生物反应器微载体Vero细胞罐外消化放大培养对狂犬病病毒CTN-1Ⅴ株产毒能力的影响

目的 探讨微载体Vero细胞从30 L生物反应器经罐外细胞消化放大培养至300 L生物反应器对狂犬病病毒(rabies virus,RABV)CTN-1Ⅴ株产毒能力的影响。方法 将第140代Vero细胞于37℃培养72～120 h后,按1∶4的细胞密度比传代扩增至10层细胞工厂,继续培养72～120 h;将单层致密细胞消化后接种至30 L生物反应器,微载体7～10 g/L,培养温度37℃,pH(7.0～7.4),溶氧30%～80%,搅拌速度10～50 r/min,连续灌流培养72～120 h,共培养3批;微载体Vero细胞经罐外细胞消化后放大培养至300 L生物反应器,微载体5～8 g/L,培养温度37℃,pH(7.0～7.4),溶氧30%～80%,搅拌速度30～80 r/min,灌流培养72～120 h;按MOI=0.05接种RABV CTN-1Ⅴ株,每24 h收获病毒液1次,检测病毒滴度和抗原含量。结果 30 L生物反应器微载体Vero细胞培养96 h后密度约为1×10⁷个/mL;300 L生物反应器微载体Vero细胞培养96 h后密度约为7.4×10     

静脉留置针留置时间与静脉血管的炎症反应相关性研究

目的研究静脉留置针在不同留置时间与静脉血管的炎症反应相关性。方法将种系相同,体重相近的大耳新西兰健康白兔随机分成两组,取其双耳内外侧的耳缘静脉作为实验血管,进行静脉留置针输液,以相同的速度分别输入等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液,每日1次。输毕后用肝素盐水封管,分别保留至72~96h和120~168h后,以一穿刺点为中心取长2cm,宽1cm的活体标本做病理切片,观察静脉血管的病理变化。结果血管周围组织大部均有不同程度的炎症反应。静脉留置针保留72~96h后,血管内中重度炎症发生率24%;静脉留置针保留120~168h后,血管内中重度炎症发生率60%,明显高于保留72~96h的血管。结论建议静脉留置针保留时间应在96h以内。     

甲型流感病毒在贴壁MDCK细胞上增殖条件的优化

目的确定甲型流感病毒在贴壁MDCK细胞上最佳增殖条件。方法将3株甲型流感病毒(H1N1 NYMC X-181、H1N1 NYMC X-275和H3N2 NYMC X-263B)在贴壁MDCK细胞上进行传代培养,以其血凝效价和半数细胞感染剂量(median cell culture infective dose,CCID50)为检测指标,分别对其增殖条件胰酶浓度(0.5、1.25、2.5、3.5和4.5μg/m L)、MOI(0.000 1、0.001、0.01、0.1、1)、培养温度(33、34、35、36、37℃)、吸附时间(0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 h)、培养时间(24、48、72、96、120 h)进行优化。结果 H1N1 NYMC X-181、H1N1 NYMC X-275和H3N2 NYMC X-263B 3株流感病毒在贴壁MDCK细胞上增殖的最适胰酶浓度分别为2.5、1.25、1.25μg/m L;最适MOI值均为0.01;最适培养温度均为34℃;最适吸附时间分别为1.5～2.0、1.5、1.5 h;最适培养时间均为72 h。结论确定了3株甲型流感病毒在贴壁MDCK细胞上的增殖条件,为后续相关疫苗的研发工作奠定了基础。     

N-乙烯基己内酰胺的合成工艺改进与产品纯化

用乙炔作乙烯化剂,高压法合成出标题化合物,最佳工艺条件优化:在放大时最佳的脱水条件是加入溶剂比为1.0∶0.2;在反应温度90～120℃,反应时间8.0～9.0h,压力1.0～2.0MPa;以水作结晶溶剂,水的用量比例最低为1.0∶1.0;用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC/MS)和红外光谱检测表明,简单蒸馏得到w(NVCL)=92%～96%(气相色谱GC)的样品,经进一步精馏分离可得到质量分数99%(GC)以上的NVCL产品。     

Vero细胞无血清培养制备弓形虫排泄-分泌抗原适宜条件的筛选

目的筛选Vero细胞无血清培养制备弓形虫排泄-分泌抗原(ESA)的适宜条件。方法采用拉丁方析因设计。第一部分:在血清浓度为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%的培养基中,共培养Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子,分别于培养3、6、12、24h时,改为无血清培养基,继续培养至第7天,收集培养上清液,制备ESA,并检测蛋白含量。第二部分:在含1.0%血清培养基中共培养Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子,分别于培养12、24、48、72h时,改为无血清培养基,继续培养至第7、9、11、13天,收集培养上清液,制备ESA,并检测蛋白含量。结果Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在1.0%血清浓度培养基中培养12或24h时,无血清培养基继续培养7d,制备的ESA蛋白含量显著高于其他血清浓度(0.5%、2.0%、4.0%)及含血清培养时间(3、6h)。Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在含1.0%血清培养基中共培养12、24h,无血清培养基继续培养至第13天,制备的ESA蛋白含量显著高于其他培养时间(48、72h)和无血清培养基继续培养时间(7、9、11d)。结论培养基的血清浓度以及含血清和无血清培养时间是影响体外制备ESA的重要因素。Vero细胞与弓形虫速殖子在1.0%血清浓度培养基中培养12h,无血清培养基继续培养13d,为制备ESA的适宜条件。     

3种农药助剂对野生食蚊鱼的急性毒性

[目的]探究新型农药助剂LD-10(授权专利号:200810103519.7)与常用农药助剂NP-10、NP-4对热带水域中非靶标生物的影响。[方法]采用半静态法生物测试,以食蚊鱼为受试生物,研究了这3种农药助剂对水中食蚊鱼的急性毒性。[结果]LD-10在24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为28.26、28.26、27.38、26.63 mg/L;NP-10的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为13.13、11.20、11.11、9.65 mg/L;NP-4在24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为2.63、2.40、2.05、2.05 mg/L。[结论]NP-10和NP-4对食蚊鱼96 h的LC50值均大于1 mg/L小于10.0 mg/L,其对食蚊鱼为中等毒性物质;LD-10对食蚊鱼24~96 h的LC50值均大于10.0 mg/L,其对食蚊鱼为低毒物质。     

室内给水管道材质对龙头水水质的影响

采用平板培养方法与电感耦合等离子体(ICP-MS)检测技术,对不同品牌的不锈钢管、不同使用年限的PPR管和钢塑复合管,以及覆塑铜管停留5d内的水质变化情况进行分析,探究管道材质以及使用年限对龙头水水质的影响,提出室内给水管材的选用技术方法.结果 表明,PPR管和不锈钢管对总氯浓度维持效果较好,不锈钢管在低总氯浓度条件下维持效果更好,旧管道在低温环境中维持效果更好.不锈钢和新PPR管中微生物数量生长最缓慢,静置72 h后细菌总数仍能达标;旧PPR管仅在低温条件下可维持72 h;覆塑铜管可维持24 h;钢塑复合管在高总氯浓度下仅新管道可维持24 h,低总氯浓度下可维持不到8h.各管材管道中的Al、Fe和Cu在静置120 h后均未出现超标现象;24 h后不锈钢管和PPR管中出现Mn超标的情况;48 h和72 h后,覆塑铜管与钢塑复合管中分别出现Zn超标.总体上,不锈钢管和PPR管经过72 h后、覆塑铜管经过24 h后、钢塑复合管经过8h后,龙头水建议排放作为杂用水,不建议饮用.管道的新旧对水质影响的差异主要取决于环境温度.     

篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗

目的建立篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。方法利用7.5L篮式生物反应器和片状载体培养Vero细胞,接种乙型脑炎病毒P3V2株毒种,根据葡萄糖的消耗量,分析细胞的生长情况及调节病毒培养时的灌流速度,每24h取样,检测病毒滴度。收获的病毒液经纯化后,制备乙脑灭活疫苗,检测各项指标。结果Vero细胞培养至96h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,细胞密度达峰值;接种病毒后72h,葡萄糖消耗量达高峰,灌流量为7L/d,连续收获7～9d,共可收获(40±5)L病毒液;96h病毒滴度达高峰,为10.0LgLD50/ml;制备的乙型脑炎灭活疫苗各项指标均达到《中国药典》三部(2005版)要求。结论已建立了篮式生物反应器制备Vero细胞乙型脑炎灭活疫苗的工艺。     

小分子聚胺粘土稳定剂EM的合成及评价

以环氧氯丙烷和甲胺为原料合成了小分子聚胺粘土稳定剂EM,用离心法评价了EM的防膨性能。结果表明,当反应时间为6 h、反应温度为60℃、原料摩尔比为1.0∶1时,环氧氯丙烷转化率达到90%。当EM质量浓度为1.0%～2.0%时,防膨率达到72%～86%,能实现有效防膨;当EM质量浓度超过1.5%时,经清水浸渍24 h后,防膨率与原始防膨率相近,而无机盐粘土防膨剂的防膨率衰减到0,表明EM有优异的持久防膨性能;1.0%EM与0.5%NH4Cl复配,防膨率可达91%。     

维持静息细胞周期状态的小鼠肝细胞的分离纯化和原代培养

目的建立维持正常肝细胞静息细胞周期状态的小鼠肝细胞的分离纯化及原代培养方法。方法对传统小鼠肝细胞分离纯化的原位两步胶原酶灌流法进行改良,台盼蓝染色法计数细胞总数并鉴定肝细胞活率;用改良的WME培养基对C57BL/6小鼠肝细胞进行原代培养,经过碘酸雪夫氏染色(Periodic acid-Schiff stain,PAS)和全自动生化分析仪鉴定肝细胞的生物学特性及功能;Western blot法检测分离纯化后的小鼠肝细胞及原代培养24、48、72、96 h小鼠肝细胞的细胞周期蛋白p16、cyclin D1和cyclin A的表达水平。结果分离纯化后可从每只小鼠肝脏稳定获取(3～5)×107个肝细胞,细胞活率达(86.68±2.46)%;原代培养96 h内的小鼠肝细胞能保持合成糖原、白蛋白、尿素的功能;原代培养小鼠肝细胞中,细胞周期蛋白p16、cyclin D1和cyclin A的表达水平与分离纯化的小鼠肝细胞相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明原代培养96 h内的小鼠肝细胞均能维持静息细胞周期状态。结论改良的分离纯化方法能稳定获得高产量、高活率的小鼠肝细胞;改良后的原代培养方法可使肝细胞维持其特异性功能、分化特性及静息细胞周期状态。     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

正反向同时引发ATRP制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子

通过脱醇法在凹凸棒土（ATP）表面接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）实现氨基化（ATP-APTES）,再经酰胺化反应接枝α-溴代异丁酰溴,从而在ATP表面固载ATRP引发基团（ATP-Br）;最后以2,2-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和ATP-Br为双组分引发体系进行正反向同时引发原子转移自由基聚合（SR&NI ATRP）制备ATP接枝聚苯乙烯杂化粒子（ATP@PS）。结果表明AIBN结合ATP-Br引发体系进行SR&NI ATRP具有活性/可控聚合的特征,随催化剂用量增大,体系过早偏离一级动力学行为。聚合温度在80℃,投料比为单体/催化剂/AIBN/ATP-Br=200/0.3/0.05/0.5的条件下,接枝聚合物和游离聚合物分子量差异随转化率（c）增大逐渐增加,转化率为31.1%时,两者分子量分布（PDI）均保持在1.54以下,ATP-Br表面ATRP引发基团的引发效率为6.3%。杂化粒子在PS基体中分散得到明显改善。     

Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent or Delay Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the Knee Joint with a Focus on Sustained Delivery Approaches

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of knee PTOA after knee trauma. While a comprehensive therapy capable of preventing or delaying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression after knee joint injury does not yet clinically exist, current literature suggests that certain aspects of early post-traumatic pathology of the knee joint may be prevented or delayed by anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions. We discuss multifaceted therapeutic approaches that may be capable of effectively reducing the continuous cycle of inflammation and concomitant processes that lead to cartilage degradation as well as those that can simultaneously promote intrinsic repair processes. Within this context, we focus on early disease prevention, the optimal timeframe of treatment and possible long-lasting sustained delivery local modes of treatments that could prevent knee joint-associated PTOA symptoms. Specifically, we identify anti-inflammatory candidates that are not only anti-inflammatory but also anti-degenerative, anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative.     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

苯酚/丙酮市场供需现状与展望

分析了世界和我国苯酚／丙酮供需现状及消费结构,对未来供需进行了预测,提出了发展我国苯酚／丙酮装置的具体建议。     

Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms Underlying MK-801- or Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Animals: Mechanistic Studies

MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, and scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor blocker, are widely used as tool compounds to induce learning and memory deficits in animal models to study schizophrenia or Alzheimer-type dementia (AD), respectively. Memory impairments are observed after either acute or chronic administration of either compound. The present experiments were performed to study the nitric oxide (NO)-related mechanisms underlying memory dysfunction induced by acute or chronic (14 days) administration of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of L-arginine and its derivatives, L-citrulline, L-glutamate, L-glutamine and L-ornithine, were measured. The expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthases (cNOS), dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH1) and protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PMRTs) 1 and 5 was evaluated, and the impact of the studied tool compounds on cGMP production and NMDA receptors was measured. The studies were performed in both the cortex and hippocampus of mice. S-nitrosylation of selected proteins, such as GLT-1, APP and tau, was also investigated. Our results indicate that the availability of L-arginine decreased after chronic administration of MK-801 or scopolamine, as both the amino acid itself as well as its level in proportion to its derivatives (SDMA and NMMA) were decreased. Additionally, among all three methylamines, SDMA was the most abundant in the brain (~70%). Administration of either compound impaired eNOS-derived NO production, increasing the monomer levels, and had no significant impact on nNOS. Both compounds elevated DDAH1 expression, and slight decreases in PMRT1 and PMRT5 in the cortex after scopolamine (acute) and MK-801 (chronic) administration were observed in the PFC, respectively. Administration of MK-801 induced a decrease in the cGMP level in the hippocampus, accompanied by decreased NMDA expression, while increased cGMP production and decreased NMDA receptor expression were observed after scopolamine administration. Chronic MK-801 and scopolamine administration affected S-nitrosylation of GLT-1 transport protein. Our results indicate that the analyzed tool compounds used in pharmacological models of schizophrenia or AD induce changes in NO-related pathways in the brain structures involved in cognition. To some extent, the changes resemble those observed in human samples.     

Dextran sulfate sodium inhibits alanine synthesis in caco-2 cells

To understand and characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) has been used to induce acute and chronic colitis in animal models by causing intestinal epithelium damage. The mechanism of action of DSS in producing this outcome is not well understood. In an effort to understand how DSS might impact epithelial cell metabolism, we studied the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 incubated with 1% DSS over 56 hours using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. We observed no difference in cell viability as compared to control cultures, and an approximately 1.5-fold increase in IL-6 production upon incubation with 1% DSS. The effect on Caco-2 cell metabolism as measured through changes in the concentration of metabolites in the cell supernatant included a three-fold decrease in the concentration of alanine. Given that the concentrations of other amino acids in the cell culture supernatant were not different between treated and control cultures over 56 hours suggest that DSS inhibits alanine synthesis, specifically alanine aminotransferase, without affecting other key metabolic pathways. The importance of alanine aminotransferase in inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

Glutamate and GABA in Microglia-Neuron Cross-Talk in Alzheimer’s Disease

The physiological balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain is significantly affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several neuroactive compounds and their signaling pathways through various types of receptors are crucial in brain homeostasis, among them glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Activation of microglial receptors regulates the immunological response of these cells, which in AD could be neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The novel research approaches revealed the complexity of microglial function, including the interplay with other cells during neuroinflammation and in the AD brain. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of several proteins and multiple receptors on microglia and neurons, and their involvement in a communication network between cells that could lead to different metabolic loops and cell death/survival. Our review is focused on the role of glutamatergic, GABAergic signaling in microglia–neuronal cross-talk in AD and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the significance of AD-related neurotoxic proteins in glutamate/GABA-mediated dialogue between microglia and neurons was analyzed in search of novel targets in neuroprotection, and advanced pharmacological approaches.