LHO-1和CDC型重油裂解降烯烃催化剂的性能评价

利用XTL-5型提升管中试装置,对LHO-1和CDC型重油裂解降烯烃催化剂的裂化性能进行了评价。结果表明, 与参比催化剂相比,LHO-1和CDC型重油裂解降烯烃催化剂具有较强的重油转化、降烯烃和芳构化能力。     

催化剂LRC-99在乍得炼厂重油催化裂化装置的应用

通过对乍得炼厂重油催化裂化装置选用的LRC-99催化剂进行前期调研和后期应用,表明该催化剂能具有较好的重油转化能力和抗重金属污染能力,配合优化操作参数,能显著提高炼厂柴汽比,很好的满足了乍得炼厂的产品需求,给炼厂带来了较好的经济效益,是一款性能良好的催化剂。     

LHO-1降烯烃催化剂的工业应用

榆林炼油厂12万t/a催化裂化装置加工的原料为长庆石蜡基原油,混合原料性质较好,表现为重金属含量一般,残碳低,密度不高,易裂化及轻质油收率高等。为提高装置总液收率和进一步降低汽油组分中的烯烃含量,催化裂化装置开始试用LHO-1催化剂。工业实验表明,LHO-1的综合性能优于LBO-16催化剂。使用LHO-1降烯烃催化剂以来,H/C降低了22.9%,抗重金属污染性能较好,水热稳定性较好,流动性能较好,催化剂单耗由0.85 kg/t油降到0.82 kg/t油,油浆产率降低了1.2%,产品收率提高了1.1%,催化汽油烯烃含量较使用LBO-16催化剂降低约5%,变化不明显。     

LHO-1重油催化裂化催化剂的工业应用

报道了LHO-1型催化剂在中国石油锦西石化分公司和中国石化广州石化分公司的工业应用。标定结果表明,使用LHO-1型催化剂后,汽油烯烃体积分数下降约5～15个百分点,并具有较强的重油裂化性能。同时,汽油辛烷值保持不变,汽油安定性增加,诱导期显著提高。     

我国重油催化裂化催化剂的发展

近年来，重油的催化裂化迅速发展，新型的重油催化裂化催化剂被不断应用于工业中。我国重油催化裂化催化剂在性能上有了重大的突破：其重油裂化能力大大提高，抗重金属污染，并且干气和焦炭产率较低，不断研发的新品种，本文阐述了近年来我国重油催化裂化催化剂的发展状况。     

CA-2000 FCC催化剂在ARGG装置上的应用

详细介绍了CA-2000流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂在扬州石油化工厂采用中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的ARGG技术的FCC装置上的应用情况。工业应用结果表明,CA-2000催化剂具有较强的重油转化能力,产品选择性好焦炭产率低,液态烃收率高,抗重金属污染能力较强,可以满足原油性能变差、重油掺炼比提高后工厂的实际生产要求。     

UOP 工艺在3.5 Mt/a 催化裂化装置的应用

国内第一套设计加工能力达3.5 Mt/a 的大型重油催化裂化装置,采用美国 UOP 工艺技术设计.主要引进设备包括优混喷嘴,VSS 密闭旋分系统,高效汽提挡板等.运用开工汽油和分馏塔充瓦斯技术,减少催化剂跑损和富气不放火炬.运行情况显示:原料油雾化效果好、催化剂和油气分离效率高,采用国产 LDO-75催化剂及 ZSM-5助剂,装置有很好的重油转化和抗重金属能力,汽油收率32.25%,柴油收率32.26%,转化率44.18%,总液收82.01%.     

我国FCC催化剂的发展近况

阐述了国内近几年FCC催化剂在重油催化裂化、汽油降烯烃、脱硫及多产低碳烯烃方面的进展.提高抗重金属污染能力、用中孔沸石代替 ZSM-5小孔沸石及大幅度提高催化剂基质的活性仍是今后研发 FCC催化剂的热点.     

生产清洁汽油的新型GOR系列裂化催化剂及其工艺技术

为解决原油深加工带来的催化裂化原料重质化与生产环境友好清洁汽油燃料的矛盾，石油化工科学研究院开发出新型降低催化汽油烯烃含量的GOR系列催化剂及其工艺技术，并成功应用在多套重油催化裂化装置上。实践证明：它能显著降低汽油中烯烃含量，保证汽油RON基因不变，改善安定性能，同时具有较强的重油转化能力、较好的产品选择性和较强的抗重金属污染能力等特点。     

降低油浆和焦炭的裂化催化剂RSC-2006的工业应用

催化裂化催化剂RSC-2006采用焦炭选择性较好的大孔富硅基质以降低焦炭收率;添加活性基质组分以增强催化剂的重油裂化能力,同时调节基质的表面酸性,在保证重油预裂化能力的同时改善焦炭选择性;对分子筛进行物化处理,清理和疏通分子筛的孔道,改善分子筛对劣质重油催化裂化的可接近性;引入抗金属污染组分,提高催化剂的抗金属污染能力。工业应用结果表明,催化剂具有优异的重油转化能力和优良的焦炭选择性。与对比催化剂相比,油浆和焦炭收率降低,大幅增加高价值产品收率,液化气+汽油+柴油收率提高。     

井下串联抽稠油泵研究

为解决稠油粘度高、在井筒中流动阻力大的问题,设计了井下串联抽稠油泵.阐述了泵的结构和工作原理,对弹簧、悬点载荷、泵排量等工作参数展开分析,并进行了可行性论证.该泵在上冲程时从油管掺入降粘液,并吸入地层产出液;在下冲程时将二者混合并通过油套环空举升至地面.该泵实现了柱塞下掺液,避免了砂磨柱塞现象以及泵上掺液不能降低原油进泵粘度的问题.该泵原理可行,工艺容易实现,成本低,可广泛应用于稠油举升.     

80万吨／年重油催化裂化装置

简要介绍了本装置连续运行８３天的生产情况及标定结果，分析了以掺炼大庆减压渣油为主的重油催化裂化的一些重要工艺技术，说明该装置在技术上是可靠的。     

REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Studies were conducted to determine the removal of heavy metals in three normally operating activated sludge wastewater treatment plants having only moderate industrial inputs. The removals of the soluble and particulate fractions varied with primary and secondary treatment, and in one instance a tertiary sand filter.     

Behaviour of heavy metals in the partial oxidation of heavy fuel oil

The behaviour of heavy metals in the partial oxidation of heavy fuel oils under a pressure of up to 100 bar (10 MPa) has been investigated. The tests were carried out in a 5 MW HP POX (High Pressure Partial Oxidation) test plant, that is operated by the IEC (Department of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering, TU Bergakademie Freiberg) in cooperation with Lurgi GmbH. In several test campaigns preheated oil with a viscosity of up to 300 cSt (= 300 mm²/s) at the burner inlet has been gasified. The heavy metals nickel Ni, iron Fe and vanadium V occur in heavy residual oils in considerable concentration and may seriously impact the gasification itself and the synthesis gas conditioning and usage. While iron is largely recovered in the gasification residue, the recovery rates of nickel and vanadium depend on the process conditions. Volatile nickel compounds were detected in the raw synthesis gas. It was found that an incomplete carbon conversion enables the capture of nickel Ni and vanadium V in the solid residue phase and can thus mitigate the problem of volatile metal compounds in the raw synthesis gas.     

鄱阳湖流域沉积物中重金属研究及环境意义

随着社会经济的发展,鄱阳湖受到的污染越来越严重.其中位于饶河乐安河中下游的我国目前最大的铜矿--江西德兴铜矿以及位于信江中游的永平铜矿开采中产生的含重金属酸性废水是导致鄱阳湖部分区域重金属污染的主要点源.许多研究表明,湖泊表面沉积物是重金属污染物进入湖泊后迁移的重要归宿,它记录了人类工业文明中各种污染物质的来源、分布、迁移和转化的历史,是追溯重金属污染的程度重要工具.湖泊沉积物中重金属聚集主要与周边地区人类的活动有关,其垂向变化反映了人类活动与自然环境相互作用的历史,是评价环境现状及演变趋势,探测湖泊污染历史的最佳工具.沉积物中的重金属是水环境污染的指示者,能明显地反映出水体区域所受到的污染程度.     

重介质选矿现状及在磷矿选矿的应用前景

新型的Tri-Flo重介质分选机得到了愈来愈广泛的应用。文中介绍了几个国外使用Tri-Flo分选机的选厂生产实例。我国磷矿中有相当大一部分是条带状磷块岩,这类矿石能在较粗粒级下实现单体解离,因此有可能利用质介质分选技术进行选别,并可望获得显著的经济效益,已完成的几个试验证明了这一点,国内实现磷矿重介质选矿工业化已具备初步条件,分选设备、加重剂和控制系统的研制、开发都有了新的发展。     

Influence of asphaltenes on coke formation during the thermal cracking of different Brazilian distillation residues

This research was conducted to allow the investigation on the influence of asphaltenes on coke formation, during the thermal cracking of atmospheric distillation residues, using thermogravimetry. Asphaltenes of five refinery atmospheric distillation residues, of different API gravity Brazilian crude oils, were isolated by the IP143 methodology. The original samples and the same samples, after asphaltenes extraction, were analyzed by thermogravimetry. It was observed that the heavier the sample, the higher was the contribution of the asphaltenes to the coke formation. The extracted asphaltenes were analyzed under the same TG conditions of the atmospheric distillation residues and all asphaltenes appeared to form approximately the same amount of carbonaceous residue after the thermal cracking. Heavier and lighter atmospheric distillation residues were doped with 10%, 20% and 30% amount of asphaltenes and, again, the higher the asphaltenes amount, the higher would be the carbonaceous material formation. The same tendency was observed for both doped samples.     

PYROLYSIS OF WASTE POLYSTYRENE IN HEAVY OIL

Waste plastics are an environmental problem because of recycling limitations and their resistance to natural decomposition. This research investigates the thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of waste polystyrene in heavy oil as a tertiary recycling method. Kinetic parameters for pyrolysis were obtained, and distillate products from the reaction were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Four types of heavy oil were used to find which would be most suitable in this process. Complete pyrolysis of polystyrene occurred at temperatures lower than those reported in the literature.     

Adsorption of Pb2+ on Chitosan Cross‐Linked with Triethylene‐Tetramine

A novel triethylene‐tetramine cross‐linked chitosan (CCTS) was synthesized via the cross‐linking of triethylene‐tetramine and epichlorohydrin activated chitosan. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the surface topography was determined with ESEM. The results were in agreement with expectations. The capacity of CCTS to adsorb Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions was examined, and equilibrium and kinetic investigations were undertaken. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well by the Langmuir equation (R > 0.999). The maximum adsorbed amount, at pH 5.5, with an initial concentration of 3 mmol/L (621 ppm), was 378.8 mg/g. The adsorption process could be best described by a second‐order equation (R = 1). This suggests that the rate‐limiting step may be the chemical adsorption (chemisorption) step and not the mass transport. The separation factor used was 0 < R_L < 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that CCTS is an effective adsorbent for the collection of Pb²⁺.