界面类型对三维Nextel 720纤维增韧莫来石陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的影响

采用化学气相渗透工艺在Nextel 720纤维表面制备PyC和PyC／SiC两种涂层，然后以正硅酸乙酯和异丙醇铝作为先驱体，以先驱体浸渗热解法制备三维Nextd 720纤维增韧莫来石陶瓷基复合材料，比较分析了两种涂层复合材料的力学性能和断裂模式。结果表明：具预先涂覆PyC的复合材料中纤维与基体直接接触，发生烧结形成强结合界面，复合材料脆性断裂，三点抗弯强度仅56MPa。PyC／SiC涂层则演化为间隙／SiC复合界面层，SiC成为阻滞纤维与基体接触的阻挡层，间隙保证了纤维拔出，复合材料韧性断裂且三点抗弯强度高达267．2MPa。     

裂解碳包覆对SiC纳米纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料性能的影响

以SiC纳米纤维(SiC_nf)为增强体,通过化学气相沉积在SiC纳米纤维表面沉积裂解碳(PyC)包覆层,并与SiC粉体、Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃烧结助剂共混制备陶瓷素坯,采用热压烧结工艺制备质量分数为10%的SiC纳米纤维增强SiC陶瓷基(SiC_nf/SiC)复合材料。研究了PyC包覆层沉积时间对SiC_nf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的致密度、断裂面微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在1 100 ℃下沉积60 min制备的PyC包覆层厚度为10 nm,且为结晶度较好的层状石墨结构;相比于纤维表面无包覆层的复合材料,复合材料的断裂韧性提高了35%,达到最大值(19.35±1.17) MPa·m^1/2,抗弯强度为(375.5±8.5) MPa,致密度为96.68%。复合材料的断裂截面可见部分纳米纤维拔出现象,但SiC_nf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料界面结合仍较强,纳米纤维拔出短,表现为脆性断裂。     

2.5维碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的力学性能

采用低压化学气相渗透法制备了具有热解碳界面层的2.5维SiCf/SiC复合材料.研究了界面层厚度和基体制备工艺对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:0.1μm厚的界面层使材料的弯曲强度提高了104.2%从144增加到294MPa),材料表现为非灾难性断裂;界面层厚度进一步增加(到0.161μm),纤维的增强效果减弱,材料的断裂行为变差.基体制备温度由1050℃降到950℃时,材料强度增加了≈45%(从188增加到274MPa):制备压力由8kPa增加到16kPa时,气孔率升高,SiC基体晶粒形状由菱形变为球形.基体的球形晶粒有利于提高材料的承载能力,虽然复合材料的气孔率较高,但其弯曲强度却稍有增加.     

低压化学气相渗透法制备2.5维SiCf/SiC复合材料

采用低压化学气相渗透法制备了具有和不具有热解炭界面层的2.5维连续SiC纤维增强的SiC复合材料(SiCf/SiC).SiC纤维的体积分数为30%和41%.所制备复合材料的气孔率为20%左右.当纤维为30%时,沉积有0.1 μm热解炭界面层的复合材料的弯曲强度由未加热解炭界面层的232MPa增加到328MPa,而且材料由灾难性断裂转变为非灾难性断裂.在同一制备条件下,纤维体积分数为41%的SiCf/SiC比30%的SiCf/SiC具有更高的气孔率.纤维为41%时,热解炭界面层厚度为0.1 μm的SiCf/SiC的弯曲强度只有244MPa,但是它具有更高的韧性和更长的纤维拔出长度.     

C_f/ZrB_2–ZrC–SiC超高温陶瓷基复合材料的设计、制备及性能

提出了溶胶–凝胶孔道构建–反应熔渗制备新方法,首先通过溶胶凝胶方法在纤维预制体中引入B_4C–C多孔体,获得C_f/B_4C–C多孔预成型体结构;在此基础上,结合反应熔渗Si–Zr合金,获得C_f/ZrB_2–ZrC–SiC超高温陶瓷基复合材料。研究了C_f/B_4C–C多孔预成型体结构对RMI过程和材料性能的影响,并揭示了孔隙结构对基体分布和界面损伤及复合材料性能的影响规律。结果表明:通过灵活调控C_f/B_4C–C孔隙结构可实现复合材料中ZrB_2–ZrC–SiC基体分布改善和(PyC–SiC)_2界面损伤缓解,大幅提升材料性能。当预成型体孔隙结构为25.9%和58.0μm时,制备的C_f/ZrB_2–ZrC–SiC复合材料基体可均匀分布于纤维束间和束内,同时纤维能得到良好的保护,材料表现出最优的力学性能(抗弯强度231 MPa)。     

纳米SiO2对先驱体浸渍裂解法制备SiCf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以纳米SiO2为填料,采用先驱体浸渍裂解法制备2.5D-SiCf/SiC（D为维数,SiCf为SiC纤维）复合材料,研究了前驱液中纳米SiO2含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2的添加能有效抑制先驱体裂解过程中的体积收缩,提高致密度,但过量引入易导致浸渍液黏度过高,浸渍效率降低。纳米SiO2含量对材料力学性能有较大影响,添加纳米SiO2后材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性均高于没有添加的样品,材料抗弯强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加先增大后降低。当浸渍液中纳米SiO2含量为6%时,复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度达到211.1MPa。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3f/Al_2O_3复合材料及其性能研究

本文采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)在三维氧化铝纤维预制体上沉积热解碳(PyC)界面层,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝纤维/PyC/氧化铝基体复合材料和无界面复合材料。通过三点弯曲实验分析其力学性能,扫描电子显微镜观察其断口微观结构。结果表明,当热解碳界面层厚度分别为0.6μm和0.8μm时,复合材料所对应的弯曲强度分别为231.3 MPa和158.2 MPa,与无界面复合材料弯曲强度55.8 MPa相比,力学性能分别提高314.5%和183.5%。通过微观结构分析发现利用热解碳界面可充分发挥连续纤维拨出、界面脱粘和裂纹偏转等增韧机制,实现材料脆韧转变。     

SiCf/SiC复合材料高温抗氧化研究进展

连续SiC纤维增韧SiC陶瓷基复合材料(SiCf/SiC CMCs)具有低密度、优异的高温力学性能和抗氧化性能,在航空发动机热端部件上具有广阔的应用前景,具备提高发动机推重比和使用温度、减轻无效重量、简化系统结构等显著优势.延长SiCf/SiC复合材料在航空发动机高温氧化环境下的服役寿命是当前需要解决的难题.本文从纤维、界面相、基体、表面涂层四个方面综述了SiCf/SiC复合材料高温抗氧化研究进展.采用多元多层自愈合界面相、对基体进行改性以及采用表面自愈合整体涂层都可以有效提高SiCf/SiC复合材料在高温氧化环境中的使用稳定性和寿命.     

多层界面相对SiCf/SiC复合材料综合性能的影响

界面相的存在对于SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能和抗氧化性能有重要影响,选择合适的界面相对于复合材料本身性能至关重要。本工作采用化学气相渗透工艺制备了具有三种不同界面的SiCf/SiC复合材料,即：SiCf/BN/SiC;SiCf/(BN-SiC)/SiC和SiCf/(BN-SiC-BN)/SiC,研究了多层界面相对材料本身力学性能和抗氧化性能影响。结果表明,界面相的存在有利于维持并提高材料本身的力学性能和抗氧化性能,并且在三种复合材料中,SiCf/(BN-SiC-BN)/SiC复合材料在1200 ℃高温有氧环境强度保有率最高约为95%,并且呈现出更好的自愈合能力。     

Nicalon SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料制备工艺研究

本文对SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料的制备工艺进行了研究.将Nicalon SiC短纤维、SiC颗粒、钾长石、高岭土按设计的配方通过干法混合,干压成型后采用常压烧结法制备出SiCf/SiC复合材料;利用DTA分析混合粉体的热物理性能,采用XRD分析烧成前后材料的物相,利用SEM观察样品的显微结构,并测定了样品的致密度和抗弯强度.研究结果表明:常压烧结温度1115 ℃,保温时间2 h可制备出性能良好的SiCf/SiC复合材料.     

Mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites with alternating PyC/BN multilayer interfaces

Alternating pyrolytic carbon/boron nitride (PyC/BN)_n multilayer coatings were applied to the KD–II silicon carbide (SiC) fibres by chemical vapour deposition technique to fabricate continuous SiC fibre-reinforced SiC matrix (SiC_f/SiC) composites with improved flexural strength and fracture toughness. Three-dimensional SiC_f/SiC composites with different interfaces were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process. The microstructure of the coating was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X–photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The interfacial shear strength was determined by the single-fibre push-out test. Single-edge notched beam (SENB) test and three-point bending test were used to evaluate the influence of multilayer interfaces on the mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites. The results indicated that the (PyC/BN)_n multilayer interface led to optimum flexural strength and fracture toughness of 566.0?MPa and 21.5?MPa?m^1/2, respectively, thus the fracture toughness of the composites was significantly improved.     

The improvement of mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites by in situ introducing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on the PyC interface

In order to improve the mechanical properties, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were in situ introduced on the pyrocarbon (PyC) interfaces of the multilayer preform via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process under tailored parameters. Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process was then employed to densify the multilayer preform to acquire SiC/SiC composites. The results show that the growth of VACNTs on PyC interface is highly dependent to the deposition temperature, time and constituent of gas during CVD process. The preferred orientation and high graphitization of VACNTs were obtained when temperature is 800?℃ and C₂H₄/H₂ ratio is 1:3. The bending strength and fracture toughness of SiC/SiC composites with PyC and PyC-VACNTs interfaces were compared. Compared to the SiC/SiC composite with PyC interface, the bending strength and fracture toughness increase 1.298 and 1.359 times, respectively after the introduction of PyC-VACNTs interface to the SiC/SiC composites. It is also demonstrated that the modification of PyC interface with VACNTs enhances the mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites due to the occurrence of more fiber pull-outs, interfacial debonding, crack branching and deflection     

High-temperature flexural strength of I-CVI processed Cf/SiC composites with variable interphases

The effect of single-layer pyrocarbon (PyC) and multilayered (PyC/SiC)_n=4 interphases on the flexural strength of un-coated and SiC seal-coated stitched 2D carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C_f/SiC) composites was investigated. The composites were prepared by I-CVI process. Flexural strength of the composites was measured at 1200 °C in air atmosphere. It was observed that irrespective of the type of interphase, the seal coated samples showed a higher value of flexural strength as compared to the uncoated samples. The flexural strength of 470 ± 12 MPa was observed for the seal coated C_f/SiC composite samples with multilayered interphase. The seal coated samples with single layer PyC interphase showed flexural strength of 370 ± 20 MPa. The fractured surfaces of tested samples were analyzed in detail to study the fracture phenomena. Based on microstructure-property relations, a mechanism has been proposed for the increase of flexural properties of C_f/SiC composites having multilayered interphase.     

三维碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料的研究

采用结构为(PyC/SiC)n的多层复合模式的界面层,依次用化学气相渗透法和先驱体转化法相结合的增密工艺制备出三维Nicalon-SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料.所研制的材料具有较高的强度,而且表现出优异的韧性和类金属材料非灾难性断裂特征.复合材料的主要性能指标为:体积密度2.42 g/cm3,弯曲强度530 MPa.     

Hi-Nicalon/SiC Minicomposites with (Pyrocarbon/SiC)n Nanoscale Multilayered Interphases

SiC/SiC minicomposites that comprise different pyrocarbon/silicon carbide ((PyC/SiC) _n ) multilayered interphases and a tow of SiC fibers (Hi-Nicalon) have been prepared via pressure-pulsed chemical vapor infiltration. Pyrocarbon and SiC were deposited from propane and a CH₃SiCl₃/H₂ mixture, respectively. The microstructure of the interphases has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical tensile behavior of the minicomposites at room temperature exhibits the classical features of tough composites, regardless of the characteristics of the (PyC/SiC) sequences. The interfacial shear stress has been determined from the width of hysteresis loops upon unloading/reloading and from the crack-spacing distance at saturation. All the experimental data indicate that the strength of the fiber/interphase interfaces is rather weak (∼50 MPa).     

Appropriate thickness of pyrolytic carbon coating on SiC fiber reinforcement to secure reasonable quasi-ductility on NITE SiC/SiC composites

Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) coating of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers is an important technology that creates quasi-ductility to SiC/SiC composites. Nano-infiltration and transient eutectic-phase (NITE) process is appealing for the fabrication of SiC/SiC composites for use in high temperature system structures. However, the appropriate conditions for the PyC coating of the composites have not been sufficiently tested. In this research, SiC fibers, with several thick PyC coatings prepared using a chemical vapor infiltration continuous furnace, were used in the fabrication of NITE SiC/SiC composites. Three point bending tests of the composites revealed that the thickness of the PyC coating affected the quasi-ductility of the composites. The composites reinforced by 300?nm thick coated SiC fibers showed a brittle fracture behavior; the composites reinforced 500 and 1200?nm thick PyC coated SiC fibers exhibited a better quasi-ductility. Transmission electron microscope research revealed that the surface of the as-coated PyC coating on a SiC fiber was almost smooth, but the interface between the PyC coating and SiC matrix in a NITE SiC/SiC composite was very rough. The thickness of the PyC coating was considered to be reduced maximum 400?nm during the composite fabrication procedure. The interface was possibly damaged during the composite fabrication procedure, and therefore, the thickness of the PyC coating on the SiC fibers should be thicker than 500?nm to ensure quasi-ductility of the NITE SiC/SiC composites.     

Fabrication and characteristic of non-oxide fiber tow reinforced silicon nitride matrix composites by low temperature CVI process

Non-oxide fiber tow reinforced silicon nitride matrix composite was fabricated by low temperature CVI process with PyC as interphase. The tensile strength of the C and SiC fiber tow composites were 547 MPa and 740 MPa, respectively. The difference in tensile strength was analyzed based on the length, amount of pull-out fiber and also interface bonding. The infiltration uniformity of CVI silicon nitride (SiN) matrix within SiC fiber tow was comparable with that of CVI SiC matrix. These results suggested that the low temperature CVI process is suitable for the fabrication of fiber reinforced SiN matrix composites with proper interface bonding and high strength.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of quasi-isotropic chopped fiber-reinforced PyC–SiC matrix composite prepared by novel nondamaging method

In this work, quasi-isotropic chopped carbon fiber-reinforced pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide matrix (C_f/C–SiC) composites and chopped silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC_f/SiC) composites were prepared via novel nondamaging method, namely airlaid process combined with chemical vapor infiltration. Both composites exhibit random fiber distribution and homogeneous pore size. Young's modulus of highly textured pyrolytic carbon (PyC) matrix is 23.01 ± 1.43 GPa, and that of SiC matrix composed of columnar crystals is 305.8 ± 9.49 GPa in C_f/C–SiC composites. Tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of C_f/C–SiC composites are 52.56 ± 4.81 and 98.16 ± 24.62 MPa, respectively, which are both higher than those of SiC_f/SiC composites because of appropriate interfacial shear strength and introduction of low-modulus and highly textured PyC matrix. Excellent mechanical properties of C_f/C–SiC composites, particularly regarding interlaminar shear strength, are due to their quasi-isotropic structure, interfacial debonding, interfacial sliding, and crack deflection. In addition to the occurrence of crack deflection at the fiber/matrix interface, crack deflection in C_f/C–SiC composites takes also place at the interface between PyC–SiC composite matrix and the interlamination of multilayered PyC matrix. Outstanding mechanical properties of as-prepared C_f/C–SiC composites render them potential candidates for application as thermal structure materials under complex stress conditions.