第二掌背动脉皮瓣接力示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨第2掌背动脉筋膜血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣接力示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2019年10月—2021年1月收治的8例拇指皮肤软组织缺损患者临床资料。其中男3例,女5例;年龄18～52岁,平均35岁。致伤原因：机器伤2例,挤压伤3例,切割伤3例。近节背侧缺损2例,末节背侧缺损1例,末节远端毁损5例。皮肤软组织缺损范围1.7 cm×1.4 cm～3.0 cm×2.5 cm。受伤至皮瓣修复时间为7～21 d,平均14 d。首先应用示指背侧岛状皮瓣（示指近节背侧）修复拇指缺损,然后采用第2掌背动脉筋膜血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣（手背部近端偏桡侧）修复示指背侧缺损,供区直接缝合。结果 1例患者术后48 h内皮瓣出现血管危象,1例因缝合张力过大出现皮瓣臃肿、淤青,经对症治疗后皮瓣均成活;1例术后皮瓣部分皮缘坏死,经换药后切口愈合;余5例皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。8例患者均获随访,随访时间3～10个月,平均6个月。其中1例患者出现轻度瘢痕;其余患者皮瓣颜色与周围皮肤无明显差异,肌腱无粘连,对示指功能干扰小,皮瓣供、受区无明显疼痛及功能障碍。末次随访时,拇指掌...     

第2掌背动脉供血的示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

目的:探讨第2掌背动脉（SDMA）供血的示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损方法及疗效。方法:2015年8月至2017年12月,共收治12例拇指软组织缺损患者,创面面积大小为2.0 cm×2.4 cm~5.5 cm×3.0 cm,采用SDMA供血的示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为2.2 cm×2.6 cm...     

第二掌背动脉复合皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

手指及手背部软组织缺损,可通过皮瓣转移修复,方法较多,效果不一。1995年以来,我们应用第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复手指及手背软组织缺损9例,经过随访,修复效果尚满意。     

第一掌背动脉逆行筋膜皮瓣修复示指软组织缺损

目的 介绍一种新型逆行筋膜皮瓣修复示指皮肤缺损。方法 我院于1997～2003年，采用第一掌背动脉逆行筋膜皮瓣修复示指皮肤缺损9例，该皮瓣以第一掌背动脉在第二掌骨背侧的纵轴为轴线，以筋膜为蒂，蒂部设计在皮瓣的远侧，供血动脉为示指桡侧指动脉。结果 皮瓣全部成活，随访半年以上5例，修复后指腹两点辨别觉为6mm～11mm(平均7．9mm)，外形满意，患均恢复原工作。结论 切取第一掌背动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复示指皮肤缺损安全可行，是修复示指皮肤大面积缺损的较理想方法。     

掌背动脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

手指皮肤缺损有多种修复方法[1~2]。手背皮肤质地好,皮下脂肪少,是修复手指软组织缺损的良好供区。我科自1996年2月至2004年12月应用掌背动脉皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损36例,疗效满意,报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组36例,男21例,女15例;年龄16~49岁,平均26.3岁。机器挤压伤19     

第1跖背-趾背动脉皮瓣修复手指掌侧大面积软组织缺损

目的:探讨应用第1跖背-趾背动脉皮瓣修复手指掌侧大面积软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2016年2月至2018年6月,设计应用第1跖背-趾背动脉皮瓣修复手指掌侧大面积软组织缺损11例11指,其中男7例,女4例;年龄19~46岁,平均32.5岁;3例采用第1跖背-第1趾背动脉供血,8例采用第1跖背-第2趾背动脉供血;对3例...     

第1掌背动脉皮瓣在伴皮肤缺损拇指离断再植中的应用

目的：探讨第1掌背动脉皮瓣在伴有皮肤缺损拇指离断伤再植术中的应用价值。方法对19例伴皮肤缺损拇指离断伤患者术前进行手术设计,术中采用神经、血管、肌腱移位修复拇指血供、感觉及运动,采用第1掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损,同时采用该皮瓣携带的静脉作为拇指重建血运的静脉回路。结果术后19例拇指及皮瓣全部成活,随访6～12个月,再植拇指外观、功能良好。结论第1掌背动脉皮瓣在修复拇指创面同时,为再植拇指提供了可靠、健康的静脉回路,避免了使用受损拇指本身静脉导致静脉危象发生,保证了再植手术成功率,提高了手术疗效。     

掌背动脉皮瓣修复手指及指蹼软组织缺损

目的：总结采用掌背动脉岛状皮瓣修复手指及指蹼皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法2010年1月-2013年12月,采用掌背动脉岛状皮瓣修复手指、指蹼及虎口区皮肤软组织缺损17例。创面均伴有不同程度污染,软组织缺损面积：0.5 cm×1.0 cm～2.5 cm×5.0 cm。合并近、中节指骨骨折6例,肌腱损伤外露12例。供区给予拉拢缝合或植皮修复。结果术后2例皮瓣远端坏死,1例皮瓣轻度感染,经换药后均愈合,其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活。术后17例获随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均12个月。皮瓣外形、质地及修复的指体或指蹼功能良好,末次随访时皮瓣两点辨别觉为7～12 mm;依据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：优9例,良7例,可1例,优良率94.1%。结论采用掌背动脉岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损,具有手术操作简便、安全、可靠等优点,既适合于条件好的医院,也适合基层医院,值得临床推广。     

掌背动脉皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨掌背动脉皮瓣修复指蹼、虎口区及手指近中节皮肤软组织缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法2007年9月-2011年3月,对35例指蹼、虎口区及手指近中节皮肤软组织缺损伴肌腱或指骨外露患者,分别采用第1,2,3,4掌背动脉皮瓣进行修复。皮瓣切取面积为1．8cm×2．0cm×2．5cm×6．0cm。结果35例皮瓣中。除1例皮瓣远端坏死。经换药愈合,2例皮瓣术后第2天出现张力性水疱,2周后自行消失外,其余均顺利成活。随访6-18个月,皮瓣外形好．不臃肿．两点辨别觉为4-8mm,手指功能恢复良好。供区未植皮．直接拉拢缝合,少许色素沉着。结论掌背动脉皮瓣具有解剖恒定。切取方便,不牺牲主干动脉,切取范围大等优点,是修复指蹼、虎口区及手指近中节皮肤软组织缺损较理想的方法。     

第1掌骨背桡侧动脉蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣在拇指远端软组织缺损修复中的临床应用。方法应用第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指远端软组织缺损20例。结果本组20例皮瓣全部成活．术后随访3-12个月,拇指外形满意,质地柔软,皮神经修复者两点辨别觉8～12mm。结论第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣具有操作简便、质地良好、血供可靠、损伤小等优点,是修复拇指远端软组织缺损的较好方法。     

Correction of thumb deformities after burn: versatility of first dorsal metacarpal artery flap

In the management of a debilitated burned hand due to contractures, thumb reconstruction constitutes the most crucial part for a beneficial functional outcome. Among the limited local flap alternatives for the thumb, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap, harvested from the dorsal aspect of the index finger can provide elastic, durable and sensate coverage for soft tissue defects after contracture release. In a 3-year period, neurovascular island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used in 14 patients suffering thumb deformities. The time elapsed after the underlying injury until reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 17 years. Follow-up revealed that all deformities were successfully treated with satisfactory functional recovery and cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity was minimal with an acceptable scar on the dorsum of the index finger and adequate tendon gliding without producing extension deficit. Our experience with management of deformities involving the thumb and/or adjacent thenar area revealed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap is a reliable local neurovascular island flap option, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensation, elasticity, durability and skin-match.     

First dorsal metacarpal artery islanded flap: A useful flap for reconstruction of thumb pulp defects

Thumb pulp defects are commonly due to avulsion injuries. It is very important to reconstruct these defects using sensate flaps as the thumb pulp needs to be sensate for implementing the various functions of the thumb. A very good option for coverage of these defects is the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. Our study was done over a period of 2 years and involved 9 consecutive cases of thumb pulp defects treated at our institution. The patients included 8 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 16 to 51 years old. The flap size ranged from 2 × 1.5 cm to 5 × 3 cm. We had only one complication in the form of partial flap necrosis, which fortunately healed following debridement without the need for a secondary procedure. All our cases were done under local anesthesia with tourniquet control. All the patients had good fine touch and average two-point discrimination of 6 mm, which was satisfactory. Our good results further reinforce the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap as one the best flaps for sensate reconstruction of thumb pulp defects. It replaces the soft tissue loss at the thumb pulp with minimal donor site morbidity and with good return of thumb pulp sensation.     

First dorsal metacarpal artery flap for thumb reconstruction: a retrospective clinical study

Extensive pulp (zone 4) defects of the thumb, with the exposure of tendon or bone, are challenging reconstructive problems. Surgical treatment includes the use of local, regional, and free flaps. The first dorsal metacarpal artery flap has been used successfully for defects of the thumb. The innerved first dorsal metacarpal artery flap from the dorsum of the index finger was first described by Hilgenfeldt and refined by Holevich. An island flap carried on a neurovascular pedicle consisting of the first dorsal metacarpal artery was first demonstrated by Foucher and Braun. Seven innervated FDMCA island flaps were performed from May 2005 until July 2007 for thumb reconstruction. There were three women and four men with an average age of 54.9 years (range 28–89 years). The mean follow-up period was 15.4 months (range 4–29 months). The dominant hand was involved in six (85.7%) patients. In a retrospective clinical study, the following criteria were evaluated: (1) etiology of the defect, (2) time of reconstruction (primary vs. delayed), (3) survival rate of flap, (4) sensory function (Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments, static 2-PD, pain, cortical reorientation), (5) TAM measured with the Kapandji index, and (6) subjective patient satisfaction (SF 36). Four patients presented with trauma, two patients with defects after tumor resection and one with infection of the thumb. The flap was used for immediate reconstruction in three (42.9%) patients and for delayed reconstruction in four (57.1%) patients. Delayed reconstruction was performed 4.75 (1–12) months after initial trauma or first surgery. The donor area was grafted with full-thickness skin grafts in all cases. All flaps survived. The mean SWMF was 3.31 g and average statis 2-PD over the flap was 10.57 mm. Pain at the flap scored 3.71 over 10 and at the donor site 2.17 over 10. Paresthesia at the flap scored 0.57 over 4 and at the donor site 0.33 over 4. Complete cortical reorientation was only seen in one patient. The mean Kapandji score of the reconstructed thumb was 7.43 over 10. Using the SF-36, mean physical health of the patients scored 66.88% and mean mental health scored 70.55%. Disturbing pain and paresthesia of the flap are exceptional. The static 2-PD is more than 10 mm, and is clinically over the limit. Cortical reorientation was incomplete in all but one patient. Touch on thumb is felt on the dorsum of the index finger; however, sensation is not disturbing or interfering with the patient’s activities. Foucher described the technique débranchement–rébranchement in order to improve this problem. The postoperative total amount of motion of the reconstructed thumb was very good. The results demonstrated that the FDMCA flap has a constant anatomy and easy dissection. It has a low donor site morbidity if FTSG is used. It also shows good functional and aesthetic results. Therefore, the FDMCA flap is a first treatment of choice for defects of the proximal phalanx and proximal part of the distal phalanx of the thumb.     

第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2005年8月-2012年10月,采用第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损35例,术后随访3-24个月。结果本组35例皮瓣成活良好,外观满意,两点辨别觉达6-10mm,无虎口挛缩,拇食指的对捏、对掌功能恢复良好。结论第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损操作简单,供血血管变异率低,无需再次手术断蒂,也可制成带血运的掌骨、伸肌腱复合组织瓣,且能携带掌背皮神经重建感觉,值得临床推广。     

第二掌背动脉游离皮瓣的临床应用

目的研究第二掌背动脉（ＳＤＭＡ）游离皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床价值方法对１１例手部软组织缺损或伴有伸指肌腱缺损的病例,采用游离ＳＤＭＡ或游离复合ＳＤＭＡ皮瓣进行修复。其中,复合组织瓣３例。皮瓣面积为１．５ｃｍ×３ｃｍ～５ｃｍ×６．３ｃｍ。结果１０例完全成活,１例因术中动脉血管内广泛血栓形成而放弃手术,８例随访１４～６２个月。两点辨别觉：手背８～１１ｍｍ,指腹４～６ｍｍ。外形及功能满意。结论该皮瓣能修复手指各个部位软组织缺损,并能形成复合组织瓣修复同时伴有伸指肌肌腱缺损。     

拇指桡侧血管筋膜蒂第I掌骨背侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的　探讨以拇指桡侧血管筋膜为蒂的第I掌骨背侧皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法　设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉掌指关节周围分支为主要血供来源 ,经拇指背静脉通过头静脉及拇指深静脉为主要回流途径的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣 ,逆行移位或带蒂移位修复拇、示、中、环指软组织缺损创面 14例。结果　 1例皮瓣部分远端坏死 ,2例早期皮瓣呈红紫色并水泡 ,其余成活良好。术后随访 3个月至 1年 ,皮瓣质地良好 ,不臃肿 ,有感觉。结论　该皮瓣血供可靠、切取方便、供区损伤较小 ,适用于拇指及示、中、环指中末节较大创面的修复。     

改良掌背逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨切取掌背皮瓣的改进方法及其临床应用效果方法：复习相关掌背动脉解剖学研究成果,改进掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的切取方法,以背侧指蹼中点和两掌骨基底部汇合点连线设计为轴线,距指蹼缘近侧约1．5cm为旋转点,在深筋膜下、伸肌腱腱膜浅层解剖皮瓣,保留掌背动脉远端皮支,临床分别应用修复12例食、中、环、小指中、近节皮肤软组织缺损。结果：12例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣术后远端出现张力性水疱,皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,后创面经换药后愈合。术后随访3～6个月,皮瓣质地、外观满意,手背部外形功能良好。结论：自深筋膜下、指伸腱膜浅面解剖皮瓣,保留掌背动脉远端皮支的掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣手术方法操作简便,对供区损伤小,应用于修复手指近、中节皮肤软组织软缺损创面临床效果好。     

封闭负压引流结合掌背动脉穿支皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损

目的探讨封闭负压引流(VSD)技术结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损的临床疗效。方法应用VSD技术结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复11例手背复合组织缺损患者。组织缺损面积1.8 cm×2.0 cm~3.0 cm×6.0 cm,切取皮瓣面积2.0 cm×2.5 cm~3.5 cm×7.0 cm。结果切取第2掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣7例,第3掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣2例,第4掌背动脉皮瓣皮支岛状皮瓣2例。皮瓣全部成活,无皮瓣感染病例。患者均获得随访,时间7~25个月。伤指关节功能、皮瓣外形较满意。末次随访时按手指总主动活动度(TAM)标准评估伤指功能:优6例,良3例,中2例。结论 VSD可有效控制创面炎症,结合逆行掌背动脉穿支岛状皮瓣、掌长肌腱移植修复手背复合组织缺损,外形及功能恢复满意、血运可靠,是一种较好的修复方法。