰葡萄为研究对象,探索在高海拔山区运用不同断根方式对旺树枝叶生长及物候期的影响。结果表明：不同断根处理较对照组（未断根）,其物候期、生长势、果实品质均有显著差异。其中离植株40 cm处挖30 cm宽环状沟,沟深40 cm处理,萌芽期推迟16 d、新梢粗度下降39.4 %、叶面积下降66.5 %、小果率下降47.5 %,显著低于对照;可溶性固形物提升至21.9 %,花色苷提升1.2 %,总糖提升至122.2 mg/ml,显著高于对照。断根处理可有效推迟物候期,削弱地上部生长,提高果实品质。本试验结果可为高海拔山区种植的巨峰葡萄在控制长势,推迟物候期以及提高果实品质提供理论依据。     

不同种类纤维素酶对人工瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦阉公牛，体外人工瘤胃试验按不同纤维素酶的添加量分为6个组。分别是复合纤维素酶组（66．7、200、100mg／kg）和单一纤维素酶组（66．7、200、100mg／kg），人工瘤胃培养96h，测定产气量、瘤胃液PH值、干物质消失率、培养液中的NH3-N、TVFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的产量，用以确定人工瘤胃内添加纤维素酶对瘤胃发酵的影响、试验结果表明：从产气量上看，复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组的产气量最大，96h时比对照组多产气23．7％（P〈0．05），产气量最小的是单一纤维素酶66．7mg／kg组，与对照组相比差异不显著（p〉0．05）：从pH值看．96h除复合纤维素酶3组比对照组低0．2，其余各组差异均不显著（P〉0.05））；96h复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组的干物质消失率比对照组高7．57％，其次是复合纤维素酶200mg／kg组比对照组高5．6％；NH3-N含量从0h～24h逐渐下降24h时最低，24h～96hNH3-N含量逐渐上升。12h～96h复合纤维素酶3组的NH3-N浓度在各组中均最高。分别比对照组高0．92、2．74、3、6、4．3mg／100ml，其余各组差异均不显著；96h，复合纤维素酶3的乙酸和TVFA含量最大．比对照组高7．62和9．16mmol／L（p〈0．05）结论：复合纤维素酶效果优于单一纤维素酶，其中复合纤维素酶100mg／kg组试验效果最好。     

奶牛日粮加锌对营养物质表观消化率的影响研究

选择8头泌乳前期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计,研究奶牛日粮加锌对营养物质全消化道表观消化率的影响。试验分为4组,每组2头,其中A为对照组(基础日粮);B组(基础日粮 20mg/kgZn);C组(基础日粮 40mg/kgZn);D组(基础日粮 60mg/kgZn),试验期分3个阶段,共3个月。结果表明:B组、C组和D组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的全消化道表观消化率均比A组有增强的趋势,但均差异不显著(p>0.05)。