超高铬铸铁的研究现状与前瞻

综述含铬量超过30％的高铬铸铁的组织、性能和应用情况,简述了超高铬铸铁的研究应用前景。亚共晶超高铬铸铁组织由M23C6型铬碳化物和具有铬的正电极电位的高铬铁素体组成,具有良好的抗腐蚀磨损性能。过共晶超高铬铸铁组织为硬度高的M7C3型铬碳化物和马氏体、残余奥氏体基体,具有优良的承受苛刻条件下低角度冲击腐蚀磨损与高温磨损性能。     

钒钛硼变质高铬铸铁的研究

采用V、Ti、B变质处理26Cr高铬铸铁,研究了细化晶粒,改善共晶碳化物形貌与分布,以及获得高含铬量马氏体基体的热处理方法。该方法显著提高了26Cr高铬铸铁的抗冲击和抗腐蚀磨损能力。     

高铬白口铸铁中碳当量对抗磨性能的影响

高铬白口铸铁的共晶显微组织与普通白口铸铁的共晶组织不同,其中不连续的条块状共晶铁、铬碳化物M7C3占25%左右,与富铬的二次碳化物位于金属基体奥氏体或其转变产物中,而后者的M3C碳化物能占到48%,可看作渗硫体基体或海锦状渗碳体,里面镶嵌奥氏体转变产物,所以共晶型高铬白口铸铁的韧性比普通共晶型白口铸铁好,共晶组织中碳化物的短小空间对共晶奥氏体基体起到良好的保护作用,在高应力磨料磨损条件下,过共晶高铬白口铸铁中的大块状初生M7C3碳化物能很好地抵抗磨粒对抗磨件施加的法向压力和切向剪切力,不易断裂,故而抗磨性能较好.     

含碳量对过共晶高铬铸铁显微组织与耐磨性的影响

通过显微组织观察、图像分析仪定量金相测定,力学性能测试,低应力湿态磨料磨损试验,研究了碳对含33.5%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁的影响。结果表明,过共晶高铬铸铁显微组织主要特征是含有较大尺寸的六边形和杆状M7C3型初生碳化物。并且随着含C量的升高,过共晶高铬铸铁组织中的初生碳化物逐渐变得粗大,初生碳化物和碳化物总体积分数增加。随着含碳量的增加,过共晶高铬铸铁硬度逐渐升高。含4.80%C的高铬铸铁硬度最高,达到HRC65.5。但随着含碳量的增加,高铬铸铁的冲击韧度逐渐下降。在40 N、70 N、100 N载荷下,随着含C量的增加,过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨损性能提高。在40 N、70 N和100 N载荷下,含4.80%C的高铬铸铁的耐磨性分别比含3.86%C的高铬铸铁提高了26.1%、24.5%和24.1%。在含碳量相同的情况下,重载荷下高铬铸铁的耐磨性能下降。随着载荷的增加,高含碳量高铬铸铁的耐磨性优势逐渐下降。与含23%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁相比,含C量分别为3.86%、4.13%、4.65%和4.80%的含33.5%Cr的过共晶高铬铸铁耐磨性分别提高了42.9%、52.0%、54.6%、56.6%。     

Fe-C-B合金耐磨性能的研究

在MLD-10型冲击磨料磨损试验机上,对现今广泛使用的高铬铸铁和正在研究的Fe-C-B合金,在相同的冲击功条件下,就其耐磨性进行了对比试验。通过测定相同工况下材料的失重,分析两种材料的抗冲击磨损性能,并对试验过程中Fe-C-B合金试样表现出来的脆性、磨损面的形貌进行了讨论。结果表明:成分一定的Fe-C-B合金其耐磨性与亚共晶高铬铸铁相当,与过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨性接近;磨损表面主要有塑性犁沟、显微切削等不同的磨损方式。     

高应力冲击磨料磨损时高铬铸铁成分及组织的选择

高应力冲击磨料磨损时，高铬白口铸铁应选共晶成分。细小的共晶碳化物之间的空间，能够对基体产生良好的保护。基体应是马氏体，它能抵抗冲击，变形小。     

铌含量对Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

采用金相试验、X射线衍射、硬度测试和磨料磨损试验研究了不含铌和含0.5、1.0%Nb(质量分数)的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的铸态组织和性能。结果表明,添加Nb元素能有效细化Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的铸态组织,随着铌含量的增加,初生碳化物M_7C_3从粗大的杆条状转变细小、弥散分布的多边形块状,共晶碳化物从细长条状转变为弥散分布的点状。添加铌的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的硬度并未明显提高,含铌量为1.0%的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的硬度比不含铌的仅提高了约6%。然而,铌的加入显著地提高了Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的耐磨性,含Nb量为1.0%的Cr20过共晶高铬铸铁的磨损量比不含Nb的减少了约21%。     

离心铸造复合辊套用高铬铸铁的组织及性能研究

根据复合辊套的生产和使用要求,研究了3种成分的高铬铸铁通过金属型铸造后的组织和性能。结果表明,金属型铸造的Cr20高铬铸铁其铸态组织由枝晶奥氏体、共晶奥氏体和共晶碳化物组成;具有较好的韧性,并且有一定的耐蚀性和良好的耐磨性;铸态硬度达到HRC55左右。Cr20高铬铸铁能满足轧辊的生产和湿摩擦条件下的使用要求。     

扰动和孕育对过共晶高铬铸铁铸态组织的影响

对4．0％C-20．O％Cr过共晶高铬铸铁进行了温度扰动、温度扰动和孕育的复合处理。并用Lieca像分析仪和光学显微镜对组织进行分析研究,结果表明：温度扰动处理显著细化初生碳化物,温度扰动和孕育复合处理的细化效果最好。并对温度扰动和孕育细化过共晶高铬铸铁的机理进行了分析。     

含Ti/W过共晶高铬铸铁高温磨料磨损性能研究

研究了含Ti和W过共晶高铬铸铁(25.0 wt.%Cr,3.5 wt.%C)高温磨料磨损性能和磨损机理。结果表明,加入Ti后,过共晶高铬铸铁抵抗高温磨料磨损能力提高;在相同的温度下,Ti含量越高,高铬铸铁磨损失重量越小;同时加入Ti和W后,高铬铸铁试样磨损量最小,耐磨性能最好。含Ti/W过共晶高铬铸铁的高温磨料磨损机理主要包括磨料磨损机理、疲劳断裂机理、粘着磨损机理等。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.