江苏东部及相邻海区油气遥感研究

以苏北第三系油气田为已知区，应用NOAA气象卫星油气遥感技术，对江苏东部及相邻海区NOAA气象卫星资料进行了建模处理，并对该地区的油气遥感异常带(异常密集区)进行了解释与划分，其结果不但揭示了江苏东部及相邻海区第三系油气田的分布信息，而且还揭示了该地区碳酸盐岩的油气分布信息，同时也得到了油气化探资料的证实，从而为该区域的油气勘探选区评价提供了新的依据。     

苏北气象卫星油气遥感和洪泽凹陷油气预测

NOAA气象卫星具有大面积探测油气田信息的能力，且地面分辨率可满足勘探选区的需要，根据油气遥感异常可以预测不同类型的油气田。苏北的油气遥感异常分布与真武等十几个油气田的勘探结果基本一致，洪泽凹陷厚油层的发现更验证了其可靠性。从控制油气遥感异常的地层和构造条件分析，预测洪泽凹陷的管镇和裴圩异常密集区是油气勘探的有利区。该区可能以分散的众多小圈闭为特征，受北北东向基底入字型断裂控制。     

珠江口盆地东部前第三纪——早第三纪洼陷特征及油气前景

珠江口盆地前－早第三纪洼陷（指有一定沉积厚度的低凹及深陷地区，非构造单元）分为4种类型，即半地暂型、拗陷型、残留型及过渡型。着重对残留型和过渡型洼陷在地震剖面上反映的上、中、下三大构造层进行对比，认为下构造层为海相中生界，中构造层为陆相下第三系，上构造层为海相上第三系。研究了海相中生代地层的分布、结构、构造及含油气特征，指出东沙隆起东部及其相邻的潮汕拗陷东北部和珠一拗陷东部地区是寻找中生代海相油气藏的新领域。     

华北东部盆地油气勘探潜力与发展方向

华北东部盆地是典型的多旋回叠加改造型盆地,中上元古界、下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界普遍具有生烃潜力和储盖组合条件.漫长的地质演化和新生代构造断裂活动形成了上第三系至太古界多层系多类型的油气藏,在凹陷、凸起的各部位,分布着大型油气聚集带.根据盆地历史演化、勘探程度差异性及油气发现的特点,对华北东部盆地油气勘探潜力进行了分析.在该地区应着重研究多勘探层系、勘探程度的差异性和地质理论的新进展,充分挖掘各探区内各单元的油气资源潜力,第三系深层、前第三系、滩海和浅海应是华北东部盆地21世纪油气勘探的重点领域.     

埕岛油田东部地区第三系油气成藏规律研究

埕岛油田东部地区第三系储量丰度高、勘探潜力大,但是通过多年来的勘探证实,该区不同层系油气藏类型及富集规律存在差异,成藏主控因素不明。利用精细构造解释、高精度地层对比等方法,对埕岛主体东部地区第三系的地质特征、储集体分布规律、油气藏分布规律进行了较为系统的分析,总结了该区油气成藏的主控因素,有利于下步有利目标的勘探。     

辽东湾大中型油气田地质特征及形成条件分析

从辽东湾的油气勘探实践出发，总结已找到的3个大中型油气田的基本地质特征，指出它们均为前第三系基底掀斜断块上发育起来的下第三系披覆背斜油气田，受构造－岩性复合因素控制。进一步从油源、构造、储集、区域性盖层及高压异常油气驱动等条件分析大中型油气田的形成条件，从而指出辽东湾有希望寻找大中型油气田的领域。     

巴西桑托斯盆地盐下大型油气田成藏控制因素

巴西近年来在桑托斯盆地盐下相继发现了 Ｐａｒａｔｉ、Ｌｉｂｒａ、Ｔｕｐｉ 等一批大型油气田,已成为当今世界深海勘探的热点地区。 利用中石化合作区块获得的最新资料,对桑托斯盆地盐下大型油气田形成的油气地质条件进行了系统分析,运用油气成藏理论,对典型大油气田进行解剖,研究了桑托斯盆地盐下油气富集规律及成藏主控因素,提出了盐下大型油气田成藏五要素,建立了盐下油气成藏模式,指出盆地东部盐下古隆起带是下一步寻找大型油气田的有利地区。     

柴北缘逆冲带侏罗系油气成藏主控因素分析

柴达木盆地北缘地区经过多年勘探,发现了以侏罗系为烃源岩的冷湖、南八仙及马北等油气田,通过对该地区石油地质条件综合分析,认为柴北缘侏罗系油气成藏主控因素具有以下特点:烃源岩的分布、成烃演化及生烃中心的位置控制着油气相态的分布格局;古近纪晚期和新近纪中期是柴北缘地区油气运聚的关键时刻,燕山期发育的古隆起和早第三纪发育的构造带是控制油气运聚的重要构造因素;中、新生界之间发育规模较大的区域性不整合面,第三系发育区域性分布的渗透性砂岩,为油气侧向运移提供了有利条件;晚喜马拉雅期盆内主控断裂及其派生断层的强烈活动,为油气垂向运移提供了有利条件。     

梁家楼油田沙二段油气成藏规律

梁家楼油田是以开发下第三系沙河街组沙三段为主要目的层的油田，在勘探开发过程中，发现了沙二段油层在不同区域零星分布。结合区域资料研究了梁家楼地区沙二段油气地质特征和油藏特征，指出本区沙二段为典型的小型隐蔽性油藏，主要油藏类型为反向屋脊断块遮挡油气藏和断层-岩性复合油藏，总结了油气成藏规律，提出“小构造，小断层控油”和油气分布“南多北少，南浅北深”的观点，对指导本区及相邻地区沙二段的油气勘探工作具有积极意义。     

国家投巨资开发新疆三大油田

新疆塔里木、准噶尔和吐哈盆地油气勘探已取得令人瞩目的成果。迄今,准噶尔盆地东部探明一个大油田——彩南油田;腹部沙漠地区连续钻获多口高产油气井。吐哈盆地已探明和基本探明11个油气田。在塔里木盆地已发现14个油气田,控制了18个工业性含油气构造,探明了6个整装油气田。最近,塔北英买7号凝析油气田的第一口发现井(英买9井)在下第三系钻获日产凝析油43.6m~3,天然气15.7万m~3,标志着塔里木盆地第三系找油取得突破性进展。石油地质专家认为,塔里木盆地油气勘探开发前景良好,是我国西部石油工业最重要的基地。自“稳定东部,发展西部”的油气战略方针确立以来,国家已投巨资勘探开发塔里木、准噶尔和吐哈三大油田;今年又将投110亿元巨资全面开发建设新疆油气田开发基地。预计到本世纪末,随着西部油气的大规模开发,按油气当量计算,我国陆上油气总产量可望达到规划要求的2亿t水平。     

柴达木盆地西南部凹陷特征及生烃潜力分析

13个区块的三维大连片资料显示柴达木盆地西南部(简称“柴西南”)现今存在红狮、扎哈泉、阿拉尔和切克里克等4个主要凹陷(或次级凹陷)。通过对凹陷构造演化和生烃潜力分析,认为红狮凹陷、扎哈泉凹陷和切克里克东凹陷为早期持续沉降凹陷,发育古近系-新近系厚度较大的优质烃源岩,生烃潜力大。同时,结合油源对比和油气分布指出,柴西南具有大凹陷局部生烃中心,油气“环凹近源”聚集的特征,预算红狮和扎哈泉-切克里克2个生烃中心资源量为8.86×108t,临近生烃中心长期持续发育的七个泉-砂西、跃进、乌南、昆北等古鼻状凸起及外围斜坡带,不但有红狮凹陷和扎哈泉-切克里克凹陷2个生烃中心为其提供充足的油源,而且继承性发育多个三角洲沉积体系前缘相带、滨浅湖滩坝优质储砂体,源储配置好,是岩性、岩性-构造油气藏勘探的有利区带。     

辽河滩海东部勘探有利圈闭特征

由于郯庐断裂带的多期走滑活动,滩海地区东部的构造演化、圈闭形成过程相对复杂。通过对辽河滩海地区东部构造演化过程分析,认为研究区主要发育了3种类型的圈闭:1)前古近纪时期,潜山内幕发育了一系列近东西向的反向翘倾断块圈闭,在渐新世时期可以依靠燕南断层走滑活动接受来自东部凹陷内的油气运聚保存后成藏,形成中、古生界圈闭;2)渐新世时期,走滑作用对燕南断层进行改造,同时潜山抬升,东营组地层沿着燕南断层形成一系列断鼻圈闭;3)上新—更新世时期,研究区内发生剪切走滑作用对馆陶组地层圈闭改造,形成了馆陶组构造地层圈闭。按照有利圈闭以及经济勘探的原则,给出了建议钻探目标区域。     

六盘山盆地中、新生代构造演化和油气勘探

六盘山地区地处秦岭-祁连构造转折区和中国东西构造分界带,其所处大地构造位置甚为重要。然而,由于六盘山广大地区为白垩系和第三系所覆盖,一直以来对其覆盖区外的周缘地区研究较多,而对覆盖区内的基底性质和结构等知之甚少。近年来,石油勘探中进行的重力、电法、地震和遥感地质研究揭示了大量本区地质构造特征和演化的信息。本文在此基础上,讨论了该地区的沉积组成、基底构造特征、中生代以来的构造演化、烃源岩分布和成熟度等特征,并提出了该区油气勘探的前景和有利的勘探区段。     

高精度遥感影像数据在复杂地表区地震勘探工程中的应用

中西部地区面临山地、山前冲积、戈壁、沙漠、黄土塬及东部地区的沼泽、滩海等复杂地表条件,如何优化这些复杂地区的地震测线部署、如何降低这些地区施工作业劳动强度、如何有效控制地震采集工程成本并确保地震采集质量等系列问题已摆在油气勘探工作者的面前。文中总结了高精度遥感影像数据在复杂地表区地震勘探工作中的五个方面的应用。民和盆地永登地区和准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯地区的应用表明,高精度遥感影像数据在复杂地表条件下的地震勘探是十分必要和有效的,它有助于获得高品质的地震资料。     

OIL SOURCE ROCK POTENTIAL OF THE LACUSTRINE JURASSIC SIM UUJU FORMATION, WEST KOREA BAY BASIN Part II: Nature of the organic matter and hydrocarbon-generation history

The offshore West Korea Bay (WKB) Basin is one of a series of NE-SW rift basins which formed in Korea and eastern China over thin continental crust during the Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic, and is characterised by a two-layered structure — a Cenozoic basin is superposed on a pre-Tertiary basin. In Part I of this paper (Massoud et al., 1991), paraffinic oils recovered from Mesozoic and Tertiary sandstone intervals were found to have been generated from different source beds. Also, a probable thick (400–500 m) Jurassic source bed for the Mesozoic oil was geochemically identified in the basinal offshore area of the lacustrine Sim Uuju sequence penetrated by Well 606
In this Paper, the Authors complete the hydrocarbons survey on the formation by studying the type, amount and maturity of organic matter present, and the history of hydrocarbon generation. They conclude that the Jurassic bed could be considered as a major source for the Mesozoic oil in the WKB Basin, provided that it is of a sufficient extent to have produced large volumes of oil.     

HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE AND CARBONATE MOUND FORMATION: A BASIN MODELLING STUDY FROM THE PORCUPINE BASIN (OFFSHORE IRELAND)

This study assesses whether the growth of deep water carbonate mounds on the continental slope of the north Atlantic may be associated with active hydrocarbon leakage. The carbonate mounds studied occur in two distinct areas of the Porcupine Basin, 200 km offshore Ireland, known as the Hovland-Magellan and the Belgica areas.
To evaluate the possible link between hydrocarbon leakage and mound growth, we used two dimensional cross-section and map-based basin modelling. Geological information was derived from interpretation of five seismic lines across the province as well as the Connemara oilfield. Calibration data was available from the northern part of the study area and included vitrinite reflectance, temperature and apatite fission track data.
Modelling results indicate that the main Jurassic source rocks are mature to overmature for hydrocarbon generation throughout the basin. Hydrocarbon generation and migration started in the Late Cretaceous. Based on our stratigraphic and lithologic model definitions, hydrocarbon migration is modelled to be mainly vertical, with only Aptian and Tertiary deltaic strata directing hydrocarbon flow laterally out of the basin. Gas chimneys observed in the Connemara field were reproduced using flow modelling and are related to leakage at the apices of rotated Jurassic fault blocks. The model predicts significant focussing of gas migration towards the Belgica mounds, where Cretaceous and Tertiary carrier layers pinch out. In the Hovland-Magellan area, no obvious focus of hydrocarbon flow was modelled from the 2D section, but drainage area analysis of Tertiary maps indicates a link between mound position and shallow Tertiary closures which may focus hydrocarbon flow towards the mounds.     

丽水、椒江凹陷油气潜力分析和勘探突破口的选择

本文利用第四轮对外合作勘探成果分析台北坳陷丽水、椒江凹陷具有中国东部裂陷盆地的基本地质特征.下古新统优质烃源岩、丰富的油气资源和众多的圈闭是“九五”勘探的主战场.丽水凹陷已发现好的油气显示,是实现勘探突破的最现实地区,椒江凹陷勘探程度低是勘探的后备地区.以灵峰组为区域盖层的下古新统成油组合是主要勘探目的层.丽水西斜坡和分隔丽水东西次凹的灵峰低潜山构造带是该区最有利的两个区带,缓坡近凹构造是实现勘探突破的首选目标.文中指出了该区勘探的复杂性及相应的措施.     

大港探区勘探领域及对策分析

经历了近40年勘探的黄骅坳陷大港探区,其陆地部分已进入勘探的中晚期阶段,勘探难度日渐加大,但从近期勘探成果和剩余资源看,仍有较大的勘探潜力。设想在8-10年内大港探区勘探工作的总体发展目标是:"确保储量增长、促进资源转化、谋求二次创业"。关键是要针对不同领域实施不同的勘探对策,即:陆上已知油气富集区带--勘探开发一体化下的精细勘探;滩海勘探--拓展与类比;下第三系深层--用技术换储量;隐蔽油气藏--以效益储量为纲;前第三系潜山--全力突破非均质。     

SUPERPOSED DEFORMATION IN THE NORTHERN SUEZ RIFT, EGYPT: RELEVANCE TO HYDROCARBONS EXPLORATION

Detailed subsurface studies of the northern part of the Suez Rift and adjacent areas indicate the superposition of two different episodes of deformation. During the earlier (Late Cretaceous) phase of deformation, folds with NE-SW oriented axes were formed in northern Egypt as a result of convergence between Africa and Eurasia and the closure of the Neotethys. During the later (early Miocene) deformation., NW-oriented normal faults were formed as a result of the opening of the Suez Rift.
Borehole data have shown that a belt of NE en échelon folds with NE-SW axes exists in the subsurface in the northernmost part of the rift, between Ayun Musa and the Sukhna-1 well, soulth of Geble Ataqa. This fold belt represents the SW continuation of the en échelon folds exposed in the Mitla Pass, to the NE of the rift. Another pre-rift structure is the offshore extension of the Wadi Araba structure as a SE-facing monocline. This offshore structure also represents the continuation of the Geble Somar structure, on the eastern shoulder of the Suez Rift. The Geble Somar and Wadi Araba Structures represent the southernmost prerift folds in northern Egypt. Pre-rift folds in the study area stood high above sea-level during the Palaeocene and early Eocene. Upper Cretaceous and/or older rocks in the cores of these folds were later unconformably covered by middle Eocene rocks. The presence of Late Cretaceous folds should be taken into consideration when exploring for hydrocarbons in this part of the Suez Rift.
Borehole data in NE Egypt also indicate the presence of Late Cretaceous folds underneath the almost flat-laying Tertiary rocks in the northern part of the Eastern Desert. These folds are condidered to be potential hydrocarbon traps in this relatively poorly-explored area.