静电纺丝制备纳米级纤维的研究

首先介绍了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理及其影响因素,然后归纳、总结了当前国内外静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究内容,并对今后的研究提出了建设.     

静电纺丝制备中空多孔纳米纤维研究进展

从静电纺丝技术出现至今,越来越多的纳米纤维都被广泛的应用在生物医学领域,尤其中空多孔结构的纳米纤维有更突出的应用.介绍了中空多孔结构成孔机理,并且通过选择己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共聚物(PBAT)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等三种可生物降解材料来介绍它们通过静电纺丝技术来制备出的中空多孔纳米纤维的进...     

静电纺丝法制备多孔超细聚醚砜纤维及其对双酚A的吸附性能

创新性地将静电纺丝法技术和沉浸凝胶方法相结合,制备了多种不同结构的多孔超细聚醚砜(PES)纤维,将多孔超细纤维运用于水溶液中环境激素双酚A(BPA）的吸附,并考查了多孔超细PES纤维对环境激素BPA的吸附机理。结果表明,以聚乙二醇(PEG）为致孔剂得到的多孔超细纤维的孔洞小而分布均匀,以聚乙烯醇(PVA）为致孔剂产生的多孔超细纤维的孔洞大且发生了取向;接收方式对以PVA为致孔剂的多孔超细PES纤维形貌影响大,空气浴中接收到的是多孔超细纤维,水浴中接收到的是中空多孔超细PES纤维;多孔超细PES纤维对环境激素BPA的动态吸附符合伪二阶动力学模型,等温吸附符合Freundlish等温模型。     

静电纺丝制备纳米级纤维的研究

介绍了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理及其影响因素,归纳、总结了当前国内外静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究内容,并对今后的研究提出了建议.     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维束及其应用

纳米纤维束独特的微纳结构赋予其较大的比表面积、粗糙度和孔隙率等特性,在生物医学、催化、传感、过滤和吸附等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,常规制备纳米纤维的方法如自组装法、模板法和熔喷法等,很难制备出纤维束;传统的静电纺丝法所制备的纤维束的"束"尺寸基本在微米级以上,如何制备较小"束"尺寸的纳米纤维束是提高材料性能及应用开发的关键。文章首先介绍了近年来通过改进静电纺丝工艺和设备制备纳米纤维束的各种方法,进而总结了纳米纤维束的特点和应用,最后提出了纳米纤维束研究亟待解决的问题。     

静电纺丝法制备PVDF纳米纤维

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有优异的压电性能,而通过静电纺丝技术制得的聚偏氟乙烯静电纺丝膜具有高孔隙率、轻薄柔韧、透气性好等优点从而广泛应用在传感材料、电池隔膜和生物材料等领域.为了研究最适纺丝工艺,本文通过调节不同的纺丝电压、聚合物溶液浓度以...     

静电纺丝技术制备钇铝石榴石纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP)/[Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,将复合纤维进行焙烧,得到了钇铝石榴石(ymium ahminium garnet,YAG)纳米纤维.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、热重-差热分析、Fourier变换红外光谱对PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3]和YAG纤维样品进行了分析.结果表明:PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维为非晶态,经900℃焙烧10h后,获得了单相石榴石型的YAG立方晶系纳米纤维,空间群为Ia3d.所制备的PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3]复合纤维表面光滑,平均直径约175ilnig YAG纳米纤维平均直径约75nm,长度大于100 μm.复合纤维在温度高于550℃时,质量保持恒定,总质量损失率为90.4%.初步讨论了YAG纳米纤维的形成机理.     

静电纺丝装置:设计静电纺丝工艺制备纳米纤维

纳米纤维可以产泛用于制备多种材料,如过滤材料、生物传感器、军用防护涂层、三维组织支架、复合材料、药物释放、敷料以及电子器件.为了制备具有所要求物理化学性能的纳米纤维,研究人员提出了多种静电纺丝工艺,如利用特别设计的收集屏、微电机械加工而成的喷嘴以及利用辅助电极稳定纺丝射流;而且,开发新的静电纺丝工艺仍在继续,目的是为了获得某种场合专用的纳米纤维.通过这些工艺,像纤维取向以及纤维网的三维结构等参数最终可以得到控制.讨论了最近提出的静电纺丝工艺,这些工艺可以赋予纤维特定的功能,同时详细叙述了使用的工艺参数与获得的纤维物理性能之间的关系,最后提出了未来的设计方向,即设计出能够制备最佳结构纳米纤维的静电纺丝装置.     

静电纺丝取向纤维的制备及其微结构

静电纺丝是一种简单、快捷的生产亚微米、纳米纤维的新技术。通过静电纺丝制备的取向纳米纤维在电学、磁学以及光学等方面具备独特的的物理性质,在国内外引起了广泛的关注。综述了近年采用静电纺丝技术制备取向纳米纤维的研究进展,同时概括目前得到的纳米纤维的取向结构。     

Preparation of Ultrafine Ethylene/Propylene/Diene Terpolymer Rubber Fibers by Coaxial Electrospinning

Elastomeric EPDM fibers with diameters of 200–400 nm are prepared by coaxial electrospinning of PVP/EPDM fibers, subsequent vulcanization of the polymers and finally removal of the outer PVP layer using ethanol. The initially applied PVP layer restricts the elastic recovery of the EPDM fibers. The crosslinking density of the EPDM fibers reaches 8.44 × 10^?5 mol · cm^?3. The original morphology of EPDM is preserved after removing the PVP layer. The ultrafine EPDM fibers are expected to be useful in many fields, such as brittle plastics toughening, as well as applications in extremely high or low temperatures.

     

Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Fibers by Electrospinning Technique

Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HA) fibers were prepared by electrospinning a precursor mixture of Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and (C₂H₅O)₃PO with a polymer additive, followed by a thermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the annealed composite fibers revealed that pure HA phase could be obtained by annealing at 600°C for 1 h. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the surface of as-electrospun composite fibers with an average diameter of 50 μm was smooth due to the amorphous nature of the polymer. However, the surface of the calcined HA fibers was rough because of the complete removal of the polymer. The pure HA fibers obtained by electrospinning in this work were up to 10 mm in length and 10–30 μm in diameter and the hydroxyapatite grain size was ∼1 μm in the HA fibers.     

聚苯乙烯多孔吸附微球的制备

通过悬浮聚合和超交联两步法合成了具有介孔结构的改性聚苯乙烯微球用作血液净化材料。首先采用悬浮聚合法制备了亲水改性的苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚微球（MPPS）,然后将MPPS微球以二氯甲烷为溶剂、无水氯化铝为催化剂进行后交联处理,制备了含有介孔结构的、具有较高比表面积的聚苯乙烯(HCLPS)多孔微球。采用比表面积测试、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等仪器分析表征了微球的结构和形貌,并测试了HCLPS微球的吸水性和戊巴比妥钠吸附性能。结果表明,超交联反应可以显著提高微球的比表面积,并且随着马来酸酐(MAH)含量增加,微球的吸水性和戊巴比妥钠吸附性能提高;当MAH含量为20 %（质量分数,下同）时HCLPS微球的戊巴比妥钠吸附率为91.90 %。     

Electrospinning of circumferentially aligned polymer nanofibers floating on rotating water collector

This work outlines a novel electrospinning process using a rotating water collector. The circumferentially aligned nanofibers are successfully fabricated using this process. The movement and conductivity of the liquid collector are considered as the two prime factors to investigate the interaction between electrospun nanofibers and liquid surface. Through the theoretical analysis of the movement of liquid collector, it is confirmed that the liquid flow velocity demonstrates a tendency to decline from the center of the vortex to the edge of the container. Experimental results show that as the fluid flow velocity increases, the alignment of the nanofibers increases as well. In addition, it is discovered that the conductivity of the water collector demonstrates no significant effect on the alignment of nanofibers. However, the solution with higher conductivity can produce a nanofiber mat with smaller dimension. The present study confirms the versatility of the liquid collector and can be used to prepare nanofiber mats with complicated structures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48759.     

熔融静电纺丝技术制备聚甲醛纤维

通过DSC测试得出聚甲醛的熔融温度为170℃,并通过试验确定最佳的纺丝温度为190℃。研究了聚甲醛质量分数和纺丝电压对静电纺聚甲醛纤维直径的影响,确定最佳的纺丝条件为:聚甲醛质量分数90%,电压14 k V。对聚甲醛纤维的表面形态及热性能进行了测试,结果显示:聚甲醛纤维表面光滑且粗细均匀;结晶度较高,为68.84%;熔点比纯聚甲醛熔点低,为160.25℃。     

纤蛇纹石短纤维去金属氧化物制备纤维状多孔二氧化硅

基于纤蛇纹石一维纳米管结构和形态属性,以石棉尾矿中纤蛇纹石短纤维为原料,采用酸浸法去金属氧化物,获得纤维状多孔SiO2,并对不同去金属氧化物作用阶段产物的形貌、物相组成和谱学特征进行表征。结果表明,去金属氧化物作用(以MgO浸取率表征)优化的工艺条件为:硫酸溶液质量分数35%,反应温度90℃,反应时间2.00h,液固比10∶1。纤蛇纹石结构中的金属氧化物组分被去除后,仅保留具有石棉纤维形态的非晶态SiO2。在纤蛇纹石去金属氧化物作用过程中,氢氧镁石八面体片结构组元被去除的同时,原位保留和修饰了硅氧四面体片结构组元,形成了纤维状多孔SiO2。     

Structure and Properties of PET Nano‐Porous Luminescence Fibers for Fluorescence‐Indicating to Acid Gases

This work describes the fluorescence‐indicating function to trace acid gases of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nano‐porous luminescence fibers (PNPLFs) through the analysis of correlation between the concentration of acid gas and fluorescence intensity of organic rare earth complexes dispersed uniformly in the PET nano‐porous structured fibers. The porous structure and large specific surface area of the PET nano‐fibers prepared through electrospinning technology offer the strong adhesive force and good absorption efficiency of PET nano‐porous fibers to acid gases. The fast response ability of benzoic acid organic rare earth complexes to pH value gives the PET nano‐porous luminescence fibers fluorescence‐indicating function to acid gas. Under dry state and in situ conditions, the fluorescence‐indicating to acid gases of PET nano‐porous luminescence fibers can be completed in 10 s. The precise value is 1 ppm. At the same time, repeated cycling experiments show that the PET nano‐porous luminescence fibers have good recycling property, and the recycling life can increase 40‐fold. Coupled with the good mechanical performances that the breaking strength achieves 121.6 cN, the PET nano‐porous luminescence fibers have better potential in the fluorescence‐indicating to acid gases.     

气流-静电纺丝法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚超细纤维

采用75%四氢呋喃(THF)和25%N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶液作溶剂,通过气流-静电纺丝法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)超细纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM),研究了溶液浓度、电压、接收距离(喷丝孔到接收板的距离)、喷丝孔内径对静电纺纤维的直径和形貌的影响。研究发现:溶液浓度对电纺纤维的直径和形貌有非常重要的影响,当溶液浓度由10%增加到18%时,电纺纤维平均直径随之成线性增加;当电压由23.8kV增加到33.8kV时,纤维平均直径先减小后增加。最佳工艺条件为:溶液质量分数为14%,电压为28.8kV,接收距离为20cm,喷丝孔内径为0.27mm,所得SBS电纺超细纤维平均直径为429nm。     

静电纺丝法制备聚合物功能纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝是一种可以直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的新方法。通过静电纺丝法制备的直径在几纳米到几百纳米的纤维在很多领域都有潜在的应用。简单介绍了静电纺丝的原理、发展以及在各领域的应用前景,综述了静电纺丝纤维作为功能材料在吸附过滤、导电导热和保温隔热等方面的应用,并对静电纺丝技术在制备聚合物纳米纤维功能材料方面的发展前景作出了展望。