中医对专方专药的认识

专方专药,古即有之.如何理解其与辨病、辨证之间的关系,本文从以下四个方面进行分析,即理论基础、目前认识、再认识和展望.通过初步理解,逐步深入研究辨病与辨期、辨证之间的关系;宏观与微观辨证;传统与现代中医药理论、循证医学;发挥发展专方专药特色,使专方专药成为中医中西医结合的一支奇葩,使其更优服务于广大患者.     

Drosophila metamorphosis: the only way is USP?

The steroid insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is believed to control critical aspects of development and reproduction through a heterodimeric receptor comprising the Ecdysone Receptor and the Ultraspiracle proteins. Recent findings suggest that other hormones and receptors might also be involved.     

Abstinence is not the only answer

Familial inheritance of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon. We report two siblings with identical bilateral diaphragmatic defects.     

Human pigmentation genetics: the difference is only skin deep

There is no doubt that visual impressions of body form and color are important in the interactions within and between human communities. Remarkably, it is the levels of just one chemically inert and stable visual pigment known as melanin that is responsible for producing all shades of humankind. Major human genes involved in its formation have been identified largely using a comparative genomics approach and through the molecular analysis of the pigmentary process that occurs within the melanocyte. Three classes of genes have been examined for their contribution to normal human color variation through the production of hypopigmented phenotypes or by genetic association with skin type and hair color. The MSH cell surface receptor and the melanosomal P-protein are the two most obvious candidate genes influencing variation in pigmentation phenotype, and may do so by regulating the levels and activities of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2.     

Scientific freedom is not the only issue.

Comments on the R. A. Bjork (see record 2000-05933-001) discussion of the editorial policy of American Psychological Association (APA) journals and the independence of scientific publishing. S. J. Ondersma notes that the influence science has is indeed a "frightening responsibility' (Bjork, 2000), one that does require the vigorous defense of scientific freedom. It also requires objectivity, protection against misuse, and openness to valid criticism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence-based medicine: what is the evidence?

The cytology of nasal secretions in 20 patients with allergic rhinitis and 15 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis was investigated with transmission electron microscope to study the ultrastructure of the cluster epithelial cells in nasal secretions of allergic rhinitis. The results showed that the cluster epithelial cells were predominant cellular element in allergic nasal secretions. The number of cluster cells correlated positively with the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein. It is suggested that the exfoliation of cluster nasal epithelial cellular elements may be caused by eosinophic cationic protein with resultant hyperreactivity of nasal mucosa.     

There is only one psychology: The dream and the reality.

Argues against J. D. Matarazzo's (see record 1988-05729-001) view that there is only one psychology. The different approaches in such fields as general, developmental, social, and clinical psychology lead to such different frames of reference that they constitute different kinds of psychologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hypertension in haemodialysis patients: is it only hypervolaemia?

CT and MR findings in two patients with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria are presented. CT scans showed atrophy and cortical mineralization at the same level. MR examination performed in one of the two patients showed mainly frontal cortical atrophy and punctate bright signal on T1- and T2-weighted sequences.     

Behavioral change in a constant environment: Shift to more difficult tasks with constant probability of success.

Tested hypotheses derived from J. Atkinson and D. Birch's (1970, 1974) dynamic theory of action, which proposes a theoretical reorientation from an episodic to a dynamic view of motivation. Traditional episodic theories of achievement motivation predict constant risk preference over a series of free choices from various difficulty levels when the assumed situation-specific determinant (probability of success) remains constant. In contrast to this, dynamic theory predicts a shift to more and more difficult tasks for success-oriented and failure-oriented Ss. Dynamic theory predicts that the initial ambivalence between very easy and very difficult tasks predicted by traditional theory of achievement motivation for failure-oriented Ss, is quickly replaced by a consistent preference for very easy tasks in that motive group. 77 undergraduates were administered a TAT using sex-specific verbal cues, and a short form of the Test Anxiety Questionnaire. 32 males and 32 females were randomly chosen and assigned to experimental or free-choice groups. Results support the predictions. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Salience is only briefly represented: Evidence from probe-detection performance.

Salient objects in the visual field tend to capture attention. The present study aimed to examine the time-course of salience effects using a probe-detection task. Eight experiments investigated how the salience of different orientation singletons affected probe reaction time as a function of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the presentation of a singleton display and a probe display. The results demonstrate that salience consistently affected probe reaction time at the shortest SOA. The effect of salience disappeared as SOA increased. These results suggest that contrary to the assumption of major theories on visual selection, salience is transiently represented in our visual system allowing the effects of salience on attentional selection to be only short-lived. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The HPV response is different with constant pressure vs constant flow perfusion

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) may be manifest in one of two ways: either an increase in the pulmonary artery pressure, or flow diversion away from the portion of the pulmonary bed with reduced conductance. We tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of the HPV response differs under conditions of constant flow perfusion, where pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) rises during hypoxia, vs conditions of constant pressure perfusion, where Ppa remains constant and flow (Q) is diverted away from the lungs during hypoxia. In isolated, perfused rabbit lungs, the HPV response to four levels of hypoxia (12, 6, 3 and 0% oxygen) was of greater magnitude and more sustained under conditions of constant pressure perfusion as compared to constant flow perfusion. The possible significance of these findings as they relate to interpretation of studies in both the perinatal and mature pulmonary circulation is discussed.