激光冲击强化激光器的研制

针对近年来发展的激光冲击强化技术,采用1级谐振8级放大的系统结构和模块化设计方法,研制出了激光冲击强化用短脉宽、大能量的Nd:YAG脉冲激光器,并对激光器技术指标进行了测试分析。在预热20 min后、环境温度变化小于2 ℃的情况下,单脉冲最大输出能量高达25 J,能量不稳定度小于3%,脉宽16~20 ns可调,脉宽不稳定度小于1 ns,光束发散角小于等于2.5 mrad,重复频率达5 Hz。对TC4钛合金进行激光冲击强化实验,大幅度提高了TC4钛合金试件表面的残余压应力。结果表明,研制的激光器各项性能良好。     

光束整形在激光照明中的应用

提出利用光束整形技术提高激光照明均匀性、调节照明远场光斑尺寸的方法,用Easylaser激光仿真软件分析光束截断比对照明均匀性的影响,分析大气湍流条件下光束整形对照明均匀性的影响,并比较调节光束质量与光束整形对照明均匀性的影响。结果表明:光束整形具有调节照明激光远场光斑尺度及均匀性的能力,相位调节因子越大,整形后远场光斑半径越大、均匀性越好;光束截断比越大照明均匀性越好;弱湍流条件下,光束整形比调节光束质量的照明激光远场光斑均匀性更好。     

激光调制和激光通信原理的演示

给出了一种演示激光调制和激光通信原理的电路设计。     

Solid-state laser system for laser cooling of sodium

We demonstrate a frequency-stabilized, all-solid laser source at 589 nm with up to 800 mW output power. The laser relies on sum-frequency generation from two laser sources at 1064 nm and 1319 nm through a PPKTP crystal in a doubly resonant cavity. We obtain conversion efficiencies as high as 2 W/W² after careful optimization of the cavity parameters. The output wavelength is tunable over 60 GHz, which is sufficient to lock on the sodium D₂ line. The robustness, beam quality, spectral narrowness and tunability of our source make it an alternative to dye lasers for atomic physics experiments with sodium atoms.     

激光散斑与随机激光器件制作

提出了一种基于大学物理实验教学中激光散斑的随机激光器件的制作,分析了随机激光的分类标准和产生机理,系统考察了不同泵浦条件下该激光器件的输出特性.该实验方案为大学物理实验提供了与科技前沿接轨的素材.     

Lithographical laser ablation using femtosecond laser

Lithographical laser ablation was demonstrated using a femtosecond laser with a lithographical optical system. In this method, a femtosecond laser beam passes through a mask and the pattern is imaged on a film by a coherent optical system. As a result, the film is lithographically ablated, and a micron-sized pattern can be generated in a single shot. The resolution of generation was 13 m, and the narrowest width of a generated line was about 4 m. Moreover, the system was applied to transmission gratings as masks, and nano-sized periodic structures such as nano-sized hole matrices and nano-meshes were generated in a single shot. PACS 52.38.Mf; 42.25.Hz; 42.82.Cr; 81.16.-c     

Pulsed laser photodeposition of a-Se nanofilms by ArF laser

Pulsed laser photodeposition from amorphous selenium aqueous colloid solutions using ArF laser radiation at a wavelength of λ = 193 nm has been investigated. Nanometer thick layers were obtained on UV transparent silica substrates in contact with the solution for various photodeposition parameters. Amorphous Se layers, 20 nm thick, were obtained typically by 40 laser pulses of 30 ns duration with a fluence of 50 mJ/cm². Deposition thresholds for depositing 1 nm thick layers were as low as 5 pulses. The deposited nanometer thin surface morphology was analyzed by Evanescent Field Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. The nanometer thicknesses were evaluated by utilizing the differential evanescent light pattern emanating from the substrates.     

高功率激光光束特性对激光加工的影响

决定光与物质相互作用的激光束的波长、入射角、偏振特性以及时间和空间特性是激光材料加工的主要光束特性。激光束的光束质量是其空间特性的量化反映。通过对两种不同激光加工系统输出激光光束质量进行测量和计算,根据多模激光束的聚焦理论,以及对激光深熔焊接实验结果的分析,研究了光束质量对深熔焊接焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,光束质量对聚焦光束的焦斑、聚焦角和焦深的影响不仅体现了激光源的可聚焦性,而且也标志了激光源的可加工能力,这是聚焦系统和焦点位置在选择过程中应该考虑的重要因素。     

激光束光强分布对材料激光加热的影响

 对激光强度空间均匀分布光束、高斯、超高斯以及平顶高斯光束进行了分析比较,在激光功率与光斑半径相同条件下,计算了各种光束的峰值光强和光束填充因子与光束阶次的关系,给出了光强分布的表达式。并将不同空间分布的光束作为热源,耦合到材料热传导方程中,以数值计算说明了各种光束辐照下,2mm厚30CrMnSiA钢材料靶面不同的热效应。     

基于激光火工系统的烟火泵浦激光技术

为研究烟火泵浦激光输出性能,对烟火泵浦激光器中泵浦源与激光晶体棒进行匹配实验研究和烟火泵浦激光器出光实验研究,以及烟火泵浦激光器光纤耦合输出实验研究。实验结果表明:烟火泵浦激光器选用锆氧闪光灯作为泵浦源,与工作物质为Nd∶YAG激光工作物质是相匹配的,烟火泵浦激光器输出能量4.82 J,满足烟火泵浦激光火工系统的能量输出需要;烟火泵浦激光器光纤耦合输出能量2.87 J,光纤耦合装置耦合效率达到50%以上,为烟火泵浦激光器用于战斗机舱盖抛放、飞行员座椅弹射逃生等火工系统研究提供了重要的技术支持。     

Characterization of laser ablation plasmas by laser beam deflection

Laser probe beam and multiple-pass deflection techniques were used for real time and in situ monitoring of laser ablation plasma plumes in the mTorr pressure regime. Intensity and transit time of shock wave fronts were studied as functions of focal lens position, laser energy and pressure. The velocity of the shock wave was determined to be up to 30 km s⁻¹ for a pressure of 40 mTorr and to drop below 4 km s⁻¹ at 1 Torr. For transparent targets rear-side shock wave velocity was on to be slower than the corresponding front one. This method promises a reliable diagnostic tool for pulsed laser deposition processing allowing an increase in the quality of coating technologies.     

Nanosecond laser ablation for pulsed laser deposition of yttria

A thermal model to describe high-power nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of yttria (Y₂O₃) has been developed. This model simulates ablation of material occurring primarily through vaporization and also accounts for attenuation of the incident laser beam in the evolving vapor plume. Theoretical estimates of process features such as time evolution of target temperature distribution, melt depth and ablation rate and their dependence on laser parameters particularly for laser fluences in the range of 6 to 30 J/cm² are investigated. Calculated maximum surface temperatures when compared with the estimated critical temperature for yttria indicate absence of explosive boiling at typical laser fluxes of 10 to 30 J/cm². Material ejection in large fragments associated with explosive boiling of the target needs to be avoided when depositing thin films via the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique as it leads to coatings with high residual porosity and poor compaction restricting the protective quality of such corrosion-resistant yttria coatings. Our model calculations facilitate proper selection of laser parameters to be employed for deposition of PLD yttria corrosion-resistive coatings. Such coatings have been found to be highly effective in handling and containment of liquid uranium.     

Optothermal effects of laser modes in laser materials processing

All laser materials processing involves two fundamental phenomena: the conversion of optical energy into thermal energy, and the generation of thermal stresses in the laserprocessed materials. The distributions of the thermal energy and stresses in the substrate depend on the laser mode used for materials processing. A proper understanding of the temperature and stress distributions is essential for producing high-quality products using the laser technology. The solution of the complete thermoelastic problem is very complex and requires numerical methods. This paper presents simple analytic expressions for the temperature and thermal stress distributions in the substrate processed with TEM₀₀ and TEM _inf01 ^sup* mode laser beams. The temperature is found to be maximum at the point that encounters the maximum laser intensity. The thermal stress distributions are found to be different owing to the differences in the laser modes used for this study.     

热容模式下激光介质的动态光学畸变

 开展了热容模式下激光介质动态光学畸变研究，初步分析了温度梯度、光弹效应及介质端面变形对整个波前畸变带来的影响，并将光学畸变转化为谐振腔损耗，数值模拟了热容激光器输出功率随时间的变化规律，模拟结果表明：当激光器工作温度低于400 K时，由粒子数玻耳兹曼分布引起的功率下降可以忽略，动态热效应是实验中热容激光器输出功率随时间快速下降的原因。     

Internal attenuation of laser radiation in the CuCl laser

A double-pulsed neutral copper vapor laser, based on a Cu/CuCl discharge, was placed in tandem with a ZnCl₂ discharge cell in a common optical cavity. The ZnCl₂ in the separately heated discharge tube acted as a source of Cl-based plasma by- products which are also likely constituents of the Cu/CuCl laser plasma. The timing of the two discharges was varied relative to one another and the Cu laser emission at λ = 510 nm was monitored to test the optical absorption losses in the combined cavity in relation to time. The experiments provide some insight into the chemical effects in the laser plasma that may limit the energy output of a Cu/CuCl laser.     

Advantages of endoscopic laser arytenoidectomy using yag laser scalpel

The surgical management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis has been performed through an endoscope in the past. The etiology of bilateral vocal cord paralysis is usually secondary to trauma; to secure an adequate airway, a tracheostomy is performed. Endoscopic laser arytenoidectomy offers a safe method of decannulating patients with maintenance of good voice quality and a rima glottidis of 4–6 mm posteriorly. Several wavelengths are available to carry out this procedure, and this article will focus on Nd:Yag laser scalpel applications. The advantage of this method is the preservation of good voice quality with an option of an external procedure, if the need arises. The laser application offers excellent hemostasis, and decreased edema and scar tissue formation. The results of our study on 10 patients appear encouraging and superior with respect to other available wavelengths.     

Monitoring of laser heating temperature in laser spectroscopic measurements

During laser spectroscopic measurement, a part of laser energy will be converted into heat in the processes of excitation and light emission. Temperature monitoring can help to evaluate such nonradiative process. Upconversion luminescence of phosphor Y₂O₃:Er,Yb under laser excitation at 980 nm was investigated in this work. Point temperature of the phosphor was monitored using the fluorescent intensity ratio (FIR) technology. Laser induced temperature rising was identified by comparison with a theoretically ideal temperature calibration function: lnR = 3.1738–1167/T. The monitored temperature of laser heating rises monotonically with increasing laser power. Circumstances around heating point will modify the calibration function, but the linear slope of lnR ~ 1/T is constant.     

Generation of tunable subnanosecond laser pulses with a nitrogen laser pumped dye laser amplifier system

A simple method for generating single tunable subnanosecond dye laser pulses is described. A Rhodamin 6G dye laser is transversely pumped by a subnanosecond UV pulse of a TEA nitrogen laser. The narrowband output of the dye laser is amplified and shortened in a synchronously pumped amplifier. Narrowband pulses with a duration of 30–40 ps (fwhm) and a pulse power of 30 kW are obtained. They are tunable over the range of 580–600 nm.