HPLC测定兔血浆中的藁本内酯

目的 采用HPLC测定兔血浆中藁本内酯的浓度.方法 样品经正己烷萃取后进样分析.色谱柱为Kromasil C18(150mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75:25),流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长328 nm,测定兔灌胃100 mg·kg-1当归挥发油有效部位后的血药浓度变化.结果 藁本内酯在血浆中的线性范围为0.2～6.4 μg·ml-1,最低检测浓度为0.1 μg·ml-1,日内和日间RSD均小于8%,平均回收率分别为97.18%、93.91%.兔灌胃后,Tpeak=1.28±0.12 h,Cmax=3.86±0.24 μg·ml-1,t1/2α=2.04±0.20 h.结论 所建方法符合生物样品的测定要求,可用于兔血浆中藁本内酯的测定和药物动力学研究.     

复方当归微乳中桂皮醛和藁苯内酯的含量测定

目的 建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定复方当归微乳中主成分藁苯内酯和桂皮醛的含量,为其质量标准的建立提供依据. 方法 色谱柱为Inertsil ODS 3柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(55：45),流速1.0 mL.min^-1,检测波长：285 nm,柱温30 ℃. 结果桂皮醛在0.484 5～38.750 0 μg.mL^-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y＝27.060X-1.586 (r＝0.999 8),加样回收率为99.60%,日内和日间精密度RSD低于1.25%;藁本内酯在0.531 0～106.100 0 μg.mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为Y＝13.930X＋1.344(r＝0.999 8),加样回收率为98.92%,日内和日间精密度RSD低于1.25%. 结论 建立的HPLC法专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于复方当归微乳的质量控制.     

RP-HPLC法测定自微乳中雷公藤红素的含量

目的:建立测定自微乳制剂中雷公藤红素含量的HPLC方法.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3C18,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-1％甲酸溶液(85∶10∶5),流速为1.0 ml·min-1,紫外检测波长为425 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为20 μl.结果:雷公藤红素与辅料及溶剂峰分离良好,雷公藤红素在1.0～100 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为:Y=5141.09X-7 116.88(r=0.999 9);加样回收率分别为102.06％、102.03％和97.90％,日内、日间RSD均＜1.0％.结论:该方法简便快速、准确、重现性好,能有效测定自微乳制剂中雷公藤红素的含量.     

祛腐再生膏的质量标准研究

目的:提高祛腐再生膏的质量标准,更好地控制产品质量。方法 :采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对该制剂中当归和白芷药材进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定制剂中藁本内酯的含量,色谱条件:色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.05%三氟乙酸水(58∶42);流速为1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长为328 nm;柱温为30℃。结果:薄层色谱法可检出当归和白芷,斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性无干扰;藁本内酯在0.040 6~2.03μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8),藁本内酯的平均回收率为98.26%,RSD=2.48%(n=9)。结论:本文方法简便、专属性好、准确,可作为祛腐再生膏的质量控制标准。     

双波长HPLC法同时测定止痢宁片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定止痢宁片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量的方法.方法:色谱柱:CAPCELL PAK-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-水(48:52);流速为1.0 ml·min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长:225 nm(穿心莲内酯)、250 nm(脱水穿心莲内酯);进样量:5 μl.结果:穿心莲内酯在4.17～41.68 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9)、脱水穿心莲内酯在4.04～40.40 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9)浓度范围内线性关系良好;穿心莲内酯回收率为99.21%(RSD=1.3%,n=6),脱水穿心莲内酯回收率98.73%(RSD=1.1%,n=6).结论:该方法简单、准确,可作为止痢宁片的质量控制.     

HPLC测定复方木香小檗碱片中的木香烃内酯

目的 测定不同批次复方木香小檗碱片中木香烃内酯的含量.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(70∶30),检测波长225 nm,流速1.0 mL· min-1,柱温25℃,进样体积10 μL.结果 木香烃内酯10.78～107.8 μg· mL-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999,n=9),平均加样回收率为99.86％,RSD=1.4％(n=9);5批次复方木香小檗碱片中的木香烃内酯的含量为0.08％.结论 所用方法简单、稳定,木香烃内酯的含量可作为复方木香小檗碱片的品质评价依据之一.     

紫外分光光度法测定川芎油中的总内酯

目的 采用紫外分光光度测定川芎油中的总内酯.方法 以藁本内酯作对照品,样品和对照品中加入4 ml 30 mg·ml-1的NaOH溶液,30℃保温反应30 min后,于305 nm测定吸光度.结果 藁本内酯2.95～23.6 μg·ml-1与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,其同归方程为:Y=36.8X+0.009(r=0.9998),总内酯的平均回收率为98.1%,RSD=1.1%.3批川芎油含量测定的结果分别为51.3%、53.0%、57.5%.结论 所建方法可以作为川芎油中总内酯的含量测定方法.     

HPLC测定复方穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量

目的 建立测定复方穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量的方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamonsil-C18柱,甲醇-水(70∶30)为流动相,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长225 nm,柱温为室温。结果 穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的平均回收率分别为96.6％、96.8％,分析方法精密度(RSD)分别为1.83％和1.50％(n=6)。结论 所用方法简便、准确,能有效地控制该制剂的质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定川芎内酯软胶囊中4种苯酞成分

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定川芎内酯软胶囊中苯酞类化学成分洋川芎内酯-Ⅰ、洋川芎内酯-H、瑟丹酸内酯、藁本内酯的含量。方法 Shiseido Capcell Pak C18 MGⅡ色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速:0.7 m L·min-1,柱温:30℃,检测波长为280 nm,进样量:10μL。结果 4个化合物与周围干扰峰达到基线分离,线性范围分别为洋川芎内酯-Ⅰ0.193 3⁴.832μg·m L-1(r=0.993 8);洋川芎内酯-H 0.080 644.832μg·m L-1(r=0.993 8);洋川芎内酯-H 0.080 64².016μg·m L-1(r=0.999 8);瑟丹酸内酯3.4152.016μg·m L-1(r=0.999 8);瑟丹酸内酯3.415⁸5.38μg·m L-1(r=0.999 8);藁本内酯11.7985.38μg·m L-1(r=0.999 8);藁本内酯11.79²94.7μg·m L-1(r=0.999 2)。RSD均<2%(n=6),平均加样回收率在95%294.7μg·m L-1(r=0.999 2)。RSD均<2%(n=6),平均加样回收率在95%¹02%(n=6)。川芎内酯软胶囊中洋川芎内酯-Ⅰ、洋川芎内酯-H、瑟丹酸内酯、藁本内酯的含量分别为0.335 0、0.112 0、6.208、16.84 mg·g-1(n=3)。结论该法简便、快捷、结果准确、重复性好、实用性强,可用于川芎内酯软胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定圣愈汤冻干粉中4个指标成分的含量

目的:建立测定圣愈汤冻干粉中阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯、黄芪甲苷含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定3批冻干粉样品4种成分含量。测定阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯的色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-SP C_(18),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为330 nm,检测器为二极管阵列检测器,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL;测定黄芪甲苷的色谱柱为Kromasil C_(18),流动相为乙腈-水(32∶68,V/V),检测器为蒸发光散射检测器,漂移管温度为100℃,载气(空气)流量为2.5 L/min,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯和黄芪甲苷进样量线性范围分别为0.050 15～10.03μg(r=0.999 8)、0.067 80～13.56μg(r=0.999 9)、0.057 30～11.46μg(r=0.999 5)、1.128～11.28μg(r=0.999 3);检测限分别为2.12×10~(-4)、1.30×10~(-3)、8.02×10~(-4)、1.09×10~(-3)μg,定量限分别为7.43×10~(-4)、3.87×10~(-3)、2.34×10~(-3)、3.36×10~(-3)μg;精密度、稳定性(12 h)、重复性试验的RSD均小于2%(n=6);平均加样回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=0.83%,n=6)、100.9%(RSD=1.07%,n=6)、98.8%(RSD=0.84%,n=6)和101.3%(RSD=0.99%,n=6)。3批样品中阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯和黄芪甲苷的含量分别为1.225～1.248、0.413～0.424、0.325～0.332、0.394～0.404 mg/g(批间RSD<1.5%)。结论:建立的含量测定方法稳定性、重复性好,能够快速、准确地测定圣愈汤冻干粉中阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、藁本内酯和黄芪甲苷的含量。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.