牛血清白蛋白LB膜诱导方解石的生长

采用模拟生物矿化的方法,研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA) LB膜对碳酸钙晶体成核和生长的诱导控制作用。XRD、SEM结果表明：在BSA单层LB膜诱导下,形成形状规则、边缘清晰的多层盘状方解石晶体,且沿(104)晶面取向生长。说明牛血清白蛋白(BSA) LB膜对碳酸钙的形貌、生长取向性有很好的调控作用。     

缺陷LB膜诱导草酸钙晶体环图形形成

利用存在缺陷的LB膜来模拟受损伤的肾上皮细胞膜, 研究了膜缺陷的微结构及其影响一水草酸钙(COM)晶体成核、生长、沉积图形和黏附的分子机制. 二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)LB膜经草酸钾处理后可形成圆形缺陷, 并诱导COM微晶排列成环状图形, 相比之下, 没有经草酸钾处理的LB膜只诱导零散的六边形COM晶体生成. 随着生长时间增加, 环内单个COM晶体的尺寸明显增加, 空心的环状晶体图形倾向于转变为实心的圆形图形, 且小尺寸(5~20 mm)的圆形晶体图案数量增加. 本结果有助于在分子和超分子的水平上进一步了解肾上皮细胞膜损伤后诱导肾结石形成的分子机制.     

牛血清白蛋白Langmuir膜控制方解石形成取向生长的球形微晶

本文以生物矿化模型系统为基础，利用LB技术，采用本体交换的方法，制备了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)Langmuir膜，以更加接近生物矿化的方法研究了BSA Langmuir膜对碳酸钙晶体生长的取向、形貌和晶型的控制作用。XRD分析表明晶体为碳酸钙的方解石晶型，且晶体仅沿(104)晶面有取向生长。SEM分析表明结晶初期碳酸钙以球状的晶体存在，随着时间的延长，BSA对晶体形貌的控制作用逐渐减弱，直到完全不起作用，在结晶后期形成菱方形晶体，但晶体生长取向和晶型始终没有发生变化。说明BSA Langmuir膜对碳酸钙的生长取向、晶型和形貌有较好的控制作用。     

LB膜中的缺陷畴区及其诱导形成环形草酸钙图形

利用存在缺陷的LB膜来模拟受损伤的肾上皮细胞膜诱导肾结石矿物草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长. 经2.5 mmol·L-1的草酸钾溶液对二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)的LB膜进行处理后, 可强化LB膜中液态扩张相(LE)和液态凝聚相(LC)之间的结构差异, 原子力显微镜(AFM)证实了圈状缺陷的存在. 以LB膜的圈状缺陷为模板, 诱导了一水草酸钙(COM)晶体环状图案. 相比之下, 未经草酸钾处理的LB膜只诱导生成零散的六边形COM晶体.     

缺陷LB膜诱导草酸钙晶体的生长

肾结石形成与肾上皮细胞膜损伤密切相关, 但细胞膜损伤后的微结构及其与肾结石微晶粘附的分子机制仍不清楚. 本文采用经草酸钾处理后存在缺陷的二棕榈酰磷酯酰胆碱(DPPC)的LB膜为模型, 采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了模型膜的缺陷畴区及其对一水草酸钙(COM)晶体生长的促进作用. LB膜内圆形的缺陷畴区可以诱导圆形COM晶体图形生成, 圆形晶体图形的直径从3 mm到150 mm不等. 在圆形区域内, 单个COM晶体的尺寸大都在1～3 μm, 以针状、四边形或不规则的形状存在; 而在同等条件下正常LB膜诱导的COM晶体没有圆形聚集现象, 单个COM晶体在LE/LC相边界生长, 其尺寸显著增加至5～10 mm. 不同性质LB膜促进COM成核和生长的强弱依次为: 经草酸钾处理的LB膜缺陷畴区>>正常LB膜的LC/LE边界＞正常LB膜非边界区域>>无膜诱导. 从缺陷LB膜的活性位点及其对COM晶体成核的促进作用等方面讨论了上述实验结果.     

花生酸单分子膜诱导PbS晶体取向生长的研究

以花生酸单分子膜为模板，诱导沉积了PbS半导体纳米粒子，粒径为30～50 nm.实验发现， 由于花生酸单分子膜的诱导作用， 使得PbS晶体在膜上发生取向生长，可以形成三角形、四边形和棒状的PbS纳米粒子.通过改变单分子膜的表面压，考察了表面压对PbS晶体取向生长的影响，结合透射电镜及电子衍射实验，对PbS晶体的生长机制进行了初步的分析和探讨.     

草酸钾诱导的LB膜缺陷及对草酸钙堆积图形的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了经不同浓度草酸钾(K2C2O4)处理后二棕榈酰磷酯酰胆碱(DPPC)的缺陷LB膜及其对一水草酸钙(COM)成核和生长的影响. K2C2O4的处理可进一步破坏LB膜中圆形畴区内的分子列阵, 尤其是使处在液态扩张相(LE)/液态凝集相(LC)边界的分子列阵无序程度增加, 从而促进了COM晶体在此处的成核和生长, 最终诱导圆形堆积的COM晶体图形出现. 随着损伤LB膜的K2C2O4浓度c(K2C2O4)从0.3 mmol/L增加到5.0 mmol/L, 其对LB膜畴区有序结构的破坏作用逐渐增强, 圈状堆积的晶体图形数量增多. 当c(K2C2O4)为0.3 mmol/L时, 主要诱导实心的圆形堆积的COM晶体图形, 而当c(K2C2O4)增加至5.0 mmol/L时, 生成圈状COM晶体图形, 且图形的半径减小. 这一研究结果将有助于从分子和超分子水平上了解肾小管上皮细胞膜损伤后的微结构变化及其与肾结石形成的关系.     

多肽Langmuir膜控制下方解石晶体的生长

本文研究了聚β-苯甲基天门冬氨酸(PBA)Langmuir膜对碳酸钙成核和生长的诱导控制作用。在PBA Langmuir单分子膜作用下,我们得到形状规则、边缘清晰的花瓣状碳酸钙晶体。XRD分析表明所得碳酸钙晶体为沿(104)和(208)晶面取向生长的方解石晶型;AFM、TEM和SEM观察显示了方解石形貌的变化过程。结果表明多肽PBA Langmuir单分子膜对碳酸钙的结晶、生长取向和形貌具有良好的诱导和调控作用。     

磷脂酰胆碱LB单分子膜诱导下KDP晶体取向生长的研究

有机超薄膜诱导晶体生长是在化学、物理与生物多门学科相互交融的基础上发展起来的新兴学科 ,并逐渐成为仿生合成的重要分支 [1] .目前的研究重点主要集中于以有机化合物 LB膜作为模板剂诱导生物矿化材料上 [2～ 5] .磷脂 LB膜是生物膜的简化模型体系 [6 ] ,用它作模板剂将使该领域的研究进一步接近生物体系 .对晶体而言 ,修饰晶体材料的特征对于改善和测定材料的光学性能至关重要 [2 ] ,但目前有关上述领域的研究几乎均是空白 .KH2 PO4 ( KDP)晶体是性能优良的非线性光学材料 [7] ,本文首次以磷脂分子 LB膜作为模板剂诱导 KDP的晶化…     

偶氮苯衍生物Langmuir-Blodgett膜的结构与红外热释电性能

利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)方法,在镀有金属膜的盖玻片和CaF_2衬底上转移了双嗜性偶氮苯衍生物多层LB膜.用线性红外二向色性光谱方法研究了分子的各跃迁矩的取向和分子长轴的取向.利用X射线衍射方法研究了LB膜的有序周期结构,讨论了双周期结构与高热释电活性的关系.     

掺杂态聚苯胺LB膜的制备与性质

掺杂樟脑磺酸的聚苯胺在纯水表面可以形成稳定的单分子层,采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｂｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ技术可以将其较好地转移到氟化 基片上制成薄膜,对其ＬＢ膜的红外和紫外－可见－近红外光谱研究表明,在膜的压缩或转移过程中有少量的樟脑磺酸分子发生脱掺杂的现象,并且该ＬＢ膜在室温下对乙醇有较好的气敏性。     

Langmuir膜及LB膜中的金属参与

本文主要介绍了金属离子与Langmuir膜及LB膜相互作用中静电、配位等作用方式及其对膜相态和分子二维排列的影响。在此基础上探讨了Langmuir膜对金属离子的识别与传感。以Langmuir膜和LB膜为二维模板诱导无机盐定向生长作为金属/单分子膜结合的重要应用在文中也进行了讨论。通过举例展示了金属离子参与的Langmuir膜和LB膜催化有机反应的特点。最后对金属参与的Langmuir膜和LB膜在功能化和器件化等方面的研究也作了论述， 并通过介绍金属螯合类脂分子的Langmuir膜在蛋白质等生物大分子界面定向聚集研究中的应用表明了金属参与的Langmuir膜及LB 膜在生命科学研究中的意义。全文贯穿了金属结合调节Langmuir膜和LB膜组装结构以及通过金属结合导入功能基团进行有序组装的思想。     

Spontaneous formation of polypeptides in the interfacial thin films of amphiphilic amino acid esters: acceleration of the polycondensation and control of the structure of resultant polymers

For the purpose of elucidating the effects of molecular arrangements on the reaction rates and the structure of products, polycondensation of long-chain esters of alpha-amino acids in the monolayer on the water surface and the LB multilayers deposited on CaF2 plates were investigated by monitoring changes of the IR spectra. Spontaneous formation of the polypeptides occurs in the mono- and multilayers at room temperature without any catalyst. The rates of polycondensation in the monolayers are markedly influenced by the degree of molecular packing. Maximum polymerizability is obtained in the vicinity of the transition region from expanded to condensed films. The rates of polycondensation in the LB films are much higher than those in the bulk solids and the molten states. The polycondensation seems to be accelerated by regular arrangements of the monomer molecules in the LB films, where the functional groups are concentrated and situated more effectively for the reaction than in the bulk states. However, the polycondensation rates in the LB films are considerably slower when compared with those in the monolayers on the water surface kept at the optimum area or surface pressure, because the molecules in the LB films deposited under high compression are packed more closely than the optimum condition. Thus, suitably close packing of the monomer molecules, retaining a particular orientation together with some conformational freedom in the monolayer, is most favorable for the polycondensation. Two probable mechanisms for the polycondensation in the Y-type multilayers have been proposed. In the assembly of head-to-head double layers of the monomer molecules, the interlayer reaction propagates by sewing up the functional groups facing each other in the adjacent layers, and the polypeptide of a helical structure or random coil can be obtained. In contrast, for the alternating assembly of the amino acid ester and non-polymerizable octadecyl acetate, the polycondensation should proceed only in each single layer (intralayer reaction) and the polypeptide of the extended beta-form can be formed. In the case of dioctadecyl glutamate LB films, as well as the monolayer on water, the resultant polypeptide is the comb-like polymer with unreacted long-alkyl ester groups as side chains and abundant in the beta-form, indicating the dominant intralayer reaction. On the other hand, in the Y-type multilayer of the equimolar mixture of dioctadecyl glutamate (with two ester groups) and octadecyl ester of lysine (with two amino groups), both of the intra- and interlayer reactions occur effectively, resulting in a two-dimensional network structure of the polypeptide. In conclusion, not only the rate of polycondensation but also the higher-order structure of the resultant polypeptides can be controlled by organized arrangements of the monomer molecules in the interfacial thin films.     

表面压测量及LB膜转移装置的研制

自Blodgelt开创了通过单分子层的连续转移制做多层组合膜的技术(即LB膜转移技术)以来,由单分子膜的组装来建造分子水平的有序结构已成为可能。国内研究LB膜所用的仪器一般都是进口的,且价格昂贵。我们研制了一种经济实用、高性能的LB膜压测量及转移装置,其性能指标达到国外同类仪器水平。     

Langmuir-Blodgett films of octadecanethiol--properties and potential applications

Octadecanethiol (ODT) is known to form self-assembled monolayer on noble metal surfaces which has potential technological applications. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is another useful method of obtaining highly ordered assembly of molecules. It is of interest to find whether ODT molecules can also form a stable Langmuir monolayer which facilitates the preparation of LB films. In literature, it has been reported that ODT molecules form an unstable Langmuir monolayer. We have studied the stability of the monolayer of the ODT molecules at air-water interface using surface manometry and microscopy techniques. We find the monolayer to be stable on ultrapure water of resistivity greater than 18MOmega cm. However, the behavior changes in the presence of even small amount of additives like NaOH or CdCl2 in the subphase. Our AFM studies on the LB films of ODT deposited from ion-free ultrapure water showed streak-like bilayer domains. The LB films of ODT deposited from CdCl2 containing aqueous subphase yield dendritic domains of the complexed unit grown over ODT monolayer. These nanostructures on surfaces may have potential applications in molecular electronics.     

Langmuir–Blodgett films of stearic acid deposited on substrates at different orientations relative to compression direction: alignment layer for nematic liquid crystal

The Langmuir monolayer at an air–water interface shows remarkably different surface pressure (π)–area (A) isotherm, when measured with the surface normal of a Wilhelmy plate parallel or perpendicular to the direction of compression of the monolayer. Such difference arises due to difference in stress exerted by the monolayer on the plate in different direction. In this article, we report the effect of changing the direction of substrate normal with respect to the compression of the monolayer during Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film deposition on the morphology of the films. The morphology of the LB film of stearic acid is studied using an atomic force microscope. The morphology of the LB films is found to be different due to difference in the stress in different directions. The role of such surface morphology on the alignment of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) in LC cells is studied. The granular texture of LB films of stearic acid supports the homogeneous alignment of the LC whereas the uniform texture supports the homeotropic alignment of the LC.     

Microstructure and Ion Exchange in Stearic Acid Langmuir-Blodgett Films Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectra have been recorded of 11-layer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of stearic acid deposited at various surface pressures (0.1, 15, and 35 mN/m), and the molecular orientation angles were evaluated quantitatively, which supplied insight into the molecular order with the alkyl chains tightly packed like crystal in the LB films deposited at the zero and higher surface pressures. These experimental results indicate that, in the Langmuir film as the precursor of LB films, stearic acid molecules self-aggregate to form two-dimensional crystalline domains already even at the zero surface pressure, which results in the inhomogeneity of monolayer. The analysis of dependence of nu(C=O) intensity on the surface pressure, surface density, and subphase temperature leads to the conclusion that the defects in LB films originate from the Langmuir film and be conserved upon deposition. Annealing below 50 degrees C and cooling could improve the monolayer homogeneity, and thus a defect-free or low-defect LB films can be deposited. Furthermore, ion exchange conducted in the LB films, on the other hand, confirms the existence of structure defects in LB films of stearic acid. The polar plane microstructure, lateral transport along the polar planes and the coordination types of stearic acid/cation system may be the rate-limiting process. The results have implication on the possible uses of stearic acid LB films as ion-exchange materials or sensors. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Molecular Arrangement of a Bolaamphiphilic Anthrancene Derivative in Langmuir-Blodgett Film

Langmuir monolayer at the air/water interface is the basis to understand the molecular arrangement and to fabricate the organized molecular films1. Bolaamphiphiles describes the molecules in which two head functional groups are linked by one or two hydrophobic chains2,3. In comparison with the one-headed amphiphile, abundant configurations of Langmuir monolayer are expected in bolaamphiphiles. Generally, three kinds of configurations of the Langmuir monolayers of bolaamphiphile at the air/w…     

Alignment of liquid crystals using Langmuir‒Blodgett films of unsymmetrical bent-core liquid crystals

ABSTRACT

The properties of the thin films of liquid crystal (LC) molecules can be governed easily by external fields. The anisotropic structure of the LC molecules has a large impact on the electrical and optical properties of the film. The Langmuir monolayer (LM) of LC molecules at the air–water interface is known to exhibit a variety of surface phases which can be transferred onto a solid substrate using the Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, we have studied the LM and LB films of asymmetrically substituted bent-core LC molecules. The morphology of LB film of the molecules is found to be a controlling parameter for aligning bulk LC in the nematic phase. It was found that the LB films of the bent-core molecules possessing defects favour the planar orientation of nematic LC, whereas the LB films with fewer defects show homeotropic alignment. The defect in LB films may introduce splay or bend distortions in the nematic near the alignment layer which can govern the planar alignment of the bulk LC. The uniform layer of LB film facilitates the molecules of nematic to anchor vertically due to a strong van der Waals interaction between the aliphatic chains leading to a homeotropic alignment.     

一种新的共轭桥联双二茂铁衍生物的单层LB膜及其电催化效应

合成并表征了一种新的非两亲性共轭桥联双二茂铁衍生物，该化合物在空气／水界面上易形成较稳定的单分子膜，与花生酸形成的混合膜易组装成ＬＢ膜，紫外－可见吸收光谱表明：ＬＢ上膜分子中发生了聚集，扫描电镜观察了混合单层ＬＢ膜的表面形貌及膜的相分离。循环伏安研究表明：混合单层ＬＢ膜修饰电极对Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）／Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）离子对的电化学反应具有良好的电催化效应，对抗坏血酸电化学氧化具有明显的促进作用。