新疆中天山汗吉尕组Helenifore robustum放射虫动物群及其年代地层学意义

汗吉尕组是新疆中天山温泉小区中泥盆统的一个地层单元,为海相碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩沉积。过去在灰岩团块和灰岩砾石中发现较为丰富的中泥盆世珊瑚和腕足类化石。这次,我们在该组上部地层硅质岩透镜体中首次发现晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫Helenifore robustum动物群。对于温泉地区该组地层的时代归属,我们认为:由于已发现的中泥盆世珊瑚、腕足类化石主要产于灰岩砾石或外来块体中,因此,这些化石的时代并不代表该组形成的时代;而产于硅质岩透镜体中的晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫化石很可能代表该组的年代。全文共描述放射虫5属11种,归属3目4科。     

安徽含山含山组植物化石及时代

安徽含山县彭庄村西分布一套红色地层,假整合在富含植物化石的象山群中、下部之上,安徽区测队曾将其认作象山群上部(新近命名为含山组),并与南京地区北象山和中山陵前所见的紫红色砂、页岩层及皖南洪琴组对比。在它的近底部浅黄色泥岩中发现不少植物化石,还有瓣鳃类、叶肢介、鲎虫、介形类、腹足类及昆虫化石等。这些化石的发现为确定这段地层的时代提供了依据。苏皖两省长江沿线的象山群,均由两组由粗到细含煤线(或薄煤层)的碎屑岩(在南京地     

周口店田园洞古人类化石点地层学研究及与山顶洞的对比

田园洞主体堆积厚度约2.5m,其动物群可分为上、下两个组合:上部组合物种多样性丰富,化石被啮齿类严重啮咬;下部组合化石种类单调,以鹿类和绵羊类为主,但化石丰富,极少有啮齿类咬痕。人类化石发现于下部组合;东洋界动物主要出现在上部组合,例如猕猴、猪獾、果子狸和鬣羚等。而马鹿和绵羊只出现于下部组合。沟齿鼯鼠和豪猪在下部组合开始出现,但主要发现于上部组合。梅花鹿是田园洞的优势种,在各个阶段都出现。通过统计比较,发现山顶洞3个地层单元(上室、下室和下窨)中所含化石属种基本一致,代表同一个动物群。尽管田园洞动物群中尚未发现可靠绝灭种类,但却有10种地区绝灭种,它与现生动物群有一定差异;而在堆积物特征及化石组合方面,与周口店山顶洞的更为接近。在田园洞和山顶洞出现的沟齿鼯鼠、猪獾、果子狸及鬣羚等是各自在华北地区的最早记录,可能代表了更新世末期自南而北的动物迁徙事件。     

新疆发现侏罗纪迷齿类

<正> 1983年中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所新疆考察队在准噶尔盆地东部,克拉麦里地区的恐龙沟和五彩湾两地的石树沟组的中、下部层位中,发现了一些迷齿类化石,包括一些零散的脊椎骨和头骨碎片化石。石树沟组的时代当前一般认为是晚侏罗世的,也有人认为是中侏罗世晚期的。这是我国首次在侏罗纪地层发现迷齿类化     

辽宁凌源及内蒙古宁城地区下白垩统义县组脊椎动物生物地层

辽宁凌源及相邻内蒙古南部宁城地区义县组发现多个重要脊椎动物化石地点,通过岩 石地层、脊椎动物生物地层和同位素年代地层对比,建立了该地区义县组地层层序。凌源一宁 城地区义县组有 ２个脊椎动物化石层位：下部道虎沟层含 Ｌｙｃｏｐｔｅｒａｅｒ Ｉｃｈｔｈｙｏｆａｕｎａ, Ｐｓｉｔｔａｃｏｓａｕｒｕｓ Ｆａｕｎａ和Ｃｏｎｆｕｃｉｕｓｏｒｎｉｓ Ａｖｉｆａｕｎａ等３个动物群,可以与北票尖山沟层的四合 屯脊椎动物化石群对比,层位相当于义县组一、三段;上部大王杖子（大新房子）层含 Ｌｙｃｏｐｔｅｒａ Ｉｃｈｔｈｙｏｆａｕｎａ和Ｌｉａｏｘｉｏｒｎｉｓ Ａｖｉｆａｕｎａ等２个动物群,为义县组中部沉积,在四合屯地 区缺失。冀北丰宁四岔口－森吉图地区义县组脊椎动物化石层对应于凌源大王杖子层;滦平 大北沟组为义县组最下部沉积,其上覆的大店子组相当于宁城道虎沟层和北票四合屯义县组 一、三段。热河群义县组和九佛堂组发现３个连续的鸟类群;义县组下部Ｃｏｎｆｕｃｉｕｓｏｒｎｉｓ Ａｖｉｆａｕｎａ、义县组中部Ｌｉａｏｘｉｏｒｎｉｓ Ａｖｉｆａｕｎａ和九佛堂组Ｃａｔｈａｙｏｒｎｉｓ－Ｃｈａｏｙａｎｇｉａ Ａｖｉｆａｕｎａ。义 县组和九佛堂组Ｌｙｃｏｐｔｅｒａ　Ｉ     

陷胸茎蜂亚科(昆虫纲)化石在我国辽西上侏罗统的发现及其系统演化

描述产自辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上侏罗统义县组下部膜翅目昆虫化石1新属新种Trematothoracoides liaoningensis gen. et sp. nov., 归入葬茎蜂科(Sepulcidae)中的陷胸茎蜂亚科(Trematothoracinae)。这是首次在我国发现可靠的陷胸茎蜂化石,也是该亚科在侏罗纪的首次报道。分支分析结果表明Trematothoracinae为一单系类群。Thoracotrema与Prosyntexis进化程度较高,构成一对姊妹群,同时又是Trematothorax的姊妹群;Trematothoracoides最为原始,为Thoracotrema+Prosyntexis+Trematothorax的姊妹群。     

海相侏罗纪双壳类在中国东北地区东部的产出与其对亚洲中、东部非海相侏罗、白垩系分界研究的意义

一、双壳类化石的产出在我国东北地区东部所发现的海相侏罗纪双壳类化石不下150种,分隶于9目30科。它们产于黑龙江省东部的龙爪沟群和鸡西群中,但多半产自龙爪沟群。龙爪沟群分布于黑龙江省东部的完达山等地,由中、晚侏罗世海陆交互相地层组成,其中含有一些广布性的动物化石群,但也具有许多北极-太平洋区的分子。这些动物群包括腕足类、腹足类、双壳类、菊石、介形类等化石。本文所列海相双壳类化石及其有关结论,部分摘录自本文作者所参加不同研究队各自的初步研究。龙爪沟群厚约400m,由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩     

陷胸式蜂亚科（昆虫纲）化石在我国辽西上侏罗统的发现及其系统演化

描述产自辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上侏罗统义县组下部膜翅目昆虫化石1新属新种Trematothoracoides liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.,归入薤式产（Sepulcidae)中的陷胸茎蜂亚科（Trematothoracinae)。这是首次在我国发现可行的陷胸茎蜂化石,也是该亚科在侏罗纪的产次报道,分支分析结果表明Trematothoracinae为一单系类群。Thoracotrema与Prosyntexis进化程度较高,构成一对姊妹群,同时又是Trematothorax的姊妹群,Trematothoracoides最为原始,为Thoracotrema Prosymtexis Trematothorax的姊妹群。     

西秦岭地区志留/泥盆系过渡带中的鱼类微体化石及其组合序列

西秦岭是开展华南板块志留/泥盆系界线层序研究的一个重要地区.该区普通沟剖面中的志留/泥盆系过渡带包括羊路沟组上部和下普通沟组下部,产丰富的鱼类微体化石,包括花鳞鱼类、棘鱼类、软骨鱼类及盾皮鱼类.这些化石构成两个完全不同的鱼类微体化石组合:羊路沟组合和下普通沟组合.通过与波罗的海等地区鱼类微体化石带的对比,羊路沟和下普通沟组合的地质时代分别为志留纪普里道利世晚期和早泥盆世洛霍考夫期早期.西秦岭地区志留/泥盆系过渡带中的鱼类微体化石及其组合序列的研究,为该区志留/泥盆系界线的精确确定提供了重要的古鱼类学证据.     

甘肃党河下游地区早渐新世哺乳动物化石的发现

描述了产于党河下游地区的狍牛泉组下部地层中的叮当沟哺乳动物群。化石共计 1 1属 1 4种 :Palaeoscaptorcf.P .acridens、Palaeoscaptorsp .、Oligosciurusdangheensisgen .etsp .nov.、Tataromyscf.T .sigmodon、Karakoromysdecessus、Coelodontomysasiaticus、Parasminthusspp .、Cricetidaegen .etsp .indet.、Desmatolagusgobiensis、D .pusillus、Allaceropssp .、Schizotheriumordo sium和Parabrachyodussp .。党河鲜松鼠 (新属、新种 )的主要特征是个体较小而原始 ,下颌骨咬肌窝前缘达m2下方 ;冠状突前缘近于垂直 ,起于m2后部下方 ,颊齿齿冠很低 ,臼齿具明显的下内尖、下次脊和下中附尖 ,但无下中尖。上述化石的已知时代分布表明 ,狍牛泉组下部的叮当沟哺乳动物群的时代为早渐新世     

Lithostratigraphy, petrography and facies analysis of the Late Cenozoic sediments in the foreland basin of the West Kunlun

The Yecheng profile, lying in the southwest Tarim Basin at the northern foot of the West Kunlun Mountains, comprises 4.5 km of conformable Miocene to Pliocene strata. The lower part of the section, the Wuqia Group, is composed of interbedded red mudstone and pale-coloured fine sandstone with a thickness of 1700 m. The Artux Formation is 800 m thick and composed of mudstone, sandstone with thin gravel and conglomerate beds. The upper part of the section, known as the Xiyu Formation, consists of 2000 m of cobble and boulder conglomerate intercalated with massive siltstone lenses.Compositional study of the sandstones in the Wuqia Group and Artux Formation indicates that they were sourced from low relief areas of the Kunlun region and probably further south from Tibet. The provenance of the conglomerate in the Xiyu Formation is the West Kunlun Mountains. Compositional trends within the conglomerate indicate that Upper Palaeozoic marine, and Mesozoic to Tertiary terrestrial silicic rocks were eroded first, along with the Proterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic Proto-Tethys metasedimentary rocks. Erosion into deeper levels of the Kunlun Mountains provided igneous and high-grade metamorphic sediment, which first appears 640 m above the base of the Xiyu Formation.Lithofacies change from fine-grained mudstone and sandstone to coarse clasts coincides with the onset of aeolian sedimentation, indicating major shift of regional palaeoclimatic regime. Although climatic changes may have played an important role in controlling the sedimentary regime worldwide, our study of the lithostratigraphy and petrography of the Yecheng section suggests that the lithofacies change recorded the progressive unroofing history of the source rocks in the West Kunlun Mountains.     

Current biogeographical roles of the Kunlun Mountains

Large‐scale patterns of biodiversity and formation have garnered increasing attention in biogeography and macroecology. The Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) is an ideal area for exploring these issues. However, the QTP consists of multiple geographic subunits, which are understudied. The Kunlun Mountains is a geographical subunit situated in the northern edge of the QTP, in northwest China. The diversity pattern, community phylogenetic structures, and biogeographical roles of the current flora of the Kunlun Mountains were analyzed by collecting and integrating plant distribution, regional geological evolution, and phylogeography. A total of 1911 species, 397 genera, and 75 families present on the Kunlun Mountains, of which 29.8% of the seed plants were endemic to China. The mean divergence time (MDT) of the Kunlun Mountains flora was in the early Miocene (19.40 Ma). Analysis of plant diversity and MDT indicated that the eastern regions of the Kunlun Mountains were the center of species richness, endemic taxa, and ancient taxa. Geographical origins analysis showed that the Kunlun Mountains flora was diverse and that numerous clades were from East Asia and Tethyan. Analysis of geographical origins and geological history together highlighted that the extant biodiversity on the Kunlun Mountains appeared through species recolonization after climatic fluctuations and glaciations during the Quaternary. The nearest taxon index speculated that habitat filtering was the most important driving force for biodiversity patterns. These results suggest that the biogeographical roles of the Kunlun Mountains are corridor and sink, and the corresponding key processes are species extinction and immigration. The Kunlun Mountains also form a barrier, representing a boundary among multiple floras, and convert the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau into a relatively closed geographical unit.     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区植物区系组成和分布规律的研究

 喀喇昆仑山—昆仑山地区植物区系组成比较贫乏,在东经90˚以西仅有高等植物约827种,分属于60个科272属。其中,蕨类植物仅3科3属5种,禾本科植物最多,有136种。菊科、豆科、十字花科、莎草科和藜科分别排列在第二至第六位,均含50种以上。区系地理成分组成以中亚的为主,青藏高原成分居第二位。但是,不同的地段存在着明显的差异,在昆仑山主脊南侧高原和中昆仑库木库勒山间盆地青藏高原成分占有的比例高于中亚成分。随着海拔的升高,区系地理成分的组成也发生了有规律的变化,中亚成分占有的比例下降,适应高寒气候的青藏高原成分占有的比例急剧升高,在海拔4250m左右两者占有的比例相等,在海拔5000m以上青藏高原成分显著超过中亚成分。对该地区8个地段的植物区系相似性分析显示,昆仑山主脊南北两翼植物区系的差异远大于东西方向的差异。植物区系地理成分的组成与海拔高度的关系以及植物区系的地理分异规律说明,昆仑山脉作为中亚植物亚区与青藏高原植物亚区之间的分界是符合客观实际的。     

西部民众对西部大开发中焦点问题的应对方式研究

研究通过问卷法,调查了四川、重庆、贵州、新疆、内蒙、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等西部地区的民众在西部大开发中可能采取的应对方式。结果表明:在精神文明建设等九个典型问题上,不同年龄、不同职业以及不同文化程度的民众在西部大开发中的应对方式都有所不同。但是总的来说,民众应对方式倾向都是积极适应的,这对顺利开展西部大开发是有利的。     

Current patterns of plant diversity and phylogenetic structure on the Kunlun Mountains

Large-scale patterns of biodiversity and the underlying mechanisms that regulate these patterns are central topics in biogeography and macroecology. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau serves as a natural laboratory for studying these issues. However, most previous studies have focused on the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, leaving independent physical geographic subunits in the region less well understood. We studied the current plant diversity of the Kunlun Mountains, an independent physical geographic subunit located in northwestern China on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We integrated measures of species distribution, geological history, and phylogeography, and analyzed the taxonomic richness, phylogenetic diversity, and community phylogenetic structure of the current plant diversity in the area. The distribution patterns of 1911 seed plants showed that species were distributed mainly in the eastern regions of the Kunlun Mountains. The taxonomic richness, phylogenetic diversity, and genera richness showed that the eastern regions of the Kunlun Mountains should be the priority area of biodiversity conservation, particularly the southeastern regions. The proportion of Chinese endemic species inhabiting the Kunlun Mountains and their floristic similarity may indicate that the current patterns of species diversity were favored via species colonization. The Hengduan Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot, is likely the largest source of species colonization of the Kunlun Mountains after the Quaternary. The net relatedness index indicated that 20 of the 28 communities examined were phylogenetically dispersed, while the remaining communities were phylogenetically clustered. The nearest taxon index indicated that 27 of the 28 communities were phylogenetically clustered. These results suggest that species colonization and habitat filtering may have contributed to the current plant diversity of the Kunlun Mountains via ecological and evolutionary processes, and habitat filtering may play an important role in this ecological process.     

Comparative biogeography of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region

The relationship between the areas of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region is still debated because of their complex historical geology and the enormous diversity of taxa. Cladistic methods have previously been used to reconstruct the relationships between areas in the region but never with such a high number of unrelated taxa (35). We use a compilation of phylogenies to investigate area relationships among Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region, run the comparative analysis with LisBeth [based on three‐item analyses (3ia)] and compare the results with recently published geological reconstructions of the region. We discuss the relevance of such an approach to the interpretation of general pattern. The two questions addressed are: (1) is there an emerging common pattern; and (2) how to explain actual distributions of taxa in Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region. Three‐item analysis found 27 optimal trees. An intersection tree reconstructed from the common three‐area statements had an overall retention index of 84.8% and retrieved 13 nodes with two major branches compatible with a separation between Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region (i.e. congruent with some geological reconstructions). Any congruent patterns revealed by the combination of unrelated taxa should reflect a common cause. The extraction of information on area relationships contained in phylogenetic analyses of taxa consists of testing for area homologues. We obtained the tree from this region based on an empirical dataset which we hope will contribute to new insights into area classification in the region.     

喀喇昆仑山和昆仑山地区禾本科植物区系

喀喇昆仑山和昆仑山地区的禾本科植物除去栽培种类外共有47属,含161种.分析表明:(1)本区的禾本科植物主要是由北温带成分组成,并兼有丰富的旧世界温带成分和其他温带成分,温带性质明显.(2)本区所分布的泛热带成分无一例外地都能够延伸到温带地区,应属一类具有一定程度温带性质的泛热带分布类型.一些种类如蔗茅(Erianthus ravennae)的出现是从地中海地区经中亚分布到本区的.(3)本区的禾本科植物绝大多数属于温寒地带分布类型,因而具有明显的高原、高山植物区系的特征,主要有固沙草属(Orinus)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、披碱草属(Elymus)、三毛草属(Trisetum)、扇穗茅属(Littledalea)、偃麦草属(Elytrigia)、冠毛草属(Stephanachne) 和拟沿沟草属(Paracolpodium)等,这是本区的高山特化和寒旱化适应现象在禾本科植物中的突出表现.(4)本区无特有属,特有种亦较少,这种现象是有其自然和历史原因的.大多数的单种属和寡种属都是从它们各自广布的近缘属中衍生而来,表明本区系是一个年轻的、衍生的区系.例如细柄茅属(Ptilagrostis)之从针茅属(Stipa),钝基草属(Timoria)之从芨芨草属(Achnatherum)等.(5)本区系同周围区系的联系广泛,但同西藏区系的关系最为密切.     

Phytogeographical affinities at the crossroads of two continents: Distribution patterns of Lamiaceae in Chios Island (East Aegean Islands,Greece) and Çeşme–Karaburun Peninsula (West Anatolia,Turkey)

The East Aegean (East Aegean Islands, Greece and West Anatolia, Turkey) is a biogeographically transitional region, where biodiversity elements from Europe and Asia join. However, affinities in the region were until recently scarcely explored. We assess biogeographical affinities in the East Aegean focusing on distribution patterns of Lamiaceae plants in Chios Island and its adjacent Çe?me–Karaburun Peninsula. Detailed in-situ record was acquired for 48 native species. These were grouped based on their habitat and geological substrate preference, their distribution was mapped in grid cells and distribution patterns were analysed in relation to species groupings. In both Chios and Çe?me–Karaburun, species follow five distribution patterns: widespread, locally widespread, locally restricted, sporadic and rare. Fifty to 62% of the species exhibit similar distribution patterns, trends in habitat and geological substrate preference in Chios and Çe?me–Karaburun, results complying with previous evidence of close biogeographical affinities of the East Aegean Islands and neighbouring Anatolia. Differences observed between the two regions may be attributed to insularity effects, human impact and the melange, an old rock matrix known for its key role in elucidating regional geodynamic evolution. Distributions of widespread and locally widespread species in Chios give evidence of density compensation and niche shifts responses, however, the actual occurrence of these phenomena in island plant populations is still to be elucidated. Overall, the species distribution patterns, particularly those of rare ones, reflect the complex geological history, palaeogeography and human influence in the Aegean region.     

INAUGURAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL FOSSIL ALGAE RESEARCH GROUP OF PSC AND THE 1ST FOSSIL ALGAE SYMPOSIUM HELD IN NANJING

The inaugural meeting of the National Fossil Algae Research Group of PSC and the l st fossil algae symposium were held from December 2-7, 1981 in Nanjing. 117 Chinese fossil algae of China", in which he gave an geological colleges, geological survey, petroleum prospecting units, coal and metallurgical in-     

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of West Indian toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

Toads of the Bufo peltocephalus Group (Anura: Bufonidae) occur throughout the Greater Antilles (Cuba to the Virgin Islands), a geographic region of relatively high endemicity. Previous morphological and immunological studies suggested that the West Indian toads are a monophyletic lineage derived from Neotropical Bufo but were unable to clarify relationships within the group. We examined the evolutionary relationships and biogeography of this group of frogs by collecting approximately 2 kb of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from eight West Indian species and selected non-West Indian species from the New World and the Old World. Our analyses support the monophyly of native West Indian toads and a New World origin for the group. Relationships among the West Indian species are less certain, but a Cuban lineage is defined in most analyses.