配橡胶内衬复合材料板壳的敲击法无损检测

配橡胶内衬的复合材料板壳可以模拟真实纤维缠绕压力容器。本文通过比较复合材料被撞击的时间历程和频域曲线,检测了复合材料缠绕层与内衬之间、内衬与内衬之间的损伤区,并对某型火箭发动机壳体的缩小比例试件进行了实际检测。     

纤维缠绕复合材料壳体刚度衰减模型数值模拟

应用微分几何理论,推导出纤维缠绕复合材料壳体的非测地线缠绕轨迹、包角方程及绕丝头运动方程,得到缠绕过程的动态仿真模拟数据。将封头处变化的缠绕角、厚度等实际工艺参数直接用于壳体结构的理论分析。采用叠层的增量本构关系,模拟层合板壳结构的损伤过程,建立了损伤后刚度衰减模型及刚度退化准则,并通过实验确定了刚度衰减系数。应用此模型对纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器进行了数值分析。结果表明:纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器封头处损伤会导致其弯曲刚度降低,这是影响轴向变形的重要因素。      

纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶内衬的屈曲分析

为深入了解纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶的内衬屈曲情况,基于ANSYS有限元软件,运用数值模拟方法对纤维缠绕复合材料气瓶的金属内衬结构进行屈曲分析,建立了复合气瓶内衬结构的有限元模型,采用特征值法分析得出内衬1~10阶的屈曲模态,并利用非线性稳定法绘出内衬位移量随外压变化曲线.结果表明,计算得到的内衬临界失稳外压为0.199 MPa,与复合气瓶内衬外压试验结果相符合,证实了本文对于复合气瓶内衬屈曲分析的可靠性.     

复合材料缠绕压力容器的失效风险分析

压力容器的可靠性和安全性将直接影响到空间系统或导弹使命的成败。分析了可能导致复合材料缠绕压力容器失效的危险因素,详细介绍了应力断裂、撞击损伤、内衬泄漏等危险因素的分析和预测方法,并给出了某复合材料缠绕压力容器的失效风险分析结果。     

复合材料气瓶的有限元建模与屈曲分析

复合材料气瓶在空间系统中逐渐取代全金属气瓶而得到越来越广泛的应用.利用ANSYS大型有限元程序建立复合材料气瓶及其内衬的有限元模型,建模中将纤维缠绕层作为复合材料层合板处理,考虑了封头处缠绕层厚度及缠绕角沿子午线不断变化的情况.建立了气瓶整体结构的特征值屈曲分析与非线性屈曲分析有限元方程,并分别进行了气瓶整体结构和内衬的外压失稳(屈曲)分析计算,得出了气瓶整体结构及内衬的屈曲模态形状和临界外压.     

内衬聚偏氟乙烯热塑层的纤维缠绕复合材料管径向平压性能

纤维缠绕角度、纤维缠绕层厚度及碳/玻纤维混杂比是影响内衬聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)热塑层的纤维增强热固性复合材料缠绕管径向平压性能的重要因素,其性能直接决定复合材料缠绕管产品掩埋深度和抗碾压能力。将PVDF颗粒经挤出机制成PVDF管,然后以表面喷砂处理后的PVDF管为内衬芯管,采用湿法缠绕技术制备不同结构参数的复合材料缠绕管。利用管平行板外载平压性能测试方法,测试了3种结构参数对复合材料管径向平压性能的影响,并分析其破坏模式与失效机理。结果表明,随缠绕层厚度的增加,径向压缩强度和径向压缩模量逐渐增大;随着缠绕角度的增大,径向压缩强度和径向压缩模量先增大后减小;另外,随着碳/玻纤维混杂比的提高,复合材料缠绕管的压缩强度和压缩模量相应增加。     

一种无焊缝连接金属内衬复合材料压力容器的制备工艺及其液压实验

纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器(COPV)由于其轻质高强及先漏后爆等特性在航空航天、路面交通和石油化工等领域得到广泛应用.基于纤维缠绕工艺的特点,提出了一种新型无焊缝连接金属内衬COPV结构及其制备工艺.并通过缠绕工艺及在封头直边设置密封槽,解决了内衬的封头与筒体之间的连续性和密封性问题.基于该结构的特点,一种辅助成型工装被...     

缠绕图型对纤维缠绕复合材料力学性能影响的有限元模拟

针对纤维缠绕复合材料结构中存在纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替的特点,建立了一种分析缠绕图型对缠绕复合材料结构力学性能影响的有限元方法。采用ABAQUS有限元软件,分析了考虑纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替后缠绕复合材料圆柱壳的应力、应变分布规律,并且研究了缠绕图型对缠绕圆柱壳屈曲临界载荷的影响。结果表明:采用层合板模型计算得到的圆柱壳的应力分布比较均匀;考虑纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替后,缠绕复合材料圆柱壳的应力不再均匀分布,应力云图出现规则分布的菱形图案,在菱形区域中纤维交叉起伏和铺层走向交替处的应力有明显的波动。本实验有限元模型中的菱形特征单元可以反映缠绕复合材料纤维交叉起伏和铺层走向交替的实际情况。     

缠绕图型对纤维缠绕复合材料力学性能影响的有限元模拟

针对纤维缠绕复合材料结构中存在纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替的特点,建立了一种分析缠绕图型对缠绕复合材料结构力学性能影响的有限元方法。采用ABAQUS有限元软件,分析了考虑纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替后缠绕复合材料圆柱壳的应力、应变分布规律,并且研究了缠绕图型对缠绕圆柱壳屈曲临界载荷的影响。结果表明:采用层合板模型计算得到的圆柱壳的应力分布比较均匀;考虑纤维束交叉起伏和铺层走向交替后,缠绕复合材料圆柱壳的应力不再均匀分布,应力云图出现规则分布的菱形图案,在菱形区域中纤维交叉起伏和铺层走向交替处的应力有明显的波动。本实验有限元模型中的菱形特征单元可以反映缠绕复合材料纤维交叉起伏和铺层走向交替的实际情况。     

静水压下含缺陷中厚复合材料圆柱耐压壳的极限强度

为探究静水压下含缺陷中厚复合材料圆柱耐压壳的极限强度，以湿法缠绕工艺制备中厚玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料(GFRP)圆柱耐压壳结构模型，对其初挠度进行测试，并开展静水压破坏试验，分析了结构的极限承载能力、应变响应和破坏模式。基于实测初挠度及破坏模式，建立含缺陷复合材料圆柱壳的非线性分析有限元模型，同时考虑壳体几何缺陷及承压过程中的复合材料面内损伤，编制ABAQUS接口子程序USDFLD，对模型的损伤过程进行数值模拟，获得静水压下含缺陷中厚复合材料圆柱壳的渐进失效过程，并与试验结果对比验证。研究表明：在静水压下中厚GFRP圆柱壳结构在破坏前载荷几乎呈线性增加，最终破坏模式为材料的压缩破坏，整体屈曲破坏模式不明显。考虑结构的几何缺陷和材料损伤演化后，采用非线性有限元模拟得到的壳体极限强度与试验结果吻合良好，可以作为预测含缺陷中厚复合材料圆柱壳极限强度的方法。采用该方法对影响中厚复合材料圆柱耐压壳极限强度的关键参数进行了研究，为深海复合材料耐压壳的研究设计提供参考。     

多角度交替缠绕复合圆筒的剩余应力算法及水压试验

针对含薄壁钢内衬碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）多角度交替缠绕复合圆筒的剩余应力计算问题,基于正交各向异性材料的厚壁圆筒理论和弹性叠加理论,提出了考虑卸去芯模影响的多角度交替缠绕下CFRP各层和钢内衬剩余应力的逐层叠加算法,研究了恒缠绕张力下,芯模厚度和螺旋层缠绕角对CFRP各层和钢内衬剩余应力的影响。计算表明：芯模厚度越大则CFRP层剩余应力越低,但芯模厚度过大将减弱缠绕张力对钢内衬的强化效应;螺旋层缠绕角约65°时,环向层剩余应力出现极小值,螺旋层剩余应力和内衬剩余应力均出现极大值。针对缠绕张力对钢内衬的强化效应,通过水压试验加载过程中钢内衬声发射特征与复合圆筒外壁应变测试,测得的钢内衬屈服载荷与理论预测值一致,基本证实了算法的有效性。为提高CFRP层缠绕质量,基于等剩余应力假设,提出了多角度交替缠绕张力制度优化设计思路,适用于内压管的张力制度优化。     

Characterization and assessment of an integrated matching layer for air-coupled ultrasonic applications

A novel ultrasonic matching layer for improving coupling between piezoelectric transducers and an air load is presented and the results of a theoretical and experimental program of work are provided. A combination of a porous material that has very low acoustic impedance with a low-density rubber material forms the basis of the approach. These matching layers were first analyzed experimentally using scanning electron and optical microscopy to determine the microscopic structure. Air-coupled resonance measurements were then performed to reveal the acoustic parameters of the individual layers that were identified within this multilayered structure. These data were then incorporated into a conventional linear model, and this has been verified and used to study performance and produce designs. Close correlation between experiment and theory is demonstrated. The most efficient designs have been implemented in a pitch/catch air-coupled system, and an improvement in received signal amplitude of 30 dB was achieved when compared with the unmatched case.     

Analysis of the mechanical properties of a reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP)

This paper describes the analysis of a long length reinforced thermoplastic pipe. For this new class of pipe, which is constructed of a polyethylene liner pipe over wrapped with two layers of non-impregnated twisted aramid cords, peculiar deformation behaviour was observed when a pipe was pressurised. This behaviour was found to be a result of a difference in cord-slack between the two reinforcement layers in conjunction with an unbalanced torsion moment generated by the two reinforcing layers. Cord slack is a certain surplus length of the reinforcing cords relative to the pipe geometry. The cord-slack is estimated for the two different layers and first incorporated into an earlier published model, based on a plane stress characterisation. As no substantial improvement has been achieved by this approach, a new model based on a plane strain characterisation is introduced. This model shows good agreement with the experimentally determined strains for the hydrostatic pressure load-case.     

Processing of Composite Gun Tubes with GLEEM and Hammer Forging

Refractory metal liners have been shown to extend the service life of gun tubes a considerable amount. The major technical hurdle to date has been keeping the liners in place during firing. To address this problem, composite gun tubes made of steel and pure niobium have been fabricated through a combination of the GLEEM (gun liner emplacement with an elastomeric material) and the hammer forging. The three barrels made by this approach were test fired in single-shot and burst-fire mode. One of the barrels whose liner had been cold-sprayed with tungsten carbide particles before the GLEEM process showed no liner movement in any of the tests. The success of this new liner processing technology to prevent liner movement offers the potential for further investigations of refractory metals that are more suitable as liner materials.     

ICVI法制备C/SiC复合材料构件的数值模拟

根据C/ SiC 复合材料的结构特点及等温化学气相浸渗法的工艺特点, 建立了C/ SiC 复合材料ICVI 致密化过程的数学模型, 并将该模型应用于C/ SiC 复合材料构件制备过程的数值模拟中。利用有限单元法, 对航空发动机用C/ SiC 复合材料小喉衬的ICVI 致密化行为进行了数值计算和分析。为了验证计算结果, 设计并进行了相应的对比实验, 对致密化后的喉衬构件进行了密度测量和CT 断层扫描无损检测。实验结果与模拟结果呈现出相同的变化规律并且两者之间偏差较小, 表明本文作者所建立的模型可以很好地描述C/ SiC 复合材料的ICVI 过程。利用该数学模型, 计算了ICVI 过程中喉衬构件的密度分布及其演变规律, 为ICVI 法制备C/ SiC 复合材料构件的进一步研究打下基础, 对ICVI 工艺的优化具有一定的指导意义。      

FRP橡胶隔振器水平剪切特性的初步研究

应用小波变换及自助理论对多自由度系统进行模态参数辨识。通过对结构系统响应信号进行小波变换将其表示在时频域内,在分析了小波变换的时频分辨率特性后,利用最小Shannon熵获取最优小波参数,并运用自助理论估计出模态参数分布的置信区间范围。数值仿真表明了该方法对模态参数估计的有效性。将所提方法应用于一个振动台的模态分析,实验结果表明,提出的小波自助模态参数辨识方法降低了模态参数辨识的难度,提高了模态频率和阻尼比的辨识精度。     

Shape memory polymer based self-healing syntactic foam: 3-D confined thermomechanical characterization

In this study, the thermomechanical behavior of a shape memory polymer (SMP) based syntactic foam under three-dimensional (3-D) confinement was investigated through strain-controlled programming and fully confined shape recovery tests. The 3-D confinement was created by encasing the foam in circular confining tubes and subjecting the foam cylinder to uniaxial compression. The parameters investigated included two programming temperatures, three types of confining tubes with varying lateral confinements, three prestrain levels, and one fully-confined recovery condition. A three-layer plane-stress analytical model was also developed to estimate the volume change of the specimen by prestressing. It is found that the stress recovery ratio is the highest with rubber liner and the recovered stress is the highest with nylon liner. The stress recovered in the foam specimen which is confined by the nylon liner is as high as 26 MPa, making it possible as actuators. While volume reduction during programming is the key for the foam to self-close cracks, the volume reduction must be within a certain limit; otherwise, the foam loses its shape memory functionality.     

Modeling and analysis of laminated rubber bearings under axial tensile loading

To analyze the tension performance of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading, a tension model for analyzing the rubber layers is proposed based on the theory of elasticity. Applying the boundary restraint condition and the assumption of incompressibility of the rubber layers, stress and deformation expressions for the tensile rubber layers are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the stress distribution and deformed pattern specifically for deformed shape of the free edges of rubber layers are analyzed, and the theory of cracking energy is applied to analyze the distributions of predicted cracking energy density and gradient direction. Prediction of crack initiation and crack propagation direction of the rubber layers is investigated. The analytical results show that the stress and deformation expressions can be used to simulate the stress distribution and deformed pattern of the rubber layer for laminated rubber bearings in the elastic range, and the crack energy method for predicting the failure mechanism is feasible according to the experimental phenomenon.     

球面层状弹性轴承结构对其力学行为影响的有限元分析

应用有限元分析方法,通过AYSYS软件对球面层状弹性轴承的力学行为进行了模拟,得到各胶层的应力分布规律,并分析了胶层厚度、注胶孔形状、截面形状三种结构因素对胶层应力分布的影响.研究结果表明:采用柱形注胶孔的第1层和第2层胶层的最大节点应力明显小于采用锥形注胶孔;胶层厚度的合理设计可有效地减小所有胶层的最大节点应力;采用弧形外缘的轴承可以减小胶层间应力的急剧变化,能够延长轴承的使用寿命.