软土地基中插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构的一种简化数值计算方法

简述了对插入式大直径薄壁圆筒进行数值分析采用的力学机制，用弹簧元模拟薄壁圆筒与地基土体接触面间的连接所形成一种简化的数值计算模型，运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS进行二次开发后对其进行数值计算与分析，比较了对筒内外淤泥粘土采用不同加固处理方法以及考虑相邻圆筒间采用不同边界约束条件时，对圆筒的应力和稳定性的影响。通过实例计算，验证了该数值模型的有效性与可行性，并得出一些有益结论。     

一种改进的温克勒海水溶氧分析方法

本文推荐了一种改进的温克勒（Winkler1888)海水溶解氧的分析方法，并介绍了该方法的基本原理、仪器设备、分析和计算方法等。由于这种改进的分析方法在六个方面作了较大的技术改进，其分析精密度与分析准确度都有了较大的提高。大量的实验数据表明，改进方法的海水溶氧测定精密度约为经典方法精密度的3－5倍，溶氧测量准确度也比经典方法提高了0．8％。本方法可以作为海水溶氧观测仪器计量校准的标准分析方法使用。     

大圆筒结构在海上栈桥工程中的应用

大圆筒结构应用于威海华能金海湾国际饭店海上栈桥工程取得成功。重点论述大圆筒施工的工艺流程、方法以及注意事项,达到预期建设效果,获得相关结论。     

大容积全海深环境模拟装置结构及低温控制分析

深海环境模拟装置是开展深海技术与装备研发中必不可少的试验系统。本文基于预应力钢丝缠绕技术，将传统的单层筒体拆分成双层结构，并在内套筒和外套筒间设有冷却通道。以筒体内径1000 mm、筒深2500 mm、最高设计压力200 MPa 的深海环境模拟装置为例，进行筒体结构和低温控制过程的初步计算分析。通过计算结果可知：在筒体结构设计上， 缠绕预紧系数浊η=1.13 时，筒体外半径r0 = 795 mm，芯筒总厚度为177 mm，所需缠绕钢丝层厚度为118 mm；在低温控制过程，增压器等熵效率为0.6 时，需要通过制冷系统将初始状态的工质水冷却至0 ℃，并保持筒内不少于4.6%的含冰量，且制冷系统总制冷量不低于24.62 kW，则可以实现筒内200 MPa下4 ℃及以下低温控制。研究结果可以为大型全海深环境模拟装置的低温控制策略研究提供参考。     

Coupled BEM-FEM Analysis of the Large-Diameter Cylinder Structure System

A method of coupled BEM-FEM analysis for the elastic spatial structure system is presented. It can be applied to the calculation of the stress and deformation of the large-diamater cylinder structure system and it is suitable for symmetric or non-symmetric structures under the distributed or concentrated load. Numerical examples show that the proposed method and computer program BEFEM are quite efficient in the analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure problems in ocean engineering.     

深基坑支护结构设计的平面应变有限元法

采用平面应变有限元法讨论深基坑工程多支撑支护问题 ,与传统的静力平衡法、弹性抗力有限元法相比具有优越性 ,该方法将支护结构与土体作为 1个系统研究 ,充分考虑桩土间的协调作用 ,模拟桩土接触界面 ,能计算出不同开挖阶段坑底及地表的变形、支护结构的应力及弯矩 ,在基坑支护结构设计中具有重要应用价值。     

Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

An Approximate Method for Calculation of Fluid Force and Response of A Circular Cylinder at Lock-in

In this paper, equations calculating lift force of a rigid circular cylinder at lock-in in uniform flow are deduced in detail. Besides, equations calculating the lift force on a long flexible circular cylinder at lock-in are deduced based on mode analysis of a multi-degree freedom system. The simplified forms of these equations are also given. Furthemore, an approximate method to predict the forces and response of rigid circular cylinders and long flexible circular cylinders at lock-in is introduced in the case of low mass-damping ratio. A method to eliminate one deficiency of these equations is introduced. Comparison with experimental results shows the effectiveness of this approximate method.     

临淄地区包气带及地下水中酚、氰化物的污染迁移机理

依据环境水文地质条件、污染源的状况和酚、氰化物对地下水长期污染状况,综合临淄地区现场资料对酚、氰化物的污染特性及迁移机理作初步研究。研究表明,淄河沿岸区和冲沟内砂砾石分布区是酚、氰化物进入地下水的主要通道,大气降水是促进酚、氰化物解吸迁移的主要因素。虽然目前研究区域内已无含酚、氰化物的污水直接排放,但吸附于较厚细颗粒包气带土层中的酚、氰化物还将在较长时间内存在并缓慢进入地下水中,其含量将会随时间的推移而呈减少趋势。     

On the Exceedance Probabilities of Extreme Drift Motions of An Offshore Structure

The response statistics of a compliant offshore structure excited by slowly varying wave drift forces is calculated by use of a numerical path integral solution method,rlhe path integral solution is based on the Gauss-Legendre interpolation scheme,and the values of the response probability density are obtained at the Gauss quadrature points in sub-intervals.It is demonstrated that a distinct advantage of the path integral solution is that the joint probabihty density of the response displacement and velocity is one of the by products of the calculations.This makes it possible to calculate the mean level up-crossing rates,which provides estimates of the exceedance probabilities of specified response levels for given time periods.     

Study on Wave Dissipation of the Structure Combined by Baffle and Submerged Breakwater

This paper proposes a structure combined by baffle and submerged breakwater (abbreviated to SCBSB in the following texts). Such a combined structure is conducive to the water exchange in the harbor, and has strong capability on wave dissipation. Our paper focuses on the discussion of two typical structures, i.e., the submerged baffle and rectangular breakwater combined with the upper baffle respectively, which are named as SCBSB1 and SCBSB2 for short. The eigenfunction method corrected by experimental results is used to investigate the wave dissipation characteristics. It shows that the calculated results agree well with the experimental data and the minimum value of the wave transmission coefficient can be obtained when the distance between the front and rear structures is from 1/4 to 1/2 of the incident wave length.     

3-D Shear Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle in South China Sea and its Surrounding Regions by Surface Wave Dispersion Analysis

In this study, we construct a 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in South China Sea and its surrounding regions by surface wave dispersion analysis. We use the multiple filter technique to calculate the group velocity dispersion curves of fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves with periods from 14 s to 120 s for earthquakes occurred around the Southeast Asia. We divide the study region (80° E–140° E, 16° S–32° N) into 3° × 3° blocks and use the constrained block inversion method to get the regionalized dispersion curve for each block. At some chosen periods, we put together laterally the regionalized group velocities from different blocks at the same period to get group velocity image maps. These maps show that there is significant heterogeneity in the group velocity of the study region. The dispersion curve of each block was then processed by surface wave inversion method to obtain the shear wave velocity structure. Finally, we put the shear wave velocity structures of all the blocks together to obtain the three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle. The three-dimensional shear wave velocity structure shows that the shear wave velocity distribution in the crust and upper mantle of the South China Sea and its surrounding regions displays significant heterogeneity. There are significant differences among the crustal thickness, the lithospheric thickness and the shear wave velocity of the lid in upper mantle of different structure units. This study shows that the South China Sea Basin, southeast Sulu Sea Basin and Celebes Sea Basin have thinner crust. The thickness of crust in South China Sea Basin is 5–10 km; in Indochina is 25–40 km; in Peninsular Malaysia is 30–35 km; in Borneo is 30–35 km; in Palawan is 35 km; in the Philippine Islands is 30–35 km, in Sunda Shelf is 30–35 km, in Southeast China is 30–40 km, in West Philippine Basin is 5–10 km. The South China Sea Basin has a lithosphere with thickness of about 45–50 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3–4.7 km/s; Indochina has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–70 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3–4.5 km/s; Borneo has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–60 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.1–4.3 km/s; the Philippine Islands has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–60 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.2–4.3 km/s, West Philippine Basin has a lithosphere with thickness of about 50–55 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.7–4.8 km/s, Sunda Self has a lithosphere with thickness of about 55–65 km, and the shear wave velocity of its lid is about 4.3 km/s. The Red-River Fault Zone probably penetrates to a depth of at least 200 km and is plausibly the boundary between the South China Block and the Indosinia Block.     

辽宁沿海经济带海洋产业结构及竞争力评价研究

海洋产业结构是海洋经济发展质量的重要指标。文章运用偏离-份额分析法并引入增长率指数、区域结构效果指数和区域竞争力效果指数,对辽宁沿海经济带6市2009—2018年海洋产业结构和竞争力进行对比分析,研究表明:辽宁沿海经济带海洋经济发展迅速,海洋产业结构整体较好,但在海洋产业内部,海洋第一产业发展缓慢,综合竞争力较低;海洋新兴产业在海洋第二产业中占比重较小;海洋第三产业已成为辽宁沿海经济带主导产业,发展优势明显。辽宁沿海经济带还需更加注重产业发展的合理配置,力图能将各产业间发展形成协调互补的可持续发展结构。     

The prediction of the dynamic and structural motions of a floating-pier system in waves

In this study, a two-dimensional floating pier consists of single rectangular impermeable pontoon with side supporting pile-columns is studied. The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical solution for the linearized problem of incident waves exerting on a floating pier with pile-restrained. All boundary conditions are linearized in the problem, which is incorporated into a scattering problem and radiation problem with unit displacement. The method of separation of variables is used to solve for velocity potentials. For the radiation problem with unit heave and pitch amplitude, the boundary value problem with non-homogeneous boundary condition beneath the structure is solved by using a solution scheme. By calculating the wave force from velocity potential and solving the equation of motion of the floating structure simultaneously a close form theoretical solution for the problem is developed. The finite element method was also applied to calculate the dynamic responses on the supporting piles subjected to the pontoon motions and incident waves.     

金枪鱼渔业国际市场结构成因分析及对我国的启示

金枪鱼渔业作为远洋渔业和海洋经济的重要组成部分,其发展受到各远洋渔业大国的高度重视和大力扶持。文章基于SCP分析范式,从市场结构、市场行为及市场绩效3个范畴研究金枪鱼渔业产业组织的结构特征,分析影响金枪鱼渔业市场结构的因素,探究市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三者的关系。研究发现:金枪鱼国际生产和贸易垄断集中程度降低,市场竞争的有效性不断加强;金枪鱼的市场结构受到市场集中度、产品差别化,进入和退出壁垒的影响;金枪鱼渔业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效之间存在相互影响关系。文章最后为我国发展金枪鱼渔业,提升国际竞争力提出了发挥渔业管理组织牵头作用,共同维护金枪鱼市场有效竞争;积极促进企业发展,提高生产研发能力,立足国际市场;创造良好国际环境,切实为金枪鱼渔业发展保驾护航等建议。     

末次冰盛期以来日本海浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化

生物标志物法已经被广泛应用于重建海洋浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化。本文利用这种方法重建了日本海末次冰盛期以来浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化。结果显示,生物标志物含量在末次冰期最盛期21～19 ka和14～4 ka时有高值,而在19～14 ka、4～0 ka有低值。末次冰期最盛期时生物标志物的高含量是由于分层导致的底层水缺氧,生物标志物得到较好保存的结果,而此时日本海盐度很低,使颗石藻相对含量很低;19～14 ka陆源输入减少,日本海生产力水平较低,不断增加的盐度使浮游植物群落结构由硅藻、甲藻占优转变为颗石藻占优;14～4 ka对马暖流流量的加大提高了日本海的初级生产力,同时高营养盐利于硅藻、甲藻的生长,使颗石藻的相对比例减小;4 ka以后随冬季风的增强和黑潮减弱,对马暖流减弱,供应的营养盐减少,日本海生产力水平降低,使颗石藻的相对比例增大,硅藻、甲藻的相对比例减小。     

大亚湾夏、冬浮游植物群落结构与环境因子

根据2015-08和2015-12大亚湾海域的调查数据,对大亚湾浮游植物种类组成、丰度分布、多样性及与环境因子的关系等进行分析。结果显示:夏冬两季共鉴定出浮游植物5门39属102种,其中硅藻70种,甲藻27种,金藻和绿藻分别为2种,蓝细菌1种。浮游植物丰度夏季波动范围为(0.80～42.43)×10~6个/m^3,均值为10.70×10~6个/m^3;冬季波动范围为(0.13～43.80)×10~6个/m^3,均值为7.24×10~6个/m^3;浮游植物丰度组成夏季以硅藻为主,占总丰度的97.51%,冬季则以金藻和蓝细菌为主,占97.41%。夏季优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、柔弱拟菱形藻(Peseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)和菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides);冬季优势种为球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)和束毛藻(Trichodesmium sp.)。冗余分析显示,影响大亚湾浮游植物分布的关键环境因子,夏季为透明度、氮磷比、温度和盐度,冬季为盐度、pH、温度和亚硝氮。     

沙尘和灰霾对西北太平洋浮游植物群落结构变化的影响

通过在西北太平洋黑潮亲潮混合区(E02和E10M)和副热带寡营养区(M1和M1B)开展的船基围隔培养实验,探究了不同海域表层海水中浮游植物对沙尘和灰霾添加的响应,以及浮游植物群落结构的变化。结果表明,黑潮亲潮混合区浮游植物可能受铁(Fe)限制,副热带寡营养区浮游植物主要受氮(N)限制。沙尘和灰霾添加均可以促进浮游植物生长,并可使浮游植物的粒级结构分布发生明显变化。在黑潮亲潮混合区,沙尘添加组使小型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率(C_Micro)由～10%上升至～55%,超微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率(C_Pico)由～70%下降至～20%,但在培养实验过程中,各粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a贡献率的变化量与沙尘添加量无明显的相关关系,这种现象的原因可能是不同量的沙尘添加均可为浮游植物的生长提供较充足的Fe导致的。在副热带寡营养区,沙尘或灰霾添加组的C_Micro由～10%上升至～35%,C_Pico由～70%下降至～55%～～35%,各粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a贡献率的变化与沙尘或灰霾添加量呈线性相关关系,表明浮游植物的生长对沙尘或灰霾的N供给量具有较高的敏感性。     

资料同化中的伴随方法及其在海洋中的应用

较系统地综述了资料同化中各种方法的分类,并着重说明了伴随方法的基本原理和具体实现步骤。并总结了伴随方法在海洋中的应用现状,并指出由于观测资料特别是遥感资料的日益丰富,伴随方法将有广泛地应用前景。     

我国海洋产业结构分析及产业优化对策

利用海洋统计数据分析我国海洋产业结构的现状与变化趋势,采用相关分析、灰色相关分析等计量经济学方法,确定影响海洋产业发展的相关因素,根据《海洋经济发展规划纲要》的要求,应用产业经济理论、产业关联理论、区域经济和海陆经济一体化理论系统分析目前我国海洋产业结构中存在的问题并提出海洋产业的优化对策。