Tribological behavior of Cr N-coated Cr–Mo–V steels used as die materials

DIN 1.2343 and 1.2367 steels are commonly used as die materials in aluminum extrusion, and single/duplex/multi-coatings enhance their surface properties. The design of an appropriate substrate/coating system is important for improving the tribological performance of these steels under service conditions because the load-carrying capacity of the system can be increased by decreasing the plastic deformation of the substrate. In this study, the tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr–Mo–V steels(DIN 1.2343, 1.2367, and 1.2999 grades) was investigated using different setups and tribological pairs at room and elevated temperatures. The aim of this study was to reveal the wear resistance of a suggested system(1.2999/CrN) not yet studied and to understand both the wear and the failure characteristics of coated systems. The results showed that(i) among the steels studied, the DIN 1.2999 grade steel exhibited the lowest friction coefficient because it had the highest load-carrying capacity as a result of secondary hardening at elevated temperatures;(ii) at room temperature, both abrasive tracks and adhesive layers were observed on the worn surfaces; and(iii) a combination of chemical reactions and progressive oxidation caused aluminum adhesion on the worn surface, and the detachment of droplets and microcracking were the characteristic damage mechanisms at high temperatures.     

Tempering stability of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels

The tempering stability of three Fe-Cr-Mo-W-V hot forging die steels (DM, H21, and H13) was investigated through hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Both dilatometer tests and TEM observations revealed that DM steel has a higher tempering stability than H21 and H13 steels because of its substantial amount of M₂C (M represents metallic element) carbide precipitations. The activation energies of the M₂C carbide precipitation processes in DM, H21, and H13 steels are 236.4, 212.0, and 228.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that vanadium atoms both increase the activation energy and affect the evolution of M₂C carbides, resulting in gradual dissolution rather than over-aging during tempering.     

CrN/Cr镀膜改性的H13钢摩擦学性能

为提高AISIH13钢的硬度和耐磨性能,采用多弧离子镀(multi-arc)方法在H13钢表面沉积CrN/Cr双层膜。在600V直流负偏压下对样品表面进行氩离子轰击,随后沉积Cr中间层,采用3种不同的氮气分压,在200V直流负偏压下沉积CrN膜。SRV往复式摩擦磨损实验及表面形貌分析显示,H13钢镀膜样品磨痕深度只有未镀膜样品的1/4,膜层的显微硬度可达HV=1684,高于未镀膜样品的HV=780。膜层的主要相成分是CrN、Cr2N和少量的Cr。     

含磷添加剂在植物油中的摩擦学性能

为了分析含磷添加剂在植物油中的摩擦学性能，选择磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)作为植物油添加剂，利用四球机对比法进行了摩擦磨损试验。分析了植物油与含磷添加剂之间的作用机理，含上述添加剂的植物油在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应，生成了由甘油脂和摩擦化学反应产物组成的边界润滑膜，从而改善植物油的摩擦学性能。结果表明，TBP和TPP能明显改善植物油的抗磨性，并有效提高植物油的承载能力。     

铝合金表面机械球磨Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层的制备及其摩擦特性研究

通过机械球磨方法在铝合金表面制备了Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层,对涂层微观组织、组成成分和摩擦学性能等进行了分析.结果表明:经过7 h机械球磨制备的Ni-Al-Mo复合涂层内元素均匀分布;550℃退火后涂层中均有Al3 Ni金属间化合物新相生成;复合涂层中Al3 Ni和Mo的存在使得涂层硬度高于铝合金基体和Ni-Al涂层,...     

Tribological behaviors of some polymeric materials in sea water

Ocean tribology, a new research field of tribology, is being established and developing. The investigation on the tribology in sea water has important significance to ocean exploitation. In this paper, the tribological behaviors of UHMWPE, PTFE as well as Ekonol/PTFE, graphite/PTFE and CF/PTFE sliding against GCr15 steel and Ni-Cr-WC alloy in sea water were investigated, and compared with those in pure water. Results show that the main factors that affect the tribological behaviors of five polymeric materials in sea water are the corrosive effect and lubricating effect of sea water. When polymeric materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water, owing to serious corrosion of counterface by sea water, the surface roughness of the counterface increases largely. As a result, the lubricating effect of medium decreases sharply and the plowing effect of counterface increases greatly. So the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water are much larger than those under other conditions. Such wear model, depending on the corrosion of counterface by medium, can be called indirect corrosive wear. Under other three conditions, owing to the more superior lubricating effect of sea water than pure water and the better wettability of Ni-Cr-WC than GCr15, the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials increase in the following order： sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in sea water 〈 sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in pure water 〈 sliding against GCr15 in pure water. Moreover, compared with other materials, CF/PTFE is the one with more superior plowing and wear resistance in pure and sea water, which is a potential frictional material well suitable for pure and sea water lubrication.     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜合金组织及摩擦学性能的影响

对铝青铜合金(Cu-10%Al-4?)进行了等通道转角挤压(ECAE)热加工处理,研究了ECAE对合金微观组织、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:ECAE热挤压后合金的晶粒显著细化,晶粒尺寸随着挤压道次的增加而逐步减小;晶粒细化导致合金的硬度与屈服强度显著增加,提高了合金抵抗塑性变形能力,减轻了磨粒对合金表面的犁削作用;ECAE热挤压细化了合金中的第二相,减小了脱落硬质颗粒压入合金表面的深度与宽度,降低了合金的磨损量,提高了合金的摩擦学性能.     

淬火态W6Mo5Cr4V2冷冲模具钢冲击磨损性能研究

文章在改进的MLD-10型冲击腐蚀磨损试验机上对W6Mo5Cr4V2进行了冲击磨损实验,通过对冲击磨损实验后试样的失重、SEM分析,得出淬火态W6Mo5Cr4V2具有较高的抗冲击磨损性能。SEM照片显示裂纹扩展方向平行于表面,W6Mo5Cr4V2冲击磨损机制为疲劳断裂。     

纳米碳管化学复合镀层摩擦磨损行为

为了进一步提高Ni-P合金镀层的耐磨性,采用化学镀方法使纳米碳管与镍磷在45#钢上共沉积制得纳米碳管耐磨复合镀层。结果表明：纳米碳管已均匀镶嵌在镍磷晶胞上,在干摩擦条件下,纳米碳管复合镀层的耐磨性明显优于纳米碳化硅复合镀层,更优于普通镍磷镀层,并对纳米碳管复合镀层的磨损机理进行了研究。     

表面修饰纳米粒子的摩擦学性能

分别用沉淀法和溶胶－凝胶法合成了二烷基二硫代磷酸（ＤＤＰ）、硬脂酸修饰的ＭｏＳ２、ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子,并用作油品添加剂．通过表面修饰的方法不但解决了油溶性问题,而且由于修饰层控制了粒子的长大和团聚．在四球机上研究其摩擦学性质．试验结果表明,有机基团修饰的纳米粒子具有优良的抗磨、减摩能力,并根据摩擦表面光电子能谱分析提出润滑机理假设．     

Al对热挤压模具钢 SDAH13连续冷却转变规律的影响

采用热膨胀仪测定Al质量分数分别为0.77%和1.43%以及无Al的热挤压模具钢SDAH13的连续冷却转变曲线,并结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜及显微硬度仪分析Al元素对SDAH13钢相变点、连续转变规律、组织以及硬度的影响.结果表明：Al元素显著提高SDAH13钢的Ac1、Ac3和Ms点,降低淬火残留奥氏体含量,同时扩大铁素体及奥氏体两相区.在1060℃奥氏体化温度下,Al元素对SDAH13钢贝氏体相变的临界冷速(0.30℃·s-1)无明显影响,但使贝氏体相区变宽,Al质量分数分别为0.77%和1.43%的SDAH13钢的珠光体相变的临界冷速(0.05℃·s-1和0.3℃·s-1)均高于无Al的SDAH13钢的临界冷速(0.02℃·s-1),且Al质量分数为1.43%的SDAH13钢在0.02~0.08℃·s-1冷速下出现先共析铁素体组织. Al的加入还使SDAH13钢淬火硬度有所降低.