石香肠构造研究综述

石香肠构造是一种传统的线状构造，由于其在区域构造应力场方面的研究意义及其所包含的流变学信息和控矿意义等一直吸引着研究者的关注。简述了近几十年来石香肠构造在形态学研究上的进展，分析了其在理论研究上的成果，概括了其在应用研究方面的现状，并对当前及今后石香肠构造的研究方向提出了建议。     

菱形石香肠简单剪切成因模式及其构造流变计

菱形石香肠虽常被作为指示剪切作用的标志,但其形成过程和流变学意义并未完全清楚。纯剪切模式作为一种已被认可的成因模式表明菱形石香肠也可能在简单剪切作用下形成。本文从石香肠与基质的流变差异出发,提出了菱形石香肠的简单剪切成因模式,建立了简单直观的平面模型,即方形石香肠置于方形基质中,后将其简单剪切变形分解为旋转和纯剪变形两步,并利用有限变形几何学知识,计算出理论的菱形石香肠剪切角和层面转动角,其与有限元数字模拟的实验结果还是较接近的。进一步的理论分析给出了利用菱形石香肠几何学参数(剪切角和层面转动角)求取石香肠与基质粘度比的方法,即菱形石香肠构造流变计,并运用它在湖北铁山地区获得石香肠的粘度是基质的4.76倍,菱形石香肠构造流变计扩展了香肠构造流变计的适用范围,提供了在野外快捷测算岩石粘度比的途径。     

湖北银洞沟银金矿床石香肠构造样式及形成机制

该矿床中以平行陡倾的含矿石英脉为特征的矿体，在构造变形过程中常产生石香肠化，由于局部应力环境的差异，所形成的石香肠构造样式也各不相同，并控制了矿体形态及有用矿物组分的分布，以不同样式石香肠构造在矿区的分布特点进行了构造分区，并对其形成机理作初步探讨。     

湖北铁山与北京西山复合石香肠的初步研究

湖北铁山地区发育接触热动力变质带，叠加了热动力和构造变形作用，这使该区岩体附近互层的灰岩和泥岩变质为大理岩和角岩；而且这两种之间存在有较大的粘度差，这就为石香肠构造的发育提供了充要条件，所以在湖北铁山地区形成了形式多样的石香肠，北京西山地区震旦系互层的灰岩和白云岩也存在明显的粘度差异，在构造变形作用下，也广泛发育有石香肠构造，结合湖北铁山和北京西山地区的复合石香肠，依据石香肠横断面形态把复合石香肠分为I，Ⅱ，Ⅲ三类，并分析了每种类型的成因，复合石香肠是一种有特殊意义的石香肠构造，其特点是具有复合的形态特征，复合的构造成因，研究复合石香肠对了解其发育过程有重要的研究价值，对区域构造运动方向和期次的判定也有重要的指示意义。     

鱼嘴构造流变计研究与基于流变学的分类方案

如同膨缩型香肠构造一样,鱼嘴石香肠构造是存在岩石流变性差异的能干层与基质在纯剪切作用机制下形成的构造形迹。在深入研究鱼嘴构造形态与能干层基质流变性差异的基础上,运用物理模拟的方法,模拟出不同形态的鱼嘴香肠构造,反演出能干层基质粘度比与香肠形态之间的关系,进而得出一种关于鱼嘴香肠构造的经验流变计。 认识到鱼嘴构造的纯剪切作用机制及其平面应变的特点,通过对香肠现有的几何参数的测量和计算以及对香肠构造演化初始阶段几何参数的恢复,在合理假设的理想状况下,推导出鱼嘴构造的应变差折射流变计。 鱼嘴构造是流变行为下应变的结果,因此这种构造行迹不仅有几何学意义,更折射出流变学意义。在模拟实验与野外考察的基础上提出了一种基于流变学与剪切作用机制的鱼嘴构造分类方案。     

湖北铁山与川西北地区发现不对称鱼嘴构造

早在１９世纪中叶，人们就已经开始了对石香肠构造的描述与研究。随着资料的不断积累以及观测和实验手段的不断提高，其理论研究也越来越深入。但是，新的构造样式的出现，总是迫使人们突破原有的理论格架，重新认识、探讨其成因及构造意义。     

江西茅排金矿床含金韧性剪切带构造特征

茅排韧性剪切带是茅排金矿床主要控矿构造，属左行韧性平移剪切带，形成于加里东末期。带内剪切不协调褶皱，粘滞型石香肠，塑性流变组构、拉伸线理以及波状消光，拔丝构造等宏观及微观韧性变形组构十分发育。该剪切带控制了茅排金矿床的空间定位，金矿化局限于剪切带内，剪切热能是地层中金活化的重要动力源，剪切带为含金热液的运移和金的沉淀提供有利通道和空间，并为晚期脆性构造叠加形成富矿体创造了前提。     

北京西山和湖北铁山发现骨节状石香肠构造

人们对于石香肠构造的普遍性及其意义早就有所认识。 Lohest于 1 90 9年最早对石香肠构造进行了描述。但直到 Cloos于 1 947年和 Ramberg于1 95 5年对石香肠构造的成因进行初步探讨后 ,人们才逐渐的注意这种构造。根据石香肠构造的连续性 ,将其可分为膨缩石香肠构造 (或藕节状石香肠构造 ) [1]和断裂石香肠构造 [2 ] 。经典的膨缩石香肠都是双凸形。而 Malavieille等 [3] 发现了一种双凹形石香肠 ,并称之为骨节状石香肠。此后不久他们的文章被介绍到中国 ,但这十多年来 ,国内并未见骨节状石香肠的进一步报道。笔者在进行“石香肠构造流变计研究”项目的过程中 ,对北京西山和湖北铁山的石香肠构造进行了研究 ,分别在两地发现了骨节状石香肠构造。北京西山的骨节状石香肠构造发育于震旦系碳酸盐岩建造中。由灰质白云岩组成香肠体 ,白云质灰岩组成基质 ,石英脉充填于香肠体裂口处 (图 1 )。反映出两期垂直层面的压缩和平行层面拉伸的纯剪切变形的叠加。图 1　北京西山第一类骨节状石香肠1石英脉 ;2灰质白云岩 ;3白云质灰岩湖北铁山的骨节状石香肠构造发育于狮子山岩体与围岩的接触热动力变质带上...     

构造流变计

根据构造形迹和应变式反演岩石流变性质的方法称为构造流变计,或简称流变计。目前提出的流变计主要有应变折射、能干层褶皱香肠构造、残斑翼尾样式。应变折射、能干层褶皱和香肠构造流变计已进入量化阶段。构造流变计 可用于研究不同尺度地质体的流变结构,也可用来研究地质体的流变学演化,具有很好的发展前景。     

利用两种天然构造变形估算岩石古流变参数

肿缩石香肠构造和能干层褶皱作为自然构造有的产物，其几何形态理所当然地能够反映构造变形时温压条件下岩石的流变性质，在力学分析的基础上，对北京西北部分肿缩石香肠构造进行了测量，得以方解石石英脉的应力指数为３．６１～７．６９，与云母大理岩的粘度比为８．７４～１８．３２；板岩中的石英脉的应力指数为２．５７～４．７５，与板岩的粘度比为９４．８～１７５．８，白云岩中硅质条带的应力指数为２．２５～３．９３，对白     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of