滇东早泥盆世星骨鱼科(Asterosteidae)化石的发现

<正> 目前,泥盆纪星骨鱼科化石除非洲和南极地区尚未发现外,世界其它各地均有发现,但化石产地并不多.其时代从早泥盆世一直延续到晚泥盆世早期,多数出现在早—中泥盆世.所有化石全部产于海相地层.据现有资料统计,已经发现和描述的只有5个属,即 Asterosteus, Gemuendina, Jagorina, Ohioaspis, Bolivosteus,分布在德国(早泥盆世),美国(中泥盆世),加拿大(中泥盆世),澳大利亚(早一中泥盆世),土耳其(中泥盆世)和玻利维亚(中泥盆世).     

贵州睦化泥盆系—石炭系界线剖面的鱼类微化石

本文记述了贵州睦化泥盆系—石炭系界线上、下两个层位中所发现的7个属种的软骨鱼类、棘鱼类的牙齿和鳞片等微化石,建立了代化瓣齿鲨 (Petalodus daihuaensis, sp. nov.) 和贵州棘鱼 (Acanthodes guizhouensis, sp. nov.) 两个新种.通过研究,划分出两个鱼类微化石组合: 1.上泥盆统顶部(法门阶)以 Phoebotus politus 为代表的鲨类化石组合; 2.下石炭统底部(杜内阶早期)贵州棘鱼化石组合.睦化剖面根据牙形石的研究,泥盆系—石炭系的界线在 Siphonodelle praesuleata 化石带和 S. sulcata 化石带之间.本文记述的鲨类化石组合发现在睦化剖面代化组的最顶部 (GM1120, 1211), 相当于 Siphonodelle praesulcata 化石带;贵州棘鱼发现于格董关层 (GM1124), 在界线之上.在睦化,以及在其他各地, Phoebodus 和 Harpagodens Fero 这样的鲨类皆发现于晚泥盆世.而 Acanthodes 属则从 Siphonodelle sulcata 带起才出现,未发现于更老的地层中.因此 Acanthodes 属的最早出现可能也是石炭系底界的标志.     

新疆中天山汗吉尕组Helenifore robustum放射虫动物群及其年代地层学意义

汗吉尕组是新疆中天山温泉小区中泥盆统的一个地层单元,为海相碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩沉积。过去在灰岩团块和灰岩砾石中发现较为丰富的中泥盆世珊瑚和腕足类化石。这次,我们在该组上部地层硅质岩透镜体中首次发现晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫Helenifore robustum动物群。对于温泉地区该组地层的时代归属,我们认为:由于已发现的中泥盆世珊瑚、腕足类化石主要产于灰岩砾石或外来块体中,因此,这些化石的时代并不代表该组形成的时代;而产于硅质岩透镜体中的晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫化石很可能代表该组的年代。全文共描述放射虫5属11种,归属3目4科。     

新疆南天山中泥盆世泡沫轴珊瑚属(Aphraxonia)一新种

描述泡沫轴珊瑚属一新种———Aphraxoniawuqiaensissp .nov .,标本产于沿新疆南天山地区乌恰县托帕 吐乐尕特山口公路边的中泥盆统托格买提组。泡沫珊瑚属过去仅在土耳其Anatolia地区和我国湖南株州地区发现 ,目前在新疆中泥盆统的发现 ,不仅丰富了该属的化石种资料 ,同时也表明在中晚泥盆世南天山地区可能与土耳其Anatolia地区和华南地区存在密切的生物地理区联系。通过与该属已知 2个种特征和产出时代的对比 ,看出从中泥盆世Givetian期到晚泥盆世 ,可能存在从A .zhuzhouensis→A .wuqiaensissp .nov→A .taurensis的演化谱系和由华南→新疆南天山→土耳其的迁移路线。其演化趋势体现为 :1 )一级隔壁数目逐渐减少 ;2 )隔壁由中部加厚→边缘加厚 ;3)主、对隔壁分离 ,对隔壁伸过中心形成轴端微膨胀板状中轴→轴端膨胀明显的板状中轴→主、对隔壁在中心交汇形成轴端膨胀中轴 ;4 )一级隔壁不达中轴→与中轴相交。     

安徽含山上泥盆统叶肢介化石

国内晚泥盆世的叶肢介,曾在湖南长沙岳麓山上泥盆统岳麓组上部产Lioestheria yuelu-shanensis Zhang,在南京附近龙潭擂鼓台上泥盆统五通组顶部也发现一层叶肢介化石,仅有Lioestheria longtanensis Zhang一种,总的来说,晚泥盆世叶肢介化石发现较少。本文所描述的材料,是含山县清溪煤矿井口矸石堆的黑色含炭质粉砂质页岩中采集的。为查明其确切的层位,实测了主井井壁剖面,现     

斜方薄皮木茎干内部构造在新疆上泥盆统的首次发现

一、前言斜方薄皮木(Leptophloeum rhombicum Dawson)是加拿大地质古植物学者Dawson于1862年根据产自美国缅因州佩里(Perry)盆地上泥盆统的鳞木类茎干印痕所建立。它是一种广泛分布于世界晚泥盆世地层的重要植物化石(李星学等,1986)。其中以我国发现的数量最多,分布也最广,几乎晚泥盆世陆相地层出露之     

从底栖生物化石再释贵州独山泥盆系龙洞水段的时代

贵州独山的猴儿山组龙洞水段是一套浅海相碳酸盐沉积,盛产底栖牛物化石.通过对该段地层中所含四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚和腕足类等化石属种的详尽分析,再次证实龙洞水段的地质时代仍应属中泥盆世早期(Eifelian).而不是像某些根据痕迹化石或层序地层学的研究那样将它置于下泥盆统.     

大瓣鱼科─新属与历史动物地理学研究

描述了采自云南曲靖龙华山下泥盆统徐家冲组顶部的一件大瓣鱼科化石,定名为龙华全瓣鱼（Hoopetalichthyslonghuaensisgen.etsp.nov.）。对新属种与其它瓣甲鱼类的比较表明全瓣鱼是最原始的大瓣鱼类,它与其余的大瓣鱼类构成姊妹群。通过对大瓣鱼科的历史动物地理学研究认为,瓣甲鱼目起源于华南,而大瓣鱼科的祖先几乎是广布的。大瓣鱼科隔离分化模式显示,在泥盆纪期间,华南区与东冈瓦纳区有较密切的联系     

中南地区白垩纪淡水瓣鳃类

本文初步总结了中南地区已发现的白垩纪淡水瓣鳃类化石8属28种的分布情况,并记述了6种晚白垩世瓣鳃类化石;褶珠蚌、假嬉蚌各3种,其中有3个新种。褶珠蚌的3个种是这个属目前已被发现的18种中,产出层位最高的种。     

海南岛晚泥盆世—早石炭世牙形刺

作者描述了海南岛昌江县石碌地区昌江组首次发现的牙形刺Palmatolepis gracilis gracilis Bransonet Me-hl,P.gracilis sigmoidalis Ziegler,Polygnathus ansatus Ziegleret Klapper,Polynodosus germanus(UlrichetBassler),Neopolygnathus dentatus(Druce)等和白沙县金波地区南好组第二段的Siphonodella levis(Ni),Polygnathus cf. inornatus Branson等,共8属20种,并据此将含化石地层分别确定为晚泥盆世法门期和早石炭世杜内期早期。指出以往认为是中泥盆统吉维特阶带化石Polygnathus ansatus Ziegleret Klapper与法门期牙形刺化石共同出现于昌江组并非构造混杂所致,但并不排除可能是化石再沉积作用的原因。同意将Polynodosus属从Polygnathus属中分离出来,在我国首次采用Polynodosus。     

节甲鱼的一内颅化石

本文记述了广西六景的一长胸节甲类的内颅化石,并和我国已记述的Szuaspis yunnanensis、Kueichowlepis sinensis的内颅作了形态比较,讨论了它们之间的系统关系。     

A trigonotarbid arachnid from the Lower Devonian of Tredomen, Wales

A new trigonotarbid (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida) Arianrhoda bennetti gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of a quarry near Tredomen, Powys, mid Wales, UK. This relatively complete specimen is the first record of a pre-Carboniferous arachnid from Wales, one of only a handful of early Devonian arachnids, and the second oldest trigonotarbid recorded. Based on the rounded prosomal dorsal shield and the relatively narrow, elongate opisthosoma we refer this new fossil to the family Anthracosironidae. A distinct flange-like ornament on the leg 4 tibia in the new fossil is unique among trigonotarbids and is the primary autapomorphy for the new genus.     

黑龙江密山—宝清早泥盆世盾皮鱼类化石

<正>１９９３年,原地矿部沈阳地质矿产研究所苏养正先生将其在黑龙江省东北部密山及宝清下黑台组中采到的５件泥盆纪鱼化石送交王士涛鉴定。经过修理和观察后认为,这些骨片属于盾皮鱼类(Ｐｌａｃｏｄｅｒｍｓ)。这是迄今为止在东北地槽区内首次发现的泥盆纪鱼类化石,具有重要的生物地层学及古动物地理学意义。     

广西早泥盆世节甲鱼类及胴甲鱼类化石及华南早泥盆世脊椎动物生物地层对比

描述了早泥盆世的3个属种,其中节甲鱼类Yujiangolepisliujingensisgen．etsp.nov.采自广西六景,Buchanosteussp．及胴甲鱼类？Chuchinolepissp.采自广西玉林。该3件标本均产自海相地层中,与海相无脊椎动物化石共生。还讨论了华南区几个主要产脊椎动物化石（包括脊椎动物微体化石）剖面的生物地层对比。     

On the Emsian (Lower Devonian) arthropods of the Rhenish Schiefergebirge: 1.Xenarachne, an enigmatic arachnid from Willwerath, Germany

A new fossil arachnid,Xenarachne willwerathensis n. gen., n. sp. is described from the Lower Devonian (upper Lower Emsian) Klerf-beds of Willwerath, Germany. This intriguing fossil has a pedicel and pygidium, indicating that it belongs to the tetrapulmonate arachnids, but cannot be referred with confidence to any particular order. It is placed as Tetrapulmonata incertae sedis, though has similarities to whip spiders (Amblypygi) and spiders (Araneae).Xenarachne could even represent a very early spider, though the Devonian arachnid fauna could have included taxa which did not belong in any currently recognised order.Xenarachne may be an example of just such a fossil.     

中国泥盆纪含鱼化石地层的世界对比

简要回顾泥盆纪含鱼化石地层分层的进展及现状,总结中国泥盆纪含鱼化石地层的层位,横向地比较了主要鱼化石的系统关系,再结合具体的地质历史背景,对比世界有关的地层。     

A scratch circle origin for the medusoid fossil Kullingia

Kullingia is considered a key taxon in demonstrating the presence of terminal Proterozoic-early Cambrian chondrophorine hydrozoans. However, Kullingia concentrica from the Lower Cambrian of northern Sweden possesses several features that show that it is not a body fossil but that it was formed by current or wave-induced rotation of an anchored tubular organism, possibly a sabelliditid. A scratch circle interpretation applies also to several other reports of Lower Cambrian Kullingia , including Kullingia delicata from the Chapel Island Formation of Newfoundland. Given the considerable number of problematic fossils that have been interpreted as chondrophorines, it is difficult to put an age on the oldest fossil chondrophorines, but it may be as late as the Devonian. Overall, scratch circles appear to be rarely preserved. The occurrence of these scratch circles in Lower Paleozoic storm deposits is probably related to low levels of bioturbation that enhanced both the likelihood of formation and preservation of these structures.     

Considérations paléobiogéographiques sur les Streptelasmatina (Coelenterata,Rugosa) solitaires du Dévonien des monts Cantabriques (NW de l'Espagne)

The study of numerous fossil solitary forms ofStreptelasmatina (Coelenterata, Rugosa) and some ones belonging to different suborders from the Devonian of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), shows the importance of such organisms concerning the relations among the major faunal provinces during the Devonian time.The analysis of the Devonian Rugose coral fauna(from Emsian to Frasnian) lets to establish the paleobiogeographical relations of the Cantabrian genera. Particularly, during the Lower Devonian (Emsian) the relationships between the Eastern of North America and Spain would be closer than it was supposed until now.The evidence on the world distribution of thestudied forms suggest possible migration roads.     

A palm fossil closely related to Chamaerops humilis L. from the Lower Miocene of Sardinia

Abstract

This paper deals with the anatomical and histological study of a silicified specimen of a palm consisting of a part of the trunk surrounded by roots. The sample comes from the Lower Miocene of North West Sardinia. The comparison with fossil species and exsting species leads to the conclusion that the specimen belongs to a new fossil species closely related to Chamaerops humilis L., widespread throughout the Mediterranean area. Paleo-environmental considerations confirm the presence in Sardinia, in the epoch in question, of formations of Mediterranean forest corresponding in part to forest existing in North Africa today.