Bifurcation of Limit Cycles of a Perturbed Pendulum Equation

This paper investigates the limit cycle bifurcation problem of the pendulum equation on the cylinder of the form $\dot{x}=y, \dot{y}=-\sin x$ under perturbations of polynomials of $\sin x$, $\cos x$ and $y$ of degree $n$ with a switching line $y=0$. We first prove that the corresponding first order Melnikov functions can be expressed as combinations of anti-trigonometric functions and the complete elliptic functions of first and second kind with polynomial coefficients in both the oscillatory and rotary regions for arbitrary $n$. We also verify the independence of coefficients of these polynomials. Then, the lower bounds for the number of limit cycles are obtained using their asymptotic expansions with $n=1,2,3$.     

Two general centre producing systems for the Poincar\'{e} problem

We consider the polynomial system $\td{x}{t}=-y-ax^{s+3}y^{n-s-3}-bx^{s+1}y^{n-s-1},$\, $\td{y}{t}=x+cx^{s+2}y^{n-s-2} + dx^sy^{n-s}$ where $n \ge 3$ is an odd integer and $s=0, \dots, n-3$ is an even integer. We calculate the first three nonzero Lyapunov coefficients for the system and obtain a Gr\"obner basis for the ideal generated by them. Potential centre conditions for the system are obtained by setting the basis elements equal to zero and solving the resulting system. This gives five basic solutions and within this set we find two well known classes of centres and three new centre producing systems. One of the three is a variant of one of the other new systems, so we obtain two general independent systems which produce multiple centre conditions for each $n \ge 5.$     

LIMIT CYCLES OF THE GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL LINARD DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Using the averaging theory of first and second order we study the maximum number of limit cycles of generalized Linard differential systems{x = y + εh_l~1(x) + ε~2h_l~2(x),y=-x- ε(f_n~1(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~1(x)) + ∈~2(f_n~2(x)y~(2p+1) + g_m~2(x)),which bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center x = y,y=-x,where ε is a small parameter.The polynomials h_l~1 and h_l~2 have degree l;f_n~1and f_n~2 have degree n;and g_m~1,g_m~2 have degree m.p ∈ N and[·]denotes the integer part function.     

Upper Bound of the Number of Zeros for Abelian Integrals in a Kind of Quadratic Reversible Centers of Genus One

By using the methods of Picard-Fuchs equation and Riccati equation, we study the upper bound of the number of zeros for Abelian integrals in a kind of quadratic reversible centers of genus one under polynomial perturbations of degree $n$. We obtain that the upper bound is $7[(n-3)/2]+5$ when $n\ge 5$, $8$ when $n=4$, $5$ when $n=3$, $4$ when $n=2$, and $0$ when $n=1$ or $n=0$, which linearly depends on $n$.     

Upper bounds for the associated number of zeros of Abelian integrals for two classes of quadratic reversible centers of genus one

In this paper, by using the method of Picard-Fuchs equation and Riccati equation, we study the upper bounds for the associated number of zeros of Abelian integrals for two classes of quadratic reversible centers of genus one under any polynomial perturbations of degree $n$, and obtain that their upper bounds are $3n-3$ ($n\geq 2$) and $18\left[\frac{n}{2}\right]+3\left[\frac{n-1}{2}\right]$ ($n\geq 4$) respectively, both of the two upper bounds linearly depend on $n$.     

Bifurcation of limit cycles from the global center of a class of integrable non-Hamilton systems

In this paper, we consider the bifurcation of limit cycles for system $\dot{x}=-y(x^2+a^2)^m,~\dot{y}=x(x^2+a^2)^m$ under perturbations of polynomials with degree n, where $a\neq0$, $m\in \mathbb{N}$. By using the averaging method of first order, we bound the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from periodic orbits of the center of the unperturbed system. Particularly, if $m=2, n=5$, the sharp bound is 5.     

关于丢番图方程(an)x+(bn)y=(cn)z

设n,a,b,c是正整数,gcd(a,b,c)=1,a,b≥3,且丢番图方程a~x+b~y=c~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).证明了若(x,y,z)是丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z的正整数解且(x,y,z)≠(1,1,1),则yzz或xzy.还证明了当(a,b,c)=(3,5,8),(5,8,13),(8,13,21),(13,21,34)时,丢番图方程(an)~x+(bn)~y=(cn)~z只有正整数解(x,y,z)=(1,1,1).     

A linear estimation to the number of zeros for Abelian integrals in a kind of quadratic reversible centers of genus one

In this paper, using the method of Picard-Fuchs equation and Riccati equation, we consider the number of zeros for Abelian integrals in a kind of quadratic reversible centers of genus one under arbitrary polynomial perturbations of degree $n$, and obtain that the upper bound of the number is $2\left[{(n+1)}/{2}\right]+$ $\left[{n}/{2}\right]+2$ ($n\geq 1$), which linearly depends on $n$.     

LIMIT CYCLES AND BIFURCATION CURVES FOR THE QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM （III）m=0 HAVING THREE ANTI-SADDLES （I）

For the quadratic system: x=-y δx lx2 ny2, y=x(1 ax-y) under conditions -10 the author draws in the (a, ()) parameter plane the global bifurcationdiagram of trajectories around O(0,0). Notice that when na2 l < 0 the system has one saddleN(0,1/n) and three anti-saddles.     

On the Number of Limit Cycles in Small Perturbations of a Piecewise Linear Hamiltonian System with a Heteroclinic Loop

In this paper, the authors consider limit cycle bifurcations for a kind of nonsmooth polynomial differential systems by perturbing a piecewise linear Hamiltonian system with a center at the origin and a heteroclinic loop around the origin. When the degree of perturbing polynomial terms is n(n ≥ 1), it is obtained that n limit cycles can appear near the origin and the heteroclinic loop respectively by using the first Melnikov function of piecewise near-Hamiltonian systems, and that there are at most n + [(n+1)/2] limit cycles bifurcating from the periodic annulus between the center and the heteroclinic loop up to the first order in ε. Especially, for n = 1, 2, 3 and 4, a precise result on the maximal number of zeros of the first Melnikov function is derived.     

The Existence of Almost periodic Solutions of Singularly Perturbed Systems

First the author considers the system (1)$\frac{dx}{dt}=f(t,x,y,\varepsilon),\varepsilon\frac{dy}{dt}=g(t,x,y,\varepsilon)$ and its degenerate system (2)$\frac{dx}{dt}=f(t,x, y, 0), g(f, x, y, 0) =0$. In both noncritical and critical cases, sufficient conditions are established for the existence of almost periodic solutions of system (1) near the given solutions of system (2). The main method of proof is that, by performing suitable transformation, the author establishes exponential dichotomies, and then applies the theory of integral manifolds. Secondly, for the autonomous system (3) $\frac{dx}{dt}=f(x,y,\varepsilon),\varepsilon\frac{dy}{dt}=g(x,y,\varepsilon)$, analogous results are obtained by performing the generalized normal coordinate transformation.     

On the limit cycles for a class of generalized Kukles differential systems

In this paper, we consider the limit cycles of a class of polynomial differential systems of the form $\dot{x}=-y, \hspace{0.2cm} \dot{y}=x-f(x)-g(x)y-h(x)y^{2}-l(x)y^{3},$ where $f(x)=\epsilon f_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}f_{2}(x),$ $g(x)=\epsilon g_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}g_{2}(x),$ $h(x)=\epsilon h_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}h_{2}(x)$ and $l(x)=\epsilon l_{1}(x)+\epsilon^{2}l_{2}(x)$ where $f_{k}(x),$ $g_{k}(x),$ $h_{k}(x)$ and $l_{k}(x)$ have degree $n_{1},$ $n_{2},$ $n_{3}$ and $n_{4},$ respectively for each $k=1,2,$ and $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. We obtain the maximum number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear center $\dot{x}=-y,$ $\dot{y}=x$ using the averaging theory of first and second order.     

The Hilbert number of a class of differential equations

The notion of Hilbert number from polynomial differential systems in the plane of degree $n$ can be extended to the differential equations of the form \[\dfrac{dr}{d\theta}=\dfrac{a(\theta)}{\displaystyle \sum_{j=0}^{n}a_{j}(\theta)r^{j}} \eqno(*)\] defined in the region of the cylinder $(\tt,r)\in \Ss^1\times \R$ where the denominator of $(*)$ does not vanish. Here $a, a_0, a_1, \ldots, a_n$ are analytic $2\pi$--periodic functions, and the Hilbert number $\HHH(n)$ is the supremum of the number of limit cycles that any differential equation $(*)$ on the cylinder of degree $n$ in the variable $r$ can have. We prove that $\HHH(n)= \infty$ for all $n\ge 1$.     

Integrability Conditions for Lotka-Volterra Planar Complex Quartic Systems Having Homogeneous Nonlinearities

In this paper we investigate the integrability problem for the two-dimensional Lotka-Volterra complex quartic systems which are linear systems perturbed by fourth degree homogeneous polynomials, that is, we consider systems of the form $\dot{x}=x(1-a_{30}x^{3}-a_{21} x^{2} y-a_{12}x y^{2} -a_{03}y^{3})$ , $\dot{y}=-y(1-b_{30}x^{3}-b_{21} x^{2} y-b_{12}x y^{2}-b_{03} y^{3})$ . Conditions for the integrability of this system are found. From them the center conditions for corresponding real system can be derived. The study relays on making use of algorithms of computational algebra based on the Groebner basis theory. To simplify laborious manipulations with polynomial modular arithmetics is involved.     

Algebraic invariant curves for the Liénard equation

Odani has shown that if then after deleting some trivial cases the polynomial system does not have any algebraic invariant curve. Here we almost completely solve the problem of algebraic invariant curves and algebraic limit cycles of this system for all values of and . We give also a simple presentation of Yablonsky's example of a quartic limit cycle in a quadratic system.

     

关于数论函数$\sigma(n)$的一个注记

对于两个不相同的正整数$m$和$n$, 如果满足$\sigma(m)=\sigma(n)=m+n$, 则称之为一对亲和数, 这里$\sigma(n)=\sum_{d|n}d$.本文给出了$f(x,y)=x^{2^{x}}+y^{2^{x}}(x>y\geq{1},(x,y)=1)$不与任何正整数构成亲和数对的结论, 这里$x$,$y$具有不同的奇偶性, 即, 关于$z$的方程$\sigma(f(x,y))=\sigma(z)=f(x,y)+z$不存在正整数解.     

Chebyshev Spectral Methods and the Lane-Emden Problem

The three-dimensional spherical polytropic Lane-Emden problem is $y_{rr}+(2/r) y_{r} + y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{r}(0)=0$ where $m \in [0, 5]$ is a constant parameter. The domain is $r \in [0, \xi]$ where $\xi$ is the first root of $y(r)$. We recast this as a nonlinear eigenproblem, with three boundary conditions and $\xi$ as the eigenvalue allowing imposition of the extra boundary condition, by making the change of coordinate $x \equiv r/\xi$: $y_{xx}+(2/x) y_{x}+ \xi^{2} y^{m}=0, y(0)=1, y_{x}(0)=0,$ $y(1)=0$. We find that a Newton-Kantorovich iteration always converges from an $m$-independent starting point $y^{(0)}(x)=\cos([\pi/2] x), \xi^{(0)}=3$. We apply a Chebyshev pseudospectral method to discretize $x$. The Lane-Emden equation has branch point singularities at the endpoint $x=1$ whenever $m$ is not an integer; we show that the Chebyshev coefficients are $a_{n} \sim constant/n^{2m+5}$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. However, a Chebyshev truncation of $N=100$ always gives at least ten decimal places of accuracy — much more accuracy when $m$ is an integer. The numerical algorithm is so simple that the complete code (in Maple) is given as a one page table.     

Dynamics of Some Three-Dimensional Lotka–Volterra Systems

We characterize the dynamics of the following two Lotka–Volterra differential systems:

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{lll} \dot{x}=x(r+a y+b z), &{} &{} \dot{x}=x(r+ax+b y+c z),\\ \dot{y}=y(r-a x+c z), &{} \quad \text{ and }\quad \quad &{} \dot{y}=y(r+a x+dy+e z),\\ \dot{z}=z(r-b x-c y), &{} &{} \dot{z}=z(r+a x+d y+fz). \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

We analyze the biological meaning of the dynamics of these Lotka–Volterra systems

     

One Dimensional Reduction of a Renewal Equation for a Measure-Valued Function of Time Describing Population Dynamics

Acta Applicandae Mathematicae - This paper study the type of integrability of differential systems with separable variables $\dot{x}=h\left (x\right )f\left (y\right )$ , $\dot{y}= g\left (y\right...     

具有特殊类型端口的极小曲面的构造

We proved that there exists a family of complete oriented minimal surfaces in R3 with finite total curvature-4nπ,each of which has 0 genus and two ends,and both of the ends have winding order n,where n ∈ N,and discussed the symmetric property for special parameters.