极高血糖的高渗性非酮症高血糖昏迷8例临床分析

目的:分析极高血糖的老年高渗性非酮症高血糖昏迷的临床特点、治疗效果.方法:回顾分析8例血糖在70mmol/L以上的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷的诊治情况,并与血糖在33.3~66.6mmol/L的老年高渗性非酮症高血糖昏迷23例患者对照,比较两组治疗后的血糖变化、胰岛素用量及病死率等.结果:观察组治疗48h后血糖下降无显著性(P>0.05),平均每日胰岛素用量为(230±18)u,对照组为(80±7)u,P<0.01,病死率为87.5%(对照组为34.8%,P<0.01).结论:入院时血糖严重升高的老年高渗性非酮症高血糖昏迷患者发病率低、病死率极高,需早期救治.     

严重高血糖的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷22例临床分析

目的 探讨严重高血糖的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷的临床特点.方法 回顾分析一组血糖在70 mmol/L以上的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷病历情况,并与血糖在33.3～55.5 mmol/L的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷对照,比较两组治疗后的血糖变化、胰岛素用量及病死率等.结果 观察组治疗48 h后血糖下降无显著性(P＞0.05),平均每日胰岛素用量为(780±38)u,对照组为(162±12)u,P＜0.01,病死率为86.4%(对照组为25.7%,P＜0.01).结论 入院时血糖严重升高的老年糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷患者治疗难度大,预后差,病死率高.     

高血糖对老年急性心肌梗死患者临床和预后的影响

目的：观察血糖升高对老年急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者临床和预后的影响。方法：选取老年AMI患者223例，根据入院第一次随机血糖分为3组，A组〈7．8mmol／L，B组7．8～11．0mmol／L，C组≥11．0mmol／L。A组为血糖正常组，B、C组为血糖升高组。结果：入院随机血糖高的患者，平均年龄较大[（68．8±7．5）岁比（71．6±7．3）岁、（74．3±7．1）岁，P〈0．05]，C组与A组相比血甘油三酯[（1．57±0．83）mmol／L比（1．31±0．63）mmol／L，P〈0．051、尿酸[（360．2±172．3）μmmol／L比（273±86．3）μmmol／L，P〈0．05]、肌酐[（125．2±90．5）μmmol／L比（85．7±23．6）μmmol／L，P〈0．05]浓度较高。与A组比较，B、C组复合壁心肌梗死多见（38．9％比59．7％、66．7％，P〈0．05）。C组与A组相比左室射血分数[（43．5±6．37）％比（58．5±8．36）％，P〈0．05]较低。与A组比较，B、c组患者溶栓再通率低（54．8％比40．6％、28．6％，P〈0．05），冠脉造影提示多支血管病变多见（51．6％比73．7％、69．2％，P〈0．05），C组比A组并发心力衰竭多见（35．4％比15．9％，P〈0．05），住院病死率（20．8％比4．5％．P〈0．05）增加。结论：老年A加患者入院随机帆糖升高．提示病情蘑、梗死面积大、并发症多、预后蓁及病死率高。     

胰岛素泵治疗应激高血糖疗效观察

目的探讨应用胰岛素泵输注胰岛素治疗应激高血糖的临床疗效。方法以病人自愿原则随机分为胰岛素持续皮下输注（CSII）组25例和胰岛素多次皮下注射（MSII）组25例,应用诺和灵R、诺和灵N和成人胰岛素,由诺和公司提供,监测空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、血糖达标天数、胰岛素剂量和低血糖发生次数。结果CSII组治疗后空腹血糖（6.0±0.6）mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖（8.0±1.5）mmol/L,血糖达标天数（4.2±1.8）d,胰岛素用量（26.0±1.3）IU/d。与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论胰岛素泵输注胰岛素是理想的胰岛素治疗方案,使应激高血糖达到良好的血糖控制,急性心脑血管疾病获得更好的预后。     

高血糖高渗状态的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨静脉点滴胰岛素在治疗糖尿病高血糖高渗状态中的应用价值，为临床采取合理治疗方式提供参考。方法：回顾性分析我院于2010年7月-2013年7月期间收治的34例糖尿病高血糖高渗状态患者，根据入院时的状态将其分为昏迷组和非昏迷组，昏迷组15例，非昏迷组19例。两组患者均给予持续静脉点滴胰岛素治疗，昏迷组患者则要先进行积极抢救，改善患者高渗和脱水状态。对比分析两组患者的胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间和有效血浆渗透压等。结果：两组患者的胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间和不同时期的有效血浆渗透压等均未见显著差异，无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：静脉点滴胰岛素治疗糖尿病高血糖高渗状态，无论患者是昏迷还是非昏迷，都有着显著效果，且操作简单、安全性高，值得在临床上推广应用。     

胰岛素泵在老年糖尿病酮症治疗中的临床应用

目的：比较短期胰岛素泵连续皮下胰岛素输注（CSⅡ）和静脉连续胰岛素输注（CVⅡ）在老年糖尿病酮症治疗中的效果及安全性。方法：120例老年糖尿病酮症患者分为两组,CSⅡ组和CVⅡ组各60例。结果：CSⅡ组血糖达标时间（7．82&#177;2．60）d明显少于CVⅡ组（9．88＋1．80）d、β-羟丁酸恢复正常时间（23．0&#177;4．3）h较CVⅡ组（32．5&#177;5．4）h有明显缩短,胰岛素用量（44．6&#177;5．8）U／d明显少于CVⅡ组（56．1&#177;6．8）U／d、低血糖发生率（0．65&#177;0．38）次,例较CVⅡ组（1．42&#177;0．45）次／例有明显差别;3个月后糖化血红蛋白和胰岛素用量差异仍有显著性。结论：CSⅡ能更快、更有效、更安全地控制血糖,纠正代谢紊乱,且具有较好的中长期效果。     

糖化血清蛋白检测168例分析

目的探讨糖化血清蛋白（GSP）检测在应激性高血糖以及糖尿病患者中的临床价值及意义。方法对我院住院患者中测得高血糖者以及糖尿病患者进行GSP测定,并追踪血糖状态最终诊断,对于GSP低于正常者加测多时间段血糖,进行临床分析。结果糖尿病高血糖者GSP（3.52&#177;0.26）mmol／L,应激性高血糖者GSP（2.36&#177;0．32）mmol／L,糖尿病低血糖者GSP（0．96&#177;0．36）mmol／L,经t检验,应激性高血糖者与糖尿病高血糖GSP有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论GSP可以做为应激性高血糖与糖尿病高血糖鉴别诊断的简单、有效的方法推广应用。GSP检测有利于发现夜间及无症状低血糖,有利于糖尿病持续、稳定、安全达标。     

手术干预糖尿病大鼠的实验研究

目的探讨Roux—en—Y胃转流术（GBP）对2型非肥胖型糖尿病鼠的降糖作用及Roux—en—Y胃转流术（GBP）对正常鼠血糖有无影响。方法雄性Wister大鼠随机分为四组,空白组（1组）、手术组（2组）、造模组（3组）、造模＋手术组（4组）,每组10只,测定术前,术后48小时,一周,八周的空腹血糖值,胰岛素值的变化。结果4组手术后一周空腹血糖值由（17．50&#177;0．82）mmol／L下降到（11．08&#177;0．60）mmol／L（P值〈0．01）。空腹胰岛素值由（28．95&#177;3．99）mIU／L升高到（33．83&#177;5．61）mIU/L（P〈0．05）至实验结束血糖无反弹。2组手术前后血糖值无明显变化。结论GBP能显著降低STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的血糖值,对正常鼠血糖无影响。     

两种胰岛素治疗方案对2型糖尿病患者血糖波动性的影响

目的观察预混人胰岛素30R与门冬胰岛素联合甘精胰岛素两种治疗方案对2型糖尿病患者血糖波动性的影响。方法40例初诊的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者（空腹血糖〉11．1mmol／L,HbAlc〉9．0％）,按1：1随机分为A、B两组,A组给予预混人胰岛素30R（诺和灵30R）,B组给予门冬胰岛素（诺和锐）和甘精胰岛素（来得时）进行治疗。以空腹及餐后2h指尖毛细血管血糖分别小于7．0mmol／L和10．0mmol／L为目标,用动态血糖检测仪监测患者血糖水平,计算全天血糖水平的标准差（SDBG）,平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）以及空腹血糖变异系数（CV—FBG）作为反映血糖波动指数。结果治疗后B组SDBG、MAGE和CV—FBG三个指标均低于A组[SDBG：（1．48&#177;0．41）vs（1．75&#177;0．43）mmol／L;MAGE：（3．24&#177;0．75）vs（3．86&#177;1．02）mmol／L;CV—FBG：（16．35&#177;2．34）vs（19．43&#177;3．25）,均P〈0．05],同时B组低血糖发生次数也低于A组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论与诺和灵30R相比,联合应用门冬胰岛索和甘精胰岛素治疗方案更有利于血糖平稳。     

重组甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效观察

目的观察重组甘精胰岛素（长秀霖）联合那格列奈治疗继发性磺脲类药物失效的2型糖尿病患者的疗效。方法选取32例继发性磺脲类药物失效的糖尿病患者,给予重组甘精胰岛素每晚睡前8小时1次皮下注射,调整剂量（12～26u）使空腹血糖控制在5．0～6．5mmol／L。同时联合那格列奈,调整剂量是使餐后血糖控制在6．0—8．0mmol／L,那格列奈每餐30—60mg,治疗3个月,观察患者空腹血糖及餐后2h血糖、HbAlc及BMI变化。结果治疗3个月后与治疗前相比患者空腹血糖[（5．1&#177;1．3）mmol／Lvs（12．3&#177;4．2）mmol／L]。餐后2h血糖[（8．2&#177;3．8）mmol／Lvs（17．5&#177;6．1）mmol／L],HbAlc[（7．3&#177;1．1）％vs（11．6&#177;1．3）％],均明显下降（P〈0．01）。BMI[（25．8&#177;4．1）ks／m^2 vs （25．6&#177;3．5）kg／m^2],无统计学意义。结论重组甘精胰岛素联合那格列奈对控制继发性磺脲类药物失效的2型糖尿病患者血糖有较好的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.