太空养心方对尾吊大鼠心脏功能的影响

目的 观察太空养心方对尾吊模拟失重大鼠心脏泵血功能和收缩功能的作用.方法 24只SD雄性大鼠随机平分为对照组、悬吊组、中药组(同时吊尾),分别在7 d、28 d后应用超声心动图技术检测实验大鼠心脏左室的泵血功能和收缩功能.结果 中药组与悬吊组比较,在用药28 d后,左室舒张末内径(LVDD)、左室舒张末容积(LVDV)及其指数、每搏量(SV)及其指数均显著增加(P＜0.05). 结论 太空养心方对模拟失重引起的大鼠心脏泵血功能下降具有一定的保护作用.     

尾部悬吊及恢复过程中大鼠动脉血管收缩反应的变化

目的 探讨模拟失重下动脉收缩反应变化的时程特征及其可逆性。方法 采用尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重,利用离休动脉环测定血管收缩反应的变化。结果 尾部悬吊２ｗｋ后,大鼠的腹主动脉、肠系膜动脉和股动脉收缩反应明显降低,而颈总动脉无明显改变;悬吊４ｗｋ后,肠系膜动脉和股动脉的收缩反应与悬吊２ｗｋ相比有进一步的降低;悬吊８ｗｋ大鼠的动脉血管收缩反应性与悬吊４ｗｋ相比无明显差异;４ｗｋ尾部悬吊大鼠解除悬吊后５ｗｋ     

瓣下结构对二尖瓣关闭不全术后左室功能的影响

为了评价全部瓣下结构对二尖瓣关闭不全术后左室功能的影响，２７名二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣替换时保留了全部瓣下结构（Ａ组）其术后血流动力学及超声心动图指标，与４１名常规切除全瓣下结构的二尖瓣替换者（Ｂ组）及３４名二尖瓣成形术者（Ｃ组）比较。术后Ａ、Ｃ两组左室ＣＩ、ＳＶＩ及收缩功能指数均显著优于Ｂ组，其左室舒张末、收缩末内径，ＥＦ及ＦＳ均较术前有显著的改善；Ａ、Ｃ两组术后左室ＥＦ及ＦＳ均显著优于 ，尤     

尾部悬吊大鼠不同部位动脉血管的分化性结构重塑变化及其可逆性

目的 阐明模拟失重下,不同部位动脉血管的结构是否会发生不同性质的重塑变化,这些变化是否可逆。方法 用ｖａｎ Ｇｉｅｓｏｎ－Ｏｒｃｅｉｎ染色法观察了尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ－４）,县吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ－１）,及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠后肢和头颈部动脉血管的形态学改变。结果 股动脉及胫前动脉：与ＣＯＮ比较,ＳＵＳ－４组的内径与中膜布告匀显著减小;ＲＥＣ－１组的ｄ与Ａ尚未完全恢复,但差别已不显著。     

模拟失重大鼠不同部位动脉动脉血管壁超微结构的变化

目的 研究模拟失重下身体不同部位动脉血管壁结构重塑变化的性质及其可逆性。方法 用透射电镜观察尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ－４）、悬吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ－１）,及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠后肢和头颈部动脉血管壁的超微结构改变。结果 后肢的动脉血管（如股动脉及胫前动脉）的改变是：ＳＵＳ－４组平滑肌层数减少,平滑肌细胞内肌丝减少,间质胶原增多;ＲＥＣ－１组内弹力层增厚,平滑肌细胞内肌丝增加,内皮下出现合成表型     

模拟失重大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉网各级血管内径的变化

目的探讨模拟失重是否可引起后肢肌肉小动脉网各级血管内径发生改变及其可逆性。方法采用墨汁灌注法观察尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ４）,悬吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ１）、恢复５ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ５）,以及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉网各级血管内径的变化。结果在ＳＵＳ４组,比目鱼肌的营养动脉、弓状小动脉及Ｖ、Ｉ级横行小动脉的内径,较ＣＯＮ组分别减小了３１％、２９％、２８％及４１％（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）;在ＲＥＣ１组,仅有部分恢复但仍普遍低于ＣＯＮ组（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;在ＲＥＣ５组,除Ｉ级横行小动脉外,其余各级小动脉的内径均已恢复。结论４ｗｋ模拟失重大鼠后肢肌肉小动脉可能发生萎缩性变化。本工作还提示小动脉网的结构变化可能是飞行后引起立位耐力降低的重要发生原因之一     

急、慢性缺氧对大鼠心功能的影响

目的 研究急性缺氧和慢性适应性缺氧对大鼠心脏收缩和舒张功能的影响。方法 间断低氧习服大鼠（３０００ｍ,５０００ｍ各２ｗｋ,４ｈ／ｄ）和正常大刀经８０００ｍ缺氧４ｈ后,观察其整体心功能。     

地高辛对模拟失重后大鼠心室功能的影响

目的 应用高频超声心动图观察地高辛干预尾吊模拟失重大鼠心功能变化情况,评估药物作用.方法将80只SD大鼠随机分成5组,正常对照组、悬吊组、悬吊 假饲组、悬吊 地高辛(2 wk)组、悬吊 地高辛(3 wk)组,每组16只.实验时间为3 wk.尾吊结束后对各组其中10只大鼠行经胸超声心动图检测,6只测定血清心钠素ANP水平.结果 与悬吊 假饲组相比,应用强心药物后左室收缩指标改善(P＜0.01),左室收缩末期容积减小(P＜0.05),血ANP水平上升(P＜0.01).给药2周组与3周组各指标差别不明显(P＞0.05).结论 地高辛可增强模拟失重大鼠心肌收缩功能及射血功能,并可延缓废用性萎缩的趋势.     

模拟失重引起的大鼠基底动脉收缩反应性增强

目的为了阐明模拟失重是否引起头部的动脉血管,如基底动脉的收缩反应性增强。方法 中悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重影响。利用离体基底动脉血管环制备测定其对几种血管收缩剂反应性的变化。结果 悬吊４ｗｋ组大鼠的基底动脉血管环对ＫＣｌ「（１０－１００）ｍｍｏｌｌ」、精氨酸加压素「（１０＾－１５－－１０＾－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ或５－羟色胺「（１０＾－１２－－１０＾－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ」的等长收缩反应较同步对照组均显著升高。两组大     

模拟失重大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉风各级血管内径的变化

目的 探讨模拟失重是否可引起后肢肌肉小动脉网各级血管内径发生改变及其可逆性。方法 采用墨汁灌注法观察尾部悬吊４ｗｋ（ＳＵＳ－４）,悬吊４ｗｋ后恢复１ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ－１）、恢复５ｗｋ（ＲＥＣ－５）,以及对照（ＣＯＮ）大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉网各组血管内径的变化。结果 在ＳＵＳ－４组,比目鱼肌的营养动脉、弓状小动脉及Ｖ、Ⅱ级模行小动脉的内径,较ＣＯＮ组分别减小了３１％、２９％、２８％及４１％（均为Ｐ〈０．０１     

Effects of resistive training on left ventricular function

Although several studies have evaluated the effects of endurance training on left ventricular (LV) function, few studies have looked at resistive training effects. Acute isometric exercise increases blood pressure and has little effect on LV function, causing only mild increases in ejection fraction and stroke volume index. However, acute isometric exercise does increase LV diastolic diameter to a lesser extent than dynamic exercise. Most studies of resistive training on LV function have been cross-sectional or short term (10 to 12 wk) training studies on athletes and suggest that increases in LV wall thickness and mass are dependent upon the intensity and duration of training. Most resistive training studies show no increase in left ventricular volume, as can be seen in endurance trained athletes. Despite the increase in LV mass with resistive training, indices of LV systolic and diastolic function do not change. In hypertensive and cardiac patients with normal LV function at rest, resistive training increases LV mass index without deleterious effects on LV systolic and diastolic function. However, in patients with abnormal resting LV function, resistive training can have adverse effects on LV systolic function. Overall, moderate levels of resistive training can be a useful adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation programs, with the caveat that it be used with caution in patients with abnormal LV function at rest.     

超声心动图检查在评价乳腺癌化疗后左心功能中的价值研究

目的探讨超声心动图检查在评价乳腺癌化疗后左心功能中的价值。方法选取2019年7月至2021年6月在我院接受4个周期(T₁~T₄)以阿霉素为主化疗方案治疗的60例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,每个化疗周期后进行超声心动图检查,对比T₁~T₄后二维超声心动图参数[左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期最大血流速度/二尖瓣舒张晚期最大血流速度(E/A)、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWT)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVST)]及左心房三维参数[左心房收缩末期容积(LAVmin)、左心房舒张末期容积(LAVmax)、左心房主动收缩前容积(LAVprep)]。结果化疗T₁~T₄后的LVDs、LVDd、LVEF、E/A、LVPWT、IVST相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。化疗T₂~T₄后的LAVmin、LAVmax、LAVprep均高于T₁后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实时三维超声心动图可早期发现乳腺癌化疗药物引发的左心功能变化,有助于为临床及时调整用药方案提供参考。     

Changes in cardiovascular function during inversion.

Although inversion therapy is used increasingly as a therapy for musculoskeletal back disorders, its effects on cardiovascular function have not been systematically determined. Heart rate, blood pressure and echocardiographic measurements were performed in 20 normal male volunteers before, during and after bent-knee inversion. Compared to control measurements in the supine position, inversion significantly increased heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rate-pressure product, systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular (LV) wall stress. Inversion also resulted in a significant decrease in LV diastolic volume, cardiac output and ejection fraction. Thus inversion produces an increase in LV afterload and myocardial oxygen demand concomitantly with a decrease in LV preload and global systolic function, and may be contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease.     

Left ventricular structure and function, assessed by imaging and Doppler echocardiography, in athletes engaged in throwing events

Ten male athletes engaged in throwing events and ten control subjects, matched for age, height, and weight, were investigated with echocardiography and Doppler velocimetry to assess cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest. Left ventricular (LV) internal diameter, wall thickness, LV mass, and systolic LV function were not different between athletes and nonathletes. The possibility that strength training could alter LV diastolic function was further investigated. Both early diastolic function, estimated from the velocity of LV relaxation and the LV inflow pattern, and late diastolic function, assessed by Doppler velocimetry, were similar in throwers and controls. The unchanged ratio of the peak velocities of LV filing during atrial contraction and early filling suggests that LV distensibility is unaltered in these athletes. In conclusion, the amount and type of training performed by these throwers was not associated with changes in LV structure and function.     

The effect of high-intensity rowing and combined strength and endurance training on left ventricular systolic function and morphology

Combined strength and endurance training may result in alterations in left ventricular (LV) systolic function and morphology, however, the acute effect of high-intensity rowing exercise and concurrent training-induced adaptations on LV systolic function are not well known. The purpose of this investigation was to assess LV systolic function before and after a simulated 2000-m rowing race on a Concept II rowing ergometer and evaluate these adaptations following 10 weeks of concurrent strength and endurance training. Furthermore, resting LV morphology was assessed prior to and following the 10-week training program. Ten male subjects underwent two-dimensional echocardiograms at rest, immediately following (95 +/- 27 s), as well as 5 and 45 minutes after, a simulated 2000-m rowing race. These measurements were also made before and after 10 weeks of training. Irrespective of testing time, performance of a 2000-m rowing race resulted in an increase in fractional area change (0.51 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.09; p < 0.05) due to an increase in LV contractility. Concurrent strength and endurance training resulted in an increase in the resting LV diastolic cavity area (20.64 +/- 2.59 vs. 22.82 +/- 2.17 cm (2); p < 0.05), end systolic myocardial area (23.27 +/- 4.86 vs. 24.56 +/- 4.00 cm (2); p < 0.05) and LV mass (179.07 +/- 46.91 g vs. 210.46 +/- 51.13 g; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the acute increase in LV systolic function following a simulated 2000-m rowing race was due to heightened LV contractile reserve. Further, 10 weeks of combined strength and endurance training resulted in an increase in resting LV diastolic cavity size, wall thickness and mass.     

双源CTA评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征

目的:探讨双源CT血管成像(DSCTA)评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)的价值.方法:搜集临床疑似NSTE ASC且经DSCTA判断为左冠状动脉前降支管腔临界狭窄(狭窄程度为50％～70％)的患者57例,1周内行冠脉造影(CAG)证实狭窄程度,并行导管法测量血流储备分数(FFR),以FFR 0.80为临界值将57例患者分为A组(FFR＜0.80)和B组(FFR≥0.80),测量左室前壁、侧壁心肌、左心室腔CT值及舒张末期、收缩末期节段室壁厚度,比较两组间前壁与侧壁相对CT值、舒张末期心肌厚度及室壁增厚率.结果:A、B两组前壁与侧壁心肌相对CT值及舒张末期心肌厚度差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组前壁与侧壁室壁增厚率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组前壁与侧壁室壁增厚率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);前壁心肌相对CT值及室壁增厚率A、B两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而舒张末期心肌厚度A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:DSCTA评价左冠状动脉前降支管腔临界狭窄联合节段心肌CT值、舒张末期心肌厚度及室壁增厚率分析,可为NSTE-ACS的诊断及治疗提供依据.     

评价室壁瘤患者左室整体和局部收缩与舒张功能受损情况

目的:利用放射性核素心室造影技术评价前壁心肌梗死后室壁瘤形成对左心室整体和局部的收缩及舒张功能的影响。材料和方法:患者分为对照组(G0)15名,单纯前壁心肌梗死组(G1)29名,前壁心肌梗死并发室壁瘤组(G2)15名。运用放射性核素心室造影检查技术测定心功能指标:①左室整体收缩功能参数:LVEF、TPE、PER、1/3EF、1/3ER。②左室整体舒张功能参数:TPF、PFR、1/3FF、1/3FR。③左室局部收缩功能参数:LVREF (6个节段)。④左室局部舒张功能参数:LVR1/3FF(6个节段)。结果:①左室整体收缩功能参数,在LVEF、PER、1/3EF、1/3ER中,G2较G1和G0有明显下降(P<0.001)。②左室整体舒张功能参数,PFR、1/3FF、1/3FR,G2比G1和G0有明显下降(P<0.001)。③左室局部收缩功能参数,LVREF在所有1-6节段G2较G1和G0有明显下降(P<0.01)。④左室舒张功能参数,LVR1/3FF在所有1-6节段G2较G1和G0有明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:左心室壁瘤的形成对左心室整体和局部的收缩和舒张功能已经构成了严重的损害。     

容积CT主动脉根部结构及其动态变化的影像学研究

目的应用容积CT全心动周期成像技术探讨正常主动脉根部解剖结构及其动态变化规律。资料与方法 2011年3月至8月间共50名来本院体检的正常成人,行单容积全心动周期CT心脏成像,所得影像资料经多期重组及相应后处理心功能分析软件处理,测量主动脉窦管交界以远2 cm、1 cm处主动脉内径(A2、A1),窦管交界部内径(B),主动脉窦内径(S),主动脉瓣环内径(O),左、右冠状动脉开口至同侧窦底垂直距离(L、R),并分析其在左室收缩末期和舒张末期之间、同期轴位前后径与左右径之间的变化规律,测量左室射血分数(LVEF),左室心肌质量(LV mass)及主动脉瓣开放面积、主动脉瓣环面积等参数。结果 (1)两名测量者对主动脉根部各径线测量结果一致性良好(r=0.765～0.803,P>0.05);(2)主动脉窦管交界以远2 cm处内径(A2)在左室收缩末期和舒张末期间差异有统计学意义(t=3.100、2.622,P<0.05);轴位测量窦管交界水平(S)同期相主动脉前后径(a-p)与左右径(r-l)测量值差异无统计学意义(t=0.418、-0.030,P>0.05);正常左右冠状动脉开口至同侧窦底收缩末期及舒张末期距离分别为(15.36±2.13)mm、(15.46±2.29)mm和(13.31±3.01)mm、(13.64±2.59)mm,且在全心动周期内变化差异无统计学意义(t=-0.274、-1.169,P>0.05);高度差均数为1.827 mm;(3)左室平均射血分数(67.00±4.40)%,平均左心室心肌质量(129.01±28.90)g,平均主动脉瓣口开放面积(323.64±78.94)mm2,平均主动脉瓣环面积(462.09±76.23)mm2,平均主动脉窦面积(916.36±209.93)mm2。结论应用容积CT全心动周期采集模式可以分析主动脉根部细微结构及其动态变化规律,并测量左心室功能,在主动脉根部病变诊治领域有着良好的应用前景。     

Reproducibility study of left ventricular measurements with breath-hold cine MRI using a semiautomated volumetric image analysis program

The reproducibility of a semiautomated method of volumetric analysis allowing estimates of left ventricular (LV) parameters in approximately 5 minutes of analysis time is reported. Twenty normal volunteers underwent cine breath-hold cardiac MRI on two occasions with two observers using this new semiautomated method to estimate LV parameters. Reproducibility of this technique was comparable to published data with a variability of less than approximately 10% for all LV parameters calculated. Using this technique, the 95% confidence limits for change for left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) = ± 15 ml, left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) = ± 8 ml, LV mass = ± 24 g, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = ± 6%. This new method also compared favorably to established manual methods. This new method permits estimation of LV parameters with acceptable reproducibility in a time that may permit routine quantitation of cardiac MR studies.     

三平面组织同步成像定量评价冠心病患者左心室节段非同步运动

目的 探讨三平面组织同步成像技术定量评价冠心病患者左心室节段收缩非同步性运动及其与左心室收缩功能的关系.资料与方法 34例冠心病患者和35例正常对照者,应用三平面组织同步成像技术获得心尖四腔切面组织速度图,获取左心室6个壁共12个节段的收缩期达峰时间(Tp)、达峰速度(Vp),并计算Tp、Vp的标准差(Tp-SD、Vp-SD)及12个节段中任意2个节段Tp、Vp的最大差值( Tp-maxD、Vp-maxD).同时采用Simpson双平面法测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积(LVESV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVEDV).结果 冠心病组LVEDV、LVESV较正常对照组增加,LVEF较正常对照组减小,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.001).与正常对照组相比,冠心病组Tp、Tp-SD、Tp-maxD均明显延迟,Vp、Vp-SD、Vp-maxD均明显降低(P＜0.001);Tp与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.559,P＜0.001);Vp与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.801,P＜ 0.001).结论 三平面组织同步成像可用于定量评价冠心病患者左心室非同步运动,Tp、Tp-SD、Tp-maxD、Vp、Vp-SD、Vp-maxD 可作为定量评价左室收缩运动同步性的有效指标,且左室运动同步性异常加重左室收缩功能异常.