早产儿湿肺的临床特征及治疗对策

目的对上海市早产儿中心早产儿湿肺发生情况、临床特征进行调查分析，旨在提高对该病的进一步认识。方法调查2002年1月1日～2003年12月31日出生的活产早产婴儿752例，临床表现湿肺症者48例。回顾性总结分析该病的临床特点、严重程度及影响因素、治疗手段和预后。结果早产儿湿肺发生率为6．38％，可发生在各胎龄段和体重段之间。临床表现以症状出现早，多有呻吟、青紫、反应较差、明显吸凹征等为特点。病情严重程度与心脏功能密切相关。严重者多需用机械辅助通气。单纯湿肺症预后良好。结论早产儿湿肺发生率相当高．剖宫产分娩仍然是重要影响因素。     

肺表面活性物质预防早产儿RDS的临床观察

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(PS)预防用药对预防早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)及改善早产儿预后的可行性。方法 我院胎龄≤32W的早产儿12例,于生后预防应用PS(预防组);同期确诊为RDS 17例应用呼吸机和PS(治疗组),比例两RDS发生率、呼吸机参数、并发症及预后。结果 预防组RDS发生3例,发生率为25％,低于我院同期收治的≤32W早产儿RDS发生率(43％);预防组RDS 3例均为Ⅱ期,治疗组Ⅲ期、Ⅳ为52.9％(9/17)。预防组上呼吸机所需压力明显低于治疗组,(P<0.05);肺炎、感染、颅内出血等合并症有下降趋势;未有气漏及BPD的发生。结论 PS预防用药可降低早产儿RDS发生率及减轻发病程度,减少呼吸机的应用,减少并发症,改善早产儿预后。     

肺表面活性物质治疗早产儿肺出血的临床观察

目的 观察肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)治疗早产儿肺出血的疗效.方法 将52例肺出血早产儿分为对照组和PS组.对照组予机械通气和常规治疗;PS组在此基础上,应用PS制剂(猪肺磷脂注射液)200 mg/kg.观察两组患儿治疗后6、24、72 h肺氧合功能的改变,并对两组患儿的住院天数、机械通气天数、用氧天数、治愈率、病死率进行比较.结果 PS组和对照组在性别、胎龄、出生体重、发病日龄、出生Apagar评分及新生儿危重病例评分方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组经PS治疗后,动脉肺泡氧分压比值及氧合指数在各时间点(6h、24 h、72 h)较治疗前均有明显改善(P＜0.05),而对照组仅在治疗后72 h较治疗前有明显改善(P ＜0.05);PS组用氧天数、机械通气天数、住院天数和病死率均明显小于对照组,治愈率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PS治疗能明显改善肺出血早产儿的肺氧合功能,缩短用氧时间、机械通气时间和住院天数,提高治愈率,减少病死率.     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良伴肺动脉高压的临床特征及预后

目的 调查早产儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD）并发肺动脉高压（PH）的临床特征及预后。方法 对191例BPD患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 191例BPD患儿中,37例（19.4%）在纠正胎龄36周后并发PH,均发生于中度和重度BPD患儿,中度、重度BPD患儿的PH发生率分别为5.7%（5/87）和47.8%（32/67）。并发PH组患儿的出生胎龄、出生体重明显小于无PH组患儿（P < 0.01）;并发PH组患儿小于胎龄儿（SGA）比例、重度BPD比例、动脉导管未闭（PDA）手术率及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、有血流动力学意义的PDA、肺部感染的发生率明显高于无PH组（P < 0.01）;并发PH组患儿的吸氧、气管插管、正压通气时间均明显大于无PH组（P < 0.01）;并发PH组患儿的早产儿视网膜病、宫外生长发育迟缓发生率及病死率均明显高于无PH组,住院时间明显延长（P < 0.01）。37例PH患儿中（6例为轻度PH,14例中度,17例重度）,轻、中度PH患儿均存活,重度PH患儿中15例（88%）死亡。结论 中重度BPD患儿的PH发生率较高,建议定期筛查BPD患儿的肺动脉压力。低出生胎龄和体重、SGA和重度BPD患儿更易并发PH。BPD并发PH患儿的并发症发生率和病死率较高,预后相对不良。     

不同程度支气管肺发育不良早产儿的临床特征及预后分析

目的 探讨不同程度支气管肺发育不良（BPD）早产儿的临床特点及预后。方法 收集2014年3月至2016年3月入住NICU诊断为BPD且胎龄 < 32周的144例早产儿的临床资料,其中轻度组81例,中重度组63例,对轻度组与中重度组围生期高危因素及治疗情况、合并症及并发症、呼吸系统预后等情况进行比较和分析。结果 中重度组胎龄大于轻度组（P < 0.05）,但小于胎龄儿比例高于轻度组（P < 0.05）。中重度组重度子癎前期比例高于轻度组（P < 0.05）,先兆早产比例低于轻度组（P < 0.05）。中重度组生后2周仍需机械通气比例、机械通气时间、总氧疗时间、住院时间、肺炎及胆汁淤积综合症发生率高于轻度组（均P < 0.05）,枸橼酸咖啡因应用率低于轻度组（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,小于胎龄儿（OR=5.974）、肺炎（OR=2.590）、出生2周仍需机械通气（OR=4.632）是BPD程度较重的危险因素（P < 0.05）。纠正胎龄40周肺功能检测中,中重度组达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE%）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE%）及25%潮气量时呼吸流速（TEF25%）均低于轻度组（P < 0.05）。随访至纠正胎龄1岁,中重度组因肺炎反复入院率及喘息发作率均高于轻度组（P < 0.05）。结论 小于胎龄儿、肺炎、机械通气时间较长与BPD的严重程度相关,可加重BPD程度。中重度BPD患儿肺功能较差,易出现反复感染、喘息等并发症,应关注其远期预后。     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良的高危因素及预防对策

目的分析早产儿支气管肺发育不良症(BPD)的发生率和高危因素,探讨BPD的诊治措施。方法回顾分析苏州大学儿童医院2002-01—2006-10在NICU诊治的孕周<32周的极低出生体重儿145例的临床资料。71例均有机械通气史,其中13例诊断为BPD(BPD组),而58例为非BPD组,对两组临床资料进行对照研究。结果孕周<32周的极低出生体重儿BPD的总发生率是10.34%,而有气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸史的极低出生体重儿BPD的发生率高达18.31%。BPD组患儿胎龄和产重均较非BPD组低,胎膜早破史及合并PDA者BPD组均较对照组明显增高,有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院时间、肺表面活性物质(PS)的应用、有无窒息史均无明显差异,P>0.05;两组患儿在高浓度吸氧、PIP、PEEP及MAP几个呼吸机参数上差异无显著性(P>0.05),而上机时间和吸氧时间在两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论避免早产低体重、长时间吸氧机械通气、控制肺部反复感染是防止BPD的关键,积极早期综合治疗BPD疗效肯定,小剂量激素治疗有较好效果。     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良的防治

随着围生医学的发展,早产儿存活率上升,支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)发病率也逐年增高.BPD是一种由多因素引发的慢性肺疾病,其病因及发病机制复杂,早期病死率高,晚期伴有呼吸系统,甚至神经系统的不良结局,严重影响早产儿存活率及生活质量.该文就BPD的防治进展作一综述.     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良的病因及危险因素

文章对早产儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的病因和危险因素进行分析阐述。 研究显示, 早产和低出生体重、遗传易感性、 吸入高浓度氧、 机械通气、 宫内感染和出生后肺部感染、 动脉导管开放等是 BPD 的主要病因和危险因素。     

新生儿湿肺32例临床分析

目的探讨新生儿湿肺的临床特点,以提高正确诊断率。方法对新生儿湿肺39例进行临床分析。结果28例生后<6h发病,呼吸≥60次/min39例,发绀32例、呻吟21例、吐沫29例;呼吸音低9例、有湿口罗音19例。型呼衰16例,型呼衰2例。胸片以肺泡及肺间质积液为主,占74.36%;2例使用了CPAP辅助呼吸,绝大部分48h内症状消失。结论新生儿湿肺症状大部分出现在生后6h以内,主要表现为呼吸加快和发绀,胸片主要为肺泡及肺间质积液、肺淤血,重症可给予CPAP辅助治疗。     

The role of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting the severity of transient tachypnea of the newborn

Background/Aim

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a consequence of inadequate neonatal lung fluid clearance. Natriuretic peptides play an important role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and TTN, and to find out its role in predicting disease severity.

Methods

A prospective controlled study involving 67 infants with TTN and 33 controls ≥ 34 weeks gestational age was conducted. Study and control groups were compared for plasma NT-proBNP levels measured on the 6th, 24th, 72nd and 120th hours of life. Cardiac systolic functions were evaluated by echocardiography.

Results

NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in neonates with TTN compared to controls at 6th, 24th, 72nd and 120th hours (p < 0.001). NT-proBNP levels at 24th and 72nd hours were significantly higher in infants with prolonged tachypnea (p = 0.007 and p = 0.03) and in those who required respiratory support (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001). Tachypnea duration was correlated with NT-proBNP levels at 24 h (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). At a cut-off value of 6575 pg/ml, NT-proBNP had a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 64% to predict mechanical ventilation requirement. Cardiac systolic functions were normal in all TTN patients.

Conclusion

Plasma NT-proBNP levels are increased in neonates with TTN. Measurement of plasma NT-proBNP can be useful for predicting infants who will have prolonged tachypnea and mechanical ventilation requirement.     

Prognostic factors for treatment outcomes in transient tachypnea of the newborn

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a clinical syndrome associated with respiratory distress usually seen shortly after delivery in infants. This study aims to determine the risk factors predicting treatment outcomes in infants with TTN. Methods: Data from 236 infants diagnosed with TTN during the study period were evaluated retrospectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed to select significant risk factor for prognosis (prolonged oxygen therapy, application of mechanical ventilator, and prolonged hospital stay) of TTN among components of clinical variables. Results: Of the 236 TTN infants, 111 (47.0%) infants were delivered via cesarean section (CS) without labor, 29 (12.3%) infants were delivered via CS with labor, and 96 (40.7%) were delivered via vaginal birth. Lower Apgar score at 1 min (OR: 3.03; 95%CI: 1.25–7.36) and lower umbilical artery pH (OR: 4.00; 95%CI 1.55–10.49) were associated with a significantly increased risk for mechanical ventilator care. Also, late‐preterm delivery (OR: 4.70; 95%CI: 2.11–10.49) was independently associated with risk of prolonged duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: Late‐preterm delivery, lower initial umbilical artery pH (<7.25), and lower Apgar score at 1 min were independently associated with poor prognostic treatment outcomes in infants with TTN.     

Correlation between transient tachypnea of the newborn and wheezing attack

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns. Although associated with some morbidity, it is generally believed that once TTN resolves, there is no further increased risk for respiratory disease. However, in limited studies frequency of wheezing attacks is found to be increased in patients who had TTN diagnosis during the newborn period, in comparison to patients who had no respiratory problem. Thus, the question arises as to whether TTN is an innocent disease. Methods: This study was done retrospectively. We recorded the demographic characteristics of 103 infants born between 17 October 2003 and 17 October 2004 at Zeynep Kamil Hospital and hospitalized because of TTN in the neonatal intensive care unit. In the second phase, we telephoned the parents of the 103 infants and asked about wheezing attacks. A total of 103 other infants, born during the same period, with no health problems during the newborn period, were included in the study as the control group and the same procedures were applied to them. Results: The rate of wheezing attack among patients with TTN diagnosis was found to be significantly higher than that in patients who had no TTN diagnosis (P < 0.01). TTN was found to be an independent risk factor for wheezing attack (OR, 2.378; 95% CI, 1.20–4.70). Conclusion: In conclusion, we established that TTN is an independent risk factor for wheezing. In addition we also hypothesized that genetic and environmental interactions synergistically predisposed these children for future wheezing.     

Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants

Aim: Transient fluctuations in thyroid function are well recognized in preterm infants. We wanted to assess TSH variation in babies with transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CHT). Methods: Whole bloodspot TSH data in preterm infants (<35 weeks; 2005–2010) were assessed, and infants with bloodspot TSH values >6 mU/L identified. Permanent CHT was defined as a requirement for thyroxine beyond 3 years of age. Results: A first TSH sample was obtained from 5518 infants (median gestational age, 32 w; range, 22–35), with a second sample obtained from 5134 infants (median gestational age, 32 w; range, 22–35). Five infants had raised TSH concentrations on both occasions. Three of the five infants had a serum TSH >80 mU/L on second screen but two came off thyroxine beyond 3 years of age. All preterm babies with permanent or transient hypothyroidism were detected by the first TSH cut‐off of 6 mU/L. Only one infant with a birth weight <1500 g remains on thyroxine treatment beyond 2 years of age. Conclusions: The incidence of permanent CHT in preterm infants is similar to term infants. Profound abnormalities of thyroid function can occur in preterm babies with transient hypothyroidism but both categories of hypothyroidism can be detected by a ‘once‐only’ TSH screening strategy with a relatively low cut‐off.     

Transient tachypnea of the newborn: predictive factor for prolonged tachypnea.

BACKGROUND: Because there is a lack of well-established criteria, the aim of the present paper was to determine risk factors to predict the duration of tachypnea in transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). METHODS: Data from 95 newborns with TTN were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between patients in whom tachypnea lasted <72 h (group 1) or >72 h (group 2). RESULTS: Male gender, prematurity and delivery by cesarean section were the major risk factors for TTN. Parenteral furosemide had no effect on the clinical course. Peak respiratory rate (RRpeak) at the first 36 h was significantly higher in group 2 (P > 0.000). The cut-off for RRpeak during the first 36 h (RRpeak36) was 90/min and RRpeak36 > 90/min caused a 7.04-fold risk of prolonged tachypnea. White blood cell count and hematocrit levels were lower whereas duration of hospitalization and antibiotic treatment were longer in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of RRpeak36 may be useful in predicting clinical course of TTN.