射频消融肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性房颤20例

目的观察电生理标测指导下肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性房颤的临床疗效.方法阵发性房颤患者20例,环状电极指示下对肺静脉行射频消融电隔离术.结果20例患者共接受心脏大静脉电隔离治疗28次(6例进行了第2次,1例进行了第3次),隔离静脉68根,肺静脉62根,上腔静脉6根,在房颤心律下消融58根,62根肺静脉中54根达到消触终点.平均操作时间和X线透视时间分别为(120±18)min和(32±9)min.平均随访(5.0±2.3)个月,示13例无房颤发作、2例房颤发作明显减少,总有效率达75%.结论肺静脉电隔离术治疗阵发性房颤具有较好临床疗效.     

射频消融治疗阵发性房颤46例护理体会

心房颤动（房颤）是非常常见的一种心律失常,轻者影响生活质量,重者可致残、致死。房颤是脑卒中和心衰最强烈的独立危险因素。然而,药物治疗房颤用于转复和维持窦性心律疗效差,副作用明显,长期以来房颤缺乏安全有效的节律控制方法。近来,房颤导管消融取得了长足进展,     

阵发性心房颤动合并病态窦房结综合征的导管射频消融心房-大静脉电隔离

目的 　总结顽固性阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )伴病态窦房结综合征 (病窦综合征 )患者的心电图和动态心电图特点 ,评估心脏起搏和导管射频消融进行心房 肺静脉电隔离治疗的结果。　方法　 8例阵发性房颤患者 ,年龄 (6 0 7± 6 8)岁 ,5例有黑、 1例有晕厥发作史 ,病史 1～ 2 0 (7 6±6 0 )年。全部病例完成各项临床常规检查后行心内电生理检查和导管射频消融作心房 肺 (或上腔 )静脉电隔离治疗。　结果　 8例患者中 ,房颤每天均有发作的 5例 ,每周发作数次的 3例 ,有 4例植入心脏起搏器后不能控制发作。动态心电图示房颤终止后的平均窦性停搏时间为 (5 0± 1 9)s。心内电生理检查证实与房颤相关的靶静脉为上腔静脉 2例 ,左上肺静脉 3例 ,有 3例未能确定起源点。作射频消融电隔离大静脉共 2 2根 ,平均随访 (2 78±15 9)d ,无房颤发作 6例 (75 % ) ,2例复发病例行第 2次电隔离后分别随访 2个月和 2 5个月 ,均再无房颤发生。其中未植入起搏器的 4例多次动态心电图复查无窦性停搏发生 ,2 4h总心率均在正常范围。　结论　部分阵发性房颤伴病窦综合征的患者 ,导管射频消融电隔离大静脉能够完全消除房颤的发作 ,窦房结功能可以恢复 ,这一现象说明部分慢 快综合征患者的病窦综合征表现可能是继发性和可逆性的     

阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融大静脉电隔离治疗

目的报道阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉和腔静脉的疗效。方法阵发性房颤患者36例,年龄(42.5±13.2)岁。经1次房间隔穿刺放置环状标测电极导管(Lasso导管)和冷盐水灌注消融导管,在Lasso导管的指导下,采用全肺静脉或上腔静脉与靶静脉节段性电隔离相结合的方法对肺静脉和腔静脉行标测和电隔离治疗。窦性心律时最早激动的肺静脉和腔静脉电位处和/或心房起搏时最短的心房和静脉电位间期处为靶点行消融。结果36例阵发性房颤患者均接受一次电隔离治疗,共电隔离大静脉115根,其中左上肺静脉34根,左下肺静脉22根,右上肺静脉30根,右下肺静脉17根,上腔静脉12根,即刻电隔离成功率为95.6%,术中并发症发生率2.78%。随访3~22个月,成功率(无房颤发作或房颤发作明显减少)为75.0%。结论射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉或腔静脉与心房间的电活动连接,可有效预防房颤的复发。治疗的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定。     

对心房颤动射频导管消融治疗的再认识

自1998年起,心房颤动(房颤)的导管消融治疗就成为临床心电生理学研究的持续热点,目前在国外部分医疗中心,单中心房颤导管消融的治疗例数已逾千例。近2年多来,随着治疗主要技术的日臻完善,不仅其成功率再创新高,适应证扩展至几乎整个房颤临床谱,而且临床研究的结果还对房颤机制的研究产生了重要影响(即所谓“learningbyburning”)。因此可以说,晚近有关房颤导管消融的临床实践已经从一定程度上更新了对这项治疗本身乃至房颤机制的若干认识,并很可能成为未来房颤治疗的主要方法。肺静脉电隔离术　　肺静脉电隔离术是现阶段房颤导管消融治疗的…     

预激综合征伴房颤射频消融治疗的探讨

目的观察房室旁路射频消融术与房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术两种消融方法治疗预激综合征伴心房颤动患者的疗效。方法本研究纳入58例预激伴房颤患者,随机分为两组,一组为单纯行房室旁路射频消融术(单纯组)36例,另一组为房室旁路射频消融术联合环肺静脉电隔离术(联合组)22例,术后随访两组患者房颤的复发情况。结果最长随访42个月,最短随访3个月,两组随访期间均无一例患者发生房颤(p>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论在预激伴房颤患者中,房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术不优于单纯房室旁路消融术;房室旁路消融术可减少预激伴房颤患者的房颤再发率。     

导管射频消融电隔离肺静脉治疗局灶性心房颤动一例

导管射频消融治疗起源于肺静脉的局灶性心房颤动 (房颤 )是近年来心律失常介入治疗领域的热点 ,但由于复发率较高以及出现肺静脉狭窄等并发症 ,对其方法学有很大争议。近来我们对 1例局灶性房颤通过射频消融左肺静脉口成功的造成肺静脉与左心房之间的电隔离 ,现报道如下。　　资料和方法　患者男性 ,6 3岁 ,有阵发性心悸病史 10年 ,心电图和动态心电图示频发房性早搏 (房早 ) ,可见“Ｐ在Ｔ上”房早诱发短阵房颤 ,持续数分钟和数小时。平时房颤发作频繁 ,多种抗心律失常药物治疗无效。此次因发作房颤入院。入院诊断 :阵发性房颤 ,冠心病、陈…     

病态窦房结综合征合并心房颤动与心房纤维化的关系

<正>病态窦房结综合征(sick sinus syndrome,SSS),是一类以窦房结症状性功能障碍为特点的症候群,临床表现为缓慢型心律失常或慢-快型心律失常综合征等~([1-2])。病窦综合征患者常合并心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF),通常为阵发性AF,多项研究表明了它们之间的高度相关性~([1,3-5])。Alonso等将ARIC研究和CHS研究两项大型队列研究数据合并分析发     

心房颤动与病态窦房结综合征的关系

目的对心房颤动(Af)与病态窦房结综合征(SSS)进行相关性分析。方法对166例常规心电图检查为阵发性Af的住院者依次于第1次、24h动态心电图(DCG)检查后半年、1年、2年、3年分别再次进行24h检查。观察其SSS患病率。结果166例阵发性Af者检出SSS数逐年递增。结论阵发性Af明显增加SSS患病率。     

特殊心房起搏算式对病态窦房结综合征阵发房颤疗效的观察

目的评价Vitatron Selection 900E或9000起搏器预防病窦综合征患者阵发房颤的疗效。方法28例病窦综合征伴阵发房颤患者植入Vitatron Selection 900E或9000起搏器。起搏器植入后2周内为稳定期,主要调整、优化感知和起搏参数;稳定期后1月为监测期,打开起搏器的房颤监测功能,观察房颤发生情况;其后根据监测阶段记录到的房颤可能的发生机制,启动相应的房颤预防性起搏算式。结果15例患者启动房早抑制;18例启动房早后反应;22例启动起搏调控;2例启动动运后频率控制;1例启动频率修整;2例启动房颤后反应。房颤预防阶段期与监测期相比,房颤负荷(11.4±6.8 vs 14.2±8.3)、阵发房颤数(112.1±87.6 vs130.6±98.5)均降低(P<0.5)。结论特殊心房起搏算式能减少病窦综合征患者房颤的发作次数,但要有效控制房颤,仍然需要配合药物等治疗。     

Pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic sinus bradycardia or pauses

Introduction: Sick sinus syndrome is commonly associated with tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias that often are symptomatic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pulmonary vein isolation in patients with sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods and Results: Three hundred fourteen consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary vein isolation between December 2000 and January 2002 were included in the study. Thirty-one patients had sick sinus syndrome, which was defined as a preprocedural history of symptomatic sinus bradycardia or pauses. Endpoints included AF recurrence, change in the frequency of sinus pauses, and symptoms of presyncope or syncope, as well as mean heart rate and percentage of atrial pacing in patients with pacemakers implanted prior to the pulmonary vein isolation. Patients had AF for an average of 6 ± 3 years. Patients were 58 ±8 years old and had ejection fractions of 55 ± 4%. Sixty-one percent had implanted pacemakers. AF recurred within 6 months in 4 patients. Two had a successful second pulmonary vein isolation procedure. There were no recurrences of presyncopal events (P < 0.05) or documented sinus pauses (P < 0.05) after successful pulmonary vein isolation in the patients without permanent pacemakers. Patients with pacemakers had a 13-fold reduction in the percentage of atrial pacing (P < 0.05). Both groups showed a significant increase in average heart rates at 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion: Cure of AF by pulmonary vein isolation helped resolve the clinical manifestations of sick sinus syndrome, suggesting that the occurrence of AF and/or the associated treatment could be partially responsible for sick sinus syndrome. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 784-789, July 2004)     

Left atrial flutter after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation

We report an arrhythmic complication in two patients in whom a procedure directed at isolating one or two pulmonary veins had been performed. The complication was related to pulmonary vein disconnection scars after ablation. Both patients developed new clinical tachycardia (atypical atrial flutter) secondary to a reentrant phenomena in the vicinity of a previously ablated pulmonary vein.     

经导管射频消融治疗老年阵发性心房颤动的有效性和安全性

目的 研究老年阵发性心房颤动（房颤）患者接受经导管射频消融的有效性与安全性.方法 71例阵发性房颤患者根据年龄分为中青年组（＜65岁）和老年组（≥65岁）.应用环肺静脉线性消融电隔离术根治房颤.随访时间为6～36个月.比较两组射频消融治疗房颤的手术成功率、手术时间、并发症等指标.结果 老年组首次手术成功率为88.89%,中青年组为77.78%,两组间无统计学差异（P=0.343）.老年组与中青年组手术时间分别为（197.4±2.63） min及（200.3±2.65） min,两组间无统计学差异（P＞0.343）.曝光时间老年组长于中青年组（P＜0.01）.两组各发生1例穿刺部位血肿并发症,均未出现心包填塞、肺静脉狭窄及左房食管瘘等严重并发症.结论 与中青年相比,老年阵发性房颤患者接受经导管环肺静脉线性消融同样安全、有效.     

Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: Elimination of the initiating focus within the pulmonary vein (PV) using radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a new treatment modality for treatment of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. However, information on the long-term safety of RF ablation within the PV is limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 102 patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation and at least one initiating focus from the PV, series transesophageal echocardiography was performed to monitor the effect of RF ablation on the PV. There were 66 foci in the right upper PV and 65 foci in the left upper PV. Within 3 days of ablation, 26 of the ablated right upper PVs (39%) had increased peak Doppler flow velocity (mean 130+/-28 cm/sec, range 106 to 220), and 15 of the ablated left upper PVs (23%) had increased peak Doppler flow velocity (mean 140+/-39 cm/sec, range 105 to 219). Seven patients had increased peak Doppler flow velocity in both upper PVs. No factor (including age, sex, site of ablation, number of RF pulses, pulse duration, and temperature) could predict PV stenosis after RF ablation. Three patients with stenosis of both upper PVs experienced mild dyspnea on exertion, but only one had mild increase of pulmonary pressure. There was no significant change of peak and mean flow velocity and of PV diameter in sequential follow-up studies up to 16 (209+/-94 days) months. CONCLUSION: Focal PV stenosis is observed frequently after RF catheter ablation applied within the vein, but usually is without clinical significance. However, ablation within multiple PVs might cause pulmonary hypertension and should be considered a limiting factor in this procedure.     

Arterial thromboembolism in patients with sick sinus syndrome: prediction from pacing mode, atrial fibrillation, and echocardiographic findings

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether thromboembolism in sick sinus syndrome can be predicted by pacing mode, atrial fibrillation, or echocardiographic findings. METHODS: Patients were randomised to single chamber atrial (n = 110) or ventricular (n = 115) pacing. They were divided into subgroups with and without brady-tachy syndrome at time of randomisation. The occurrence of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism during follow up were investigated and compared with echocardiographic findings. RESULTS: The annual risk of thromboembolism was 5.8% in patients with brady-tachy syndrome randomised to ventricular pacing, 3.2% in patients without brady-tachy syndrome randomised to ventricular pacing, 3% in patients with brady-tachy syndrome randomised to atrial pacing, and 1.5% in patients without brady-tachy syndrome randomised to atrial pacing. In atrial paced patients without brady-tachy syndrome at randomisation and without atrial fibrillation during follow up, the annual risk of thromboembolism was 1.4%. Left atrial size measured by M mode echocardiography was of no value in predicting thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial thromboembolism in patients with sick sinus syndrome is very common and is associated primarily with brady-tachy syndrome at randomisation and with ventricular pacing. The risk of thromboembolism is small in atrial paced patients in whom atrial fibrillation has never been documented.     

Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during cardiac surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Intraoperative left atrial radiofrequency (RF) ablation recently has been suggested as an effective surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to verify the outcome of this technique in a controlled multicenter trial. Methods and Results: One hundred three consecutive patients (39 men and 65 women; age 62 ± 11 years) affected by AF underwent cardiac surgery and RF ablation in the left atrium (RF group). The control group consisted of 27 patients (6 men and 21 women; age 64 ± 7 years) with AF who underwent cardiac surgery during the same period and refused RF ablation. Mitral valve disease was present in 89 (86%) and 25 (92%) patients, respectively (P = NS). RF endocardial ablation was performed in order to obtain isolation of both right and left pulmonary veins, a lesion connecting the previous lines, and a lesion connecting the line encircling the left veins to the mitral annulus. Upon discharge from the hospital, sinus rhythm was present in 65 patients (63%) versus 5 patients (18%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in the RF group (148 ± 50 min vs 117 ± 30 min, P = 0.013). The complication rate was similar in both groups, but RF ablation‐related complications occurred in 4 RF group patients (3.9%). After a mean follow‐up of 12.5 ± 5 months (range 4–24), 83 (81%) of 102 RF group patients were in stable sinus rhythm versus 3 (11%) of 27 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The success rate was similar among the four surgical centers. Atrial contraction was present in 66 (79.5%) of 83 patients in the RF group in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Endocardial RF left atrial compartmentalization during cardiac surgery is effective in restoring sinus rhythm in many patients. This technique is easy to perform and reproducible. Rare RF ablation‐related complications can occur. During follow‐up, sinus rhythm persistence is good, and biatrial contraction is preserved in most patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1289‐1295, December 2003)     

病态窦房结综合征合并阵发性心房颤动的射频消融治疗

目的探讨病态窦房结综合征患者合并阵发性房颤的射频消融治疗效果。方法 7例病态窦房结综合征合并阵发性房颤患者,术前动态心电图诊断为病态窦房结综合征,24小时内有数次停搏及多次阵发房颤发作,其中有5例患者停搏均发生在房颤终止时,2例停搏与房颤发作无明显关联。接受环肺静脉前庭电隔离术。术后动态心电图随访。结果该7例患者,有2例房颤复发,1例再次接受手术并成功,1例拒绝再次手术。动态心电图提示有4例(考虑为快慢综合征)心动过缓明显好转,2例(考虑为慢快综合征)房颤发作明显减少但是心动过缓无改善,接受心脏永久起搏器置入治疗。此7例患者术前与术后1个月最大心率、最小心率、平均心率比较,最小心率、平均心率术后较术前增加,最大心率术后较术前无明显变化。结论快慢型病态窦房结综合征合并阵发性房颤患者对房颤射频消融治疗效果较好,大部分患者术后心动过缓明显改善,而不需要置入心脏永久起搏器。