经肛肠梗阻导管治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病的临床研究

目的评价经肛门置入的肠梗阻导管在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻治疗中的作用。方法2004年12月～2006年6月，11例急性左半结肠恶性梗阻在结肠镜和x线辅助下经肛门将肠梗阻导管置入梗阻部位的近端肠管进行减压，观察症状缓解情况、腹围、腹腔内压力、立卧位腹平片等的变化，评定其减压效果。结果经3—5天肠梗阻导管减压，11例急性肠梗阻症状均缓解，其中7例可切除的乙状结肠癌／直肠癌均限期行腹腔镜／开腹一期切除和吻合，术后随访1—18个月，中位数11个月，未见吻合口漏等并发症。结论经肛门肠梗阻导管用于治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效。     

左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合术治疗体会

目的探讨一期手术切除吻合治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科手术方法。方法回顾性分析我院自2005年1月至2010年10月共收治左半结肠癌引起的急性肠梗阻患者施行一期切除吻合术36例的临床资料。结果本组患者无术后吻合口漏、腹腔感染等并发症发生,切口液化感染7例,肺部感染2例,无围手术期死亡。结论严格掌握手术适应证,重视对结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的认识,正确掌握手术时机,术中有效肠道减压,正确的吻合技术及作好围手术期的处理,一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻是可行的。     

左半结肠癌并发完全梗阻术式的探讨

本文介绍的２４例左半结肠癌伴急性完全性结肠梗阻均通过术中结肠减压和灌洗，严格的无菌操作，良好的吻合对合，术毕扩肛以松驰肛门括约肌等措施，进行一期肿瘤切除和一期结肠吻合，术后无吻合口瘘，无切口感染和腹腔感染，故认为不失为一种既切除肿瘤又解除梗阻的可行性手术方法。     

结肠癌急性肠梗阻31例诊治体会

目的　总结 31例结肠癌并急性肠梗阻的诊断、治疗经验。方法　对结肠癌并急性肠梗阻的诊断、手术治疗的术前准备、手术时机、手术方式选择进行分析。结果　本组术前能确诊为结肠癌的 15例全部依靠钡剂灌肠。右半结肠癌 7例 ,左半结肠癌 15例行一期切除吻合 ,术后均无吻合口漏 ;右半结肠癌 2例 ,左半结肠癌5例行一期切除近侧结肠造瘘。本组死亡 3例。结论　钡剂灌肠检查是结肠癌急性梗阻病因诊断唯一有效的辅助检查方法。只要患者一般情况好 ,中毒症状轻 ,均应争取一期切除吻合。术中结肠减压及灌洗是左半结肠癌安全进行结肠一期切除吻合的重要措施     

结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析1993年7月至2003年7月间297例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果 右半结肠癌并梗阻103例，左半结肠癌和直肠癌并梗阻194例。其中一期切除吻合126例(右半结肠一期切除吻合98例，左半结直肠一期切除吻合28例)，全结肠切除或次全切除吻合者108例，Hartmann手术36例，Dixon手术9例，回乙状结肠或回直肠吻合捷径11例，肿瘤近端肠管造瘘7例。术后出现并发症53例(17．8％)，为切口感染、腹腔感染和肠瘘；死亡17例；280例(94．3％)痊愈出院。结论 一期切除吻合和结肠次全切除及全切除吻合手术治疗结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻，是方便可行而安全有效的。     

结肠癌合并急性肠梗阻:附56例报告

摘要：为探讨结肠癌并急性肠梗阻的外科处理原则。笔者回顾性分析结肠癌并急性肠梗阻56例临床资料。结果示，全组Duckes A期4例，B期28例，C期14例，D期10例。行左半结肠切除吻合术32例，右半结肠切除吻合术21例。 左半结肠切除吻合术中并发肠梗阻2例,切口感染和腹腔感染各2例,均治愈；右半结肠癌切除术治愈20例,死亡1例,并发吻合口瘘1例, 切口感染4例和腹腔感染2例,均治愈。提示充分术前准备，有效的肠道减压，合理围术期处理，无论右半结肠癌还是左半结肠癌所致急性肠梗阻，绝大部份患者选择一期切除吻合术是安全可行的。     

右半结肠与左半结肠肿瘤性肠梗阻一期切除吻合的比较

目的:比较右半结肠与左半结肠癌肠梗阻一期切除吻合的近期结果.方法:回顾分析80例结肠癌肠梗阻行一期切除吻合患者的临床资料.结果:37例右半结肠癌及43例左半结肠癌肠梗阳患者行一期手术,2组患者平均住院时间为(31.6±12.8)d vs(29.6±14.8)d,P=0.518,平均住院费用为(52794.9±60 804.3)元vs(50 192.8±39 727.4)元,P=0.817,并发症率分别为21.6%(8/37)vs 25.6%(11/43),P=0.678,病死率为5.4%(2/37)vs2.3%(1/44),P=0.593,差异均无统计学意义.2组中各有1例发生吻合口瘘.结论:一期切除吻合对右半或左半结肠癌肠梗阻者同样安全.左半结肠吻合前,充分的结肠减压是必须的.     

老年人急性左半结肠癌并肠梗阻36例分析

目的探讨老年人急性左半结肠癌梗阻的诊断与治疗。方法36例老年人急性左半结肠癌并肠梗阻中一期切除吻合27例(75%),Hartman手术2例,先行结肠造口再二期手术4例,肠捷径手术2例,结肠永久性造口1例。结果手术切除率为94.4%(34/36),死亡1例。结论对老年人急性左半结肠癌并肠梗阻的患者,只要病例选择恰当,术中行结肠减压及灌洗,加强围手术期营养及支持治疗,急诊行左半结肠癌一期切除吻合是安全可行的。     

左半结直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗策略

目的探讨左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2000-2006年哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的36例左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的病例资料。结果行一期肠切除吻合27例,行姑息性结肠造口4例,另5例经肛门插入型肠梗阻导管减压去污后行一期手术。术后切口感染2例,无吻合口漏发生,无手术死亡病例。结论左半结、直肠癌致急性肠梗阻的急诊治疗中,对于选择性病人,一期肠切除吻合术是安全可行的;经肛门插入型肠梗阻导管结肠减压、灌洗去污是对一期肠切除吻合术的有效补充。     

腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治性切除术的手术体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治性切除术的临床疗效及操作体会。方法:回顾分析2015年9月至2016年7月11例患者行腹腔镜下标准左半结肠癌根治术的临床资料,采用五孔法中间入路,操作过程中严格遵循层面间隙内游离及结肠恶性肿瘤根治原则。结果:11例患者均顺利完成标准腹腔镜辅助左半结肠癌根治术,手术时间平均(142.25±35.26)min,术中出血量平均(21.53±8.76)ml,清扫淋巴结数量平均(18.45±4.28)枚,肛门排气时间平均(30.48±8.23)h,平均住院(10.23±5.26)d。术后无切口愈合不良表现,术后出现肺部感染1例,腹腔感染1例,吻合口瘘1例,经营养支持、消炎、引流等保守治疗后痊愈,术后肠梗阻1例,保守治疗成功,术后1例发生腹腔内出血,再次行腹腔镜探查,发现为胰腺尾部创面边缘出血,行止血治疗。无围手术期死亡病例,患者均获随访,未发现切口肿瘤种植。结论:只要熟悉各个解剖层次,术中保持层面间隙内游离,避免过度牵拉,腹腔镜辅助左半结肠癌根治术是安全、有效的。     

经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

目的 评价经肛肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值.方法 2007年3月至2010年10月37例急性完全性结直肠恶性梗阻患者经肛置入肠梗阻导管至梗阻近端肠管,冲洗引流4～10 d后行腹腔镜探查并一期切除吻合.结果 37例患者中34例成功置入导管,导管引流时间为4～10 d,平均(5.8±1.6)d.置入肠梗阻导管后(3.8±1.3)d(1～7 d)患者腹痛、腹胀症状消失.与入院时腹围(92 4±7)cm相比,手术时腹围(84±6)cm,明显缩小(P=0.013).其中31例患者减压后完成腹腔镜一期根治切除吻合,术后患者恢复顺利,无严重并发症.结论 经肛型肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性结直肠梗阻安全、有效,可将急诊手术转为限期手术,在适当的肠道准备后腹腔镜下根治手术并一期吻合是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.     

生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻老年病人中的应用

目的评价生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻减压导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2010年9月至2016年11月经手术治疗的57例急性完全性远端结肠恶性梗阻老年病人(年龄均≥70岁),2013年以来济宁市第一人民医院采用经肛肠梗阻导管治疗部分肠梗阻病人,31例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗4~10 d,平均(5.6±1.2)d,后行腹腔镜或剖腹探查;26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗后行手术治疗。结果 31例经生长抑素及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗的病人术前腹痛及腹胀症状均得以缓解;与入院时腹围(100%)相比,术前腹围明显缩小,为(81±2.3)%(P=0.001);综合治疗后3 d行腹部CT检查,测量近端结肠最大横径为(2.8±0.3)cm,明显小于治疗前的(6.2±0.5)cm(P=0.001);31例病人均行手术治疗,其中18例病人行腹腔镜探查手术,11例完成根治手术并行一期吻合(腹腔镜下完成7例),20例行肿瘤切除并近端结肠造口术,术后病人均无严重并发症。26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗病人中,仅5例行一期吻合,无一例在腹腔镜下完成,术后1例出现肠瘘并发症。结论生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管治疗对急性远端大肠恶性肠梗阻的老年病人安全有效,有较高的腹腔镜手术完成率及一期吻合成功率,降低了围手术期风险,避免了二次手术,减轻了病人的经济负担。     

The intraoperative colonic irrigation in emergency surgery

Bowel preparations is frequently impossible in various ante colonic diseases, such as left-sided colonic obstruction. The goal of intraoperative colonic irrigation is to obtain, during surgery, a bowel preparation offering the possibility of primary resection with immediate anastomosis, when preoperative bowel preparation has not been feasible. Technical aspects of intra-operative colonic irrigation are described. Indications for this methods are presented: left-sided obstructing carcinomas, diverticulitis, more rarely inflammatory stenosis or functional obstruction. The surgical management of left colonic emergencies has evolved in the past few decades. Recently, there has been increasing interest in resection with primary anastomosis in selected cases. The post operative mortality rate was 13 per cent. The incidence of clinical anastomotic leakage was 6.65 per cent.     

经肛肠梗阻导管加肠内营养在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病的临床研究

目的探讨肠梗阻导管加肠内营养在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病治疗中的作用。方法2006年6月至2008年6月,选择17例肠梗阻患者,按入院时间分为对照组（8例）和导管组（9例）。对照组给予常规治疗方案,导管组在此基础上应用肠梗阻导管和肠内营养治疗。结果经3～5d肠梗阻导管减压和肠内营养支持治疗,8例急性肠梗阻症状均缓解,均可限期行腹腔镜一期切除和吻合,术后随访1～9个月,中位数7个月,未见吻合口漏等并发症。结论经肛门肠梗阻导管和肠内营养用于治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效,同时可减少肠造口和二期手术的风险。     

Single-incision laparoscopy-assisted surgery for bowel obstruction: Report of three cases

We applied single-incision laparoscopy-assisted surgery for several different types of bowel obstruction in selected patients. Before the operation, a long nasal tube was inserted for intestinal decompression and assessment of a stenotic lesion. A specially-designed instrument for single-incision laparoscopic surgery, the SILS Port, was introduced at the umbilicus or proposed ileostomy site. After intracorporeal procedures, extracorporeal resection and reconstruction of the intestine was performed as needed. Three patients with bowel obstruction due to jejunal carcinoma, colonic stenosis, and adhesion underwent single-incision laparoscopy-assisted surgery. The port site was used for subsequent extracorporeal resection and anastomosis of the jejunum in two patients, and for ileostomy in the remaining patient. All of the procedures were completed safely, and there were no postoperative complications. Single-incision laparoscopy can therefore be applied for selected patients with bowel obstruction. In such cases, the preoperative insertion of a long nasal tube for decompression of intestinal contents and assessment of the stenotic lesion is necessary.     

Long tube for obstructing left-sided colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Obstructing left-sided colon cancer is now managed by immediate resection and primary anastomosis using intraoperative mechanical bowel irrigation. The aim of this study was to describe our new technique using a long tube for preoperative bowel decompression and intraoperative antegrade irrigation. METHODS: A long nasointestinal tube was inserted and a balloon was inflated with distilled water. The tube gradually went forward to the ileum end by peristalsis, and the small intestine became fully decompressed. At operation, antegrade colonic irrigation with warm saline was performed through this long tube without insertion of a Foley catheter. RESULTS: Immediate colonic resection and primary end-to-end anastomosis using layer-to-layer interrupted sutures was successfully performed in 4 patients with obstructing sigmoid colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This method avoids opening and closure of the cecum or ileum, and minimizes bacterial contamination. The technique is simple and easy, and useful for immediate resection and primary anastomosis of obstructing left-sided colon cancer.     

Emergency surgery for obstructing colorectal cancers: a comparison between right-sided and left-sided lesions

BACKGROUND:

Fifteen to twenty percent of patients with primary colorectal cancers present with intestinal obstruction. Traditionally, different approaches have been used in the management of right-sided and left-sided colonic obstruction. Recently, single-stage resection with primary anastomosis in left colonic obstruction has been shown to have good results. The objective of this study was to compare the operative results of patients who had emergency operations for right-sided and left-sided obstructions from primary colorectal cancers.

STUDY DESIGN:

This is a retrospective study including 243 patients who underwent emergency operations for obstructing colorectal cancers from 1989 to 1997. Primary resection of the tumor-bearing segment followed by primary anastomosis was attempted when the conditions were feasible. The operative results of patients with right-sided tumors were compared with those of patients with left-sided tumors.

RESULTS:

One hundred seven patients had obstruction at or proximal to the splenic flexure (right-sided lesions), and 136 had lesions distal to the splenic flexure (left-sided lesions). The primary resection rate was 91.8%. Of the 223 patients with primary resection, primary anastomosis was possible in 197 patients. Among the 101 primary anastomoses in patients with left-sided obstruction, segmental resection with on-table lavage was performed in 75 patients and subtotal colectomy was performed in 26. The overall operative mortality rate was 9.4%, although that of the patients with primary resection and anastomosis was 8.1%. The anastomotic leakage rate for those with primary resection and anastomosis was 6.1%. There were no differences in the mortality or leakage rates between patients with right-sided and left-sided lesions (mortality: 7.3% versus 8.9%, P = 0.79; leakage: 5.2% versus 6.9%, P = 0.77). Colocolonic anastomosis did not show a significant difference in leakage rate when compared with ileocolonic anastomosis (6.1% versus 6.0%, P = 1.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed that primary resection and anastomosis for left-sided malignant obstruction, either by segmental resection with on-table lavage or subtotal colectomy, was not more hazardous than primary anastomosis for right-sided obstruction. The single-stage procedure should be the objective for the treatment of patients with obstructing colorectal cancers, except when patients are hemodynamically unstable during surgery or when the condition of the bowel is not optimal for primary anastomosis.     

One stage procedure in the management of acute sigmoid volvulus without colonic lavage.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing acceptance of one-stage primary resection and anastomosis of left-sided colon obstruction with on-table antegrade colonic lavage to reduce the risk of post-operative infectious complications and anastomotic dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of single-stage resection and anastomosis for acute left-sided colonic obstruction due to acute sigmoid volvulus, without intraoperative colonic lavage, in a consecutive series of patients admitted to our department. METHODS: Emergency resection of acute sigmoid volvulus was performed by an experienced senior surgeon (consultant grade). This was followed by primary anastomosis without on-table colonic lavage after a manual decompression. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients underwent bowel decompression, resection and primary colorectal anastomosis. Two of the patients who had ileosigmoid knotting and gangrenous bowel had double resection with primary ileoileal and colorectal anastomosis. There were two superficial wound infections. No death or clinical anastomotic failure were recorded in this series. The mean hospital stay was 10.3 days. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that resection of acute sigmoid volvulus and primary anastomosis after decompression alone can be carried out safely in reasonably fit patients.     

Intraoperative colonic irrigation in emergency colorectal surgery

Bowel preparation is frequently impossible in various acute colonic diseases, such as left-sided colonic obstruction. The goal of intraoperative colonic irrigation is to obtain, during surgery, a bowel preparation offering the possibility of primary resection with immediate anastomosis, when pre-operative bowel preparation has not been feasible. Technical aspects of intra-operative colonic irrigation are described. Indications for this method are presented: left-sided obstructing carcinomas, diverticulitis, more rarely inflammatory stenosis or functional obstruction.     

Primary restorative colectomy in malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction.

A series of 18 consecutive patients who underwent primary resection and immediate anastomosis as the treatment for malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction are presented. Intraoperative mechanical preparation of the colon was omitted. There was no clinical evidence of anastomotic dehiscence or wound infection. The mean duration of hospital stay was 11 days. It is suggested that colonic continuity can be restored immediately and safely without mechanical bowel preparation, providing attention is directed to constructing an anastomosis that has a good blood supply and is free from tension.