非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术中氧动力学的变化

非体外循环下不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术 (ＣＣＡＢＧ)中 ,如何维护氧动力学的稳定成为麻醉医师必须解决的问题。我们对 32例ＣＣＡＢＧ病人进行了围术期氧动力学变化的观察 ,以求寻找出规律 ,更好地指导临床麻醉。资料和方法　本组中男 2 6例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 51～ 78岁 ,平均 (62 0± 5 5)岁 ;体重 54～ 90ｋｇ,平均 (70 5± 1 4 3)ｋｇ。左室射血分数 (ＥＦ)为 0 58± 0 0 1。心胸比率 0 51± 0 0 5 ,心功能ＩＩ～ＩＩＩ级。合并高血压 2 2例、糖尿病 9例、术前心肌梗死 (心梗 ) 1 3例、2次心梗 3例。全组均采用静吸复合麻醉。每例平…     

非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术中护理

<正>非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG) 即是在没有体外循环支持下,在病人跳动的心脏表面完成冠状动脉搭桥手术,与传统的体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)相比,它具有创伤小、费用低、并发症少、术后恢复快等诸多优点。我院2002年4月-2005年9月开展OPCABG73例,手术过程顺利,取得了良好的效果。现将手术配合和体会介绍如下:     

非体外循环与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术比较

1999年12月至2003年7月，我们对410例冠心病病人施行了心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术(冠脉搭桥，OPCAB)，对318例施行传统体外循环冠脉搭桥手术(CCAB)，现对两种术式进行比较，报道如下。     

非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术加左心室室壁瘤折叠术的临床效果

目的评价非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)同期行左心室室壁瘤折叠术的临床效果。方法选择2007年1月至2011年1月期间北京安贞医院资料完整的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)同期行室壁瘤手术患者114例进行对比研究,其中在体外循环心脏停搏下行CABG加室壁瘤切除术76例(Ⅰ组),男57例、女19例,年龄(63.4±7.8)岁;在非体外循环心脏不停跳下行CABG加室壁瘤折叠术38例(Ⅱ组),男32例、女6例,年龄(60.6±8.9)岁。除Ⅰ组患者室壁瘤占左心室较Ⅱ组大外(42.2%±13.6%vs.26.5%±12.3%,t=5.499,P=0.000),其余临床资料相比差异无统计学意义。比较两组患者手术效果及并发症发生情况,并进行随访6个月。结果Ⅰ组中死亡2例,其中1例死于术后恶性心律失常,1例死于肺部感染;Ⅱ组1例死于围术期心肌梗死。两组患者术后胸腔引流量、二次开胸止血、呼吸机辅助时间和放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)例数等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后早期及术后6个月复查心脏超声心动图,左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)均较术前明显减小[Ⅰ组:(54.0±7.8)mm&(56.0±8.1)mm vs.(59.6±6.6)mm,Ⅱ组:(52.0±7.2)mm&(53.6±5.3)mm vs.(57.9±5.4)mm];左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著增加(Ⅰ组:43.5%±3.2%&55.7%±3.7%vs.38.0%±7.4%,Ⅱ组:44.7%±2.8%&57.0%±3.5%vs.41.0%±6.6%),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论非体外循环心脏不停跳CABG同期行室壁瘤折叠术安全有效,可能更适用于室壁瘤较小的患者。     

Symmetry主动脉吻合器在心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的　总结非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术 (Off-pumpcoronaryarterybypassgrafting ,OPCAB)中使用Symmetry主动脉吻合器的近期效果。　方法　 2 0 0 2年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月 ,2 0 4例冠心病行OPCAB ,其中 16 7例使用大隐静脉移植物 ,应用Symmetry主动脉吻合器 10 0例。　结果　使用吻合器 14 2个 ,吻合失败弃用 2个 ,3个吻合口漏血需手工修补 ,成功率 96 5 % (137 14 2 ) ,近端吻合口 (1 4± 0 5 )个 例 ,远端吻合口 (3 5± 0 8)个 例。近端吻合口血流量 (46 5± 2 2 3)ml min。吻合器安装时间 (4 0± 1 1)min ,吻合口完成时间均在 10s以内 ,手术时间 (3 2± 0 4 )h。手术死亡率 1% (1 10 0 ) ,无围手术期心肌梗塞、脑卒中等并发症 ,出血二次开胸 1例 ,但非吻合口出血。术后引流量 (5 4 1± 2 74 )ml,输血率 36 0 % (36 10 0 )。术后住院 (7 8± 1 6 )天。　结论　Symmetry主动脉吻合器可安全有效地应用于CABG术 ,近期临床效果满意 ,可缩短吻合时间和手术时间 ,避免主动脉钳夹 ,降低卒中并发症     

心脏停跳与不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在高危病人中应用的比较

不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术（OPCAB）由于避免了应用体外循环以及由此引起的全身性炎症反应,与体外循环（CPB）停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术（CABG）相比,OPCAB具有较低的病死率和并发症发生率.特别对于具高危因素病人,OPCAB的优越性更为明显.我们统计141例高危病人手术资料,比较CABG及OPCAB对其术后病死率、并发症发生率等的影响.     

非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术的麻醉管理

本院自1997年2月～2001年2月对265例冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病,在非体外循环下实施冠状动脉搭桥术。本文总结了此类冠状动脉搭桥术的麻醉管理经验,现报告如下。资料与方法265例冠心病病人,男209例,女56例,年龄29～79岁,ASAⅡ级180例、Ⅲ级85例。术前诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病。劳力性心绞痛98例、不稳定心绞痛167例、伴有陈旧性心肌梗死120例。左心室射血分数40％～60％213     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的临床经验。方法:自2001年3月～2002年10月我院共完成OPCAB9例,在进行旁路移植吻合时,冠状动脉的暴露和制动借助于特制胸骨牵开器和配套的冠状动脉固定器。结果:无手术死亡,无围手术期心肌梗死等严重并发症发生,短期随访临床效果满意。结果:OPCAB安全可行,可减少输血,减轻手术创伤与并发症,近期疗效满意。     

心脏不停跳下多支冠状动脉旁路移植术20例

1997年 10月至 1999年 11月 ,我们在心脏不停跳下行多支冠状动脉旁路移植术 2 0例 ,现报道如下。临床资料　 2 0例中男 13例 ,女 7例 ;年龄 41～ 70岁 ,平均 5 5 2岁。合并高血压 14例、糖尿病 8例 ,伴陈旧性心肌梗死 9例 ,ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄 1例。射血分数 0 38～ 0 5 2。术前冠状动脉造影显示 3支病变 15例 ,2支病变 4例 ,单支左主干 90 %狭窄 1例。手术采用胸骨正中切口 ,体外循环下心脏不停跳手术 12例 ,非体外循环下手术 8例。游离内乳动脉及大隐静脉备用。体外循环组常规建立体外循环 ,术中鼻咽温 2 8 6～31 7℃ ,必要时应用局部…     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结110例非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术经验，探讨其手术适应证、优缺点及手术方法。方法 常温、全身麻醉，胸正中切口，非体外循环心脏跳动下，应用特殊心表固定器行冠状动脉旁路移植术，平均搭桥3．9支，血管桥为乳内动脉、大隐静脉及桡动脉。结果 全组无手术死亡，术后心绞痛症状消失。手术时间平均为210min，术后气管插管时间平均为4．8h。术后住院时间平均为10d，住院费用平均为4．4万元。其中3例术中出现不可逆血压过低、室颤而转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术。结论 非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。特别适合于老年及心功能差的患者，可减少体外循环并发症，缩短术后住院时间，降低住院费用，但不能完全替代体外循环旁路移植术。     

Safety and efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in chronic dialysis patients

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been recently revived, because cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) appears to worsen the multiple organ dysfunction after conventional CABG. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the off-pump CABG in chronic dialysis patients, we compared the perioperative morbidity and mortality between 15 dialysis patients who underwent off-pump CABG at our center over the past 8 years with that of a concurrent group of 19 patients who underwent conventional CABG. Patients were selected for off-pump CABG only when complete revascularization was technically feasible. We found that off-pump CABG is as safe and effective as conventional CABG in selected dialysis patients. It might even be beneficial, because it is associated with less hematocrit drop and blood product use, a lower catabolic rate, and fewer dialysis requirements after surgery. However, the impact of off-pump technique on the long-term clinical outcome and resource utilization in renal patients requires further investigation.     

雷米芬太尼在非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术"快通道"麻醉中的应用

目的 研究雷米芬太尼用于非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术"快通道"麻醉的临床效果.方法 48例行非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术患者随机均分为雷米芬太尼组(R组)和芬太尼组(F组).记录两组诱导前(T0)、插管后2 min(T1)、切皮后2 min(T2)、锯胸骨后2 min(T3)、关胸时(T4)、手术结束后30min(T5)的HR,MAP、CVP,肺小动脉楔压(PAWP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、术后拔管时间、ICU停留时间和住院时间.结果 R组与F组比较血流动力学和住院时间差异无统计学意义.R组在拔管时间和ICU停留时间上显著短于F组(P<0.01).结论 雷米芬太尼用于非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术"快通道"麻醉安全性高、效果明显.     

Risk-adjusted analysis of long-term outcomes after on- versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESRecent data suggested that off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) may carry a higher risk for mortality in the long term when compared to on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB). We, therefore, compared long-term survival and morbidity in patients undergoing ONCAB versus OPCAB in a large single-centre cohort.METHODSA total of 8981 patients undergoing isolated elective/urgent coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2009 and December 2019 were analysed. Patients were stratified into 2 groups (OPCAB n = 6649/ONCAB n = 2332). The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included repeat revascularization, stroke and myocardial infarction. To adjust for potential selection bias, 1:1 nearest neighbour propensity score (PS) matching was performed resulting in 1857 matched pairs. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was applied in the entire study cohort using multivariable- and PS-adjusted Cox regression analysis.RESULTSIn the PS-matched cohort, 10-year mortality was similar between study groups [OPCAB 36.4% vs ONCAB 35.8%: hazard ratio (HR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.12; P = 0.84]. While 10-year outcomes of secondary endpoints did not differ significantly, risk of stroke (OPCAB 1.50% vs ONCAB 2.8%: HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.83; P = 0.006) and mortality (OPCAB 3.1% vs ONCAB 4.8%: HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91; P = 0.011) at 1 year was lower in the OPCAB group. In the multivariable- and the PS-adjusted model, mortality at 10 years was not significantly different (OPCAB 34.1% vs ONCAB 35.7%: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87–1.08; P = 0.59 and HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.13; P = 0.91, respectively).CONCLUSIONSData do not provide evidence that elective/urgent OPCAB is associated with significantly higher risks of mortality, repeat revascularization, or myocardial infarction during late follow-up when compared to ONCAB. Patients undergoing OPCAB may benefit from reduced risks of stroke and mortality within the first year postoperatively.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在高危冠心病中的应用

目的 探讨用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的方法，以避免体外循环对冠心病高危因素患者产生的不良影响。方法 对100例冠心病患者行OPCAB，其中69例伴有冠心外科手术的高危因素。血管病变主要涉及左、右冠状动脉各分支。结果 手术死亡1例(1.4％)，手术转换2例(2．9％)，移植血管失功1例(1.4％)，术后非致命性心肌梗死4例(5．8％)，肾功能衰竭1例(1．4％)，胸骨感染1例(1．4％)，24小时内拔除气管内插管68例(98.6％)，接受输血17例(25．O％)。术后随访56例，随访时间1—13个月，死亡2例，心绞痛复发4例，充血性心力衰竭2例。术后无脑血管意外、再次手术止血、室性心律失常、下胶切口感染和呼吸衰竭等并发症发生。随访病例中14例做冠状动脉血管造影术，仅1例移植血管狭窄大于50％。所有乳内动脉血管桥均通畅。结论 对某些具有冠心外科手术高危因素的患者，采用OPCAB可降低并发症发生率和手术死亡率。然而，这种技术较适用于冠状动脉解剖条件较好的病例。远期结果需要长期随访进一步加以证实。     

Association of incomplete revascularization with long-term survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Background

We evaluated the effect of incomplete revascularization (IR) on the long-term outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Materials and methods

Of 1553 patients with triple-vessel disease who had undergone consecutive off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, 1351 (87.0%) had complete revascularization (CR) and 202 had IR (13.0%). After propensity score patient matching, we had 200 patients in each group. Cardiac survival and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were assessed before and after patient matching. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction between the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the completeness of revascularization. The follow-up duration was 60 mo.

Results

In the all-patient analysis, the CR group had a lower incidence of in-hospital mortality, cardiac mortality, and MACCE (P = 0.033, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). The 5-year cardiac survival was 96.5% ± 0.6% in the CR group and 88.9% ± 2.5% in the IR group (P < 0.001), with a freedom from MACCE rate of 85.4% ± 1.2% and 78.8% ± 3.4%, respectively (P = 0.015). After patient matching, the CR group showed superior 5-year cardiac survival compared with the IR group (96.2% ± 1.4% versus 88.8% ± 2.5%, P = 0.022), with a similar freedom from MACCE rate. IR was identified as an independent predictor of cardiac death (hazard ratio 2.76, 95% confidence interval 1.62–4.70; P < 0.001). IR predicted cardiac death more distinctly in patients with a low LVEF (hazard ratio 5.29, 95% confidence interval 1.71–16.39; P = 0.004) than in those with a preserved LVEF (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.02–4.08; P = 0.045).

Conclusions

CR in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was related to superior cardiac survival after 5 years of follow-up compared with IR. The benefit of CR was more distinct in those with a low LVEF. CR should be achieved whenever possible, especially in patients with a low LVEF.     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植血管中远期通畅率比较

目的 比较非体外循环不停跳与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术后中远期移植血管的通畅率.方法 对同一术者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5年以上病例50例.按手术方式分为两组.第1组采用传统体外循环下进行冠状动脉旁路移植(体外循环组,25例);第2组采用非体外循环不停跳技术进行冠状动脉旁路移植(非体外循环组,25例).对所有病例进行冠状动脉造影随访,比较两组移植血管的通畅情况.结果 两组均男21例,女4例.第1组手术年龄(55.4±8.9)岁;随访70～110个月,平均(86.52±12.48)个月;移植血管共83支,其中动脉移植血管41支,静脉移植血管42支,平均移植血管(3.32±0.63)支/例;随访移植血管通畅61支,狭窄6支,闭塞16支,动脉移植物通畅率为78.05%,静脉通畅率69.05%,总通畅率73.49%.第2组手术年龄(58.2±9.09)岁;移植血管共65支,其中动脉移植血管31支,静脉移植血管34支,平均移植血管(2.52±0.71)支/例,随访64～99个月,平均(82.68±12.48)个月;随访移植血管通畅47支,狭窄4支,闭塞14支,动脉移植物通畅率为74.19%,静脉通畅率70.59%,总通畅率72.31%.结论 非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植血管中远期通畅率与传统体外循环手术一致,均可达到较好的中远期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.     

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via a small thoracotomy versus off-pump: a case-matched study

Objective: The minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) operation performed via a small thoracotomy has not previously been examined in a direct comparison to sternotomy off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Methods: We matched, according to age, gender, left ventricular function, and median number of distal anastomoses, 150 patients who underwent MICS CABG via small left thoracotomy, and 150 patients who received sternotomy OPCAB. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. Results: There was no perioperative mortality (0/300). In the MICS CABG group, pump assistance was used in 28/150 (19%) patients, and conversion to sternotomy occurred in 10/150 (6.7%) patients. In the OPCAB group, conversion to on-pump occurred in 3/150 (2.0%) patients. There were four (2.7%) reoperations for bleeding and one (0.7%) for anastomotic revision in each group. The median hospital length of stay was 5 days for MICS CABG (average 5.4), and 6 days for OPCAB (average 7.2) (P = 0.02). New-onset atrial fibrillation occurred in 35 (23%) MICS CABG patients and in 42 (28%) OPCAB patients (P = 0.3). No wound infection occurred with MICS CABG versus six (4.0%) with OPCAB (P = 0.03). A self-limiting left pleural effusion developed in 22 (15%) MICS CABG patients and in six (4.0%) OPCAB patients (P = 0.002). The median time to return to full physical activity was 12 days in MICS CABG patients versus >5 weeks in OPCAB patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: MICS CABG is a valuable alternative for patients in need of multivessel CABG. The operation appears at least as safe as OPCAB, and associated with shorter hospital length of stay, less wound infections, and faster postoperative recovery than OPCAB.     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术补钾影响因素的比较

目的 探讨常规冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)围术期钾离子变化特点与补钾影响因素.方法 50例接受CABG患者,分为CCABG组和OPCABG组,每组25例.术中根据血气结果补钾,维持血清钾离子浓度在4.0～5.0mmol/L.记录并比较两组术中及术后液体出入量、补钾量、单位时间补钾量(补钾量/手术时间)、尿钾浓度、尿排钾量(总尿量×平均尿钾浓度)以及心肺转流(CPB)指标,分析两组术中补钾量的独立影响因素.结果 CCABG组术中补钾量及单位时间补钾量均高于OPCABG组,但其CPB前后单位时间补钾量低于OPCABG组(P＜0.05);CCABG组桥血管数、手术时间、术中尿量、尿排钾量及术后24 h补钾量均大于OPCABG组,术中平均尿钾浓度和最低体温低于OPCABG组(P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析显示尿量和入室血钾浓度是OPCABG组术中补钾量的独立影响因素;年龄和CPB转机时间是CCABG组术中补钾量的独立影响因素(P＜0.05).结论 CABG围术期需积极补钾.OPCABG中应根据基础血清钾水平结合尿量尽早开始补钾;CCABG中应根据CPB时间合理补钾.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的可行性. 方法回顾分析2002年1月～12月37例重症冠心病的临床资料.均采用全麻,胸骨正中切口,游离左乳内动脉及大隐静脉.心脏稳定器局部固定心肌,显露目标冠状动脉,切开后置入冠状动脉内血液分流器.一般先做左乳内动脉与左冠状动脉前降支的吻合,其余血管桥先做桥血管与主动脉的近心端吻合,然后再做桥血管与冠状动脉的吻合. 结果全组病例均在非体外循环下完成手术,搭桥1～6支,(3.2±0.5)支.术后10 d死亡1例,其余36例未发生围术期心肌梗死,无呼吸功能不全、肾功能不全、脑血管意外等严重并发症. 结论在成熟的手术技术和严格的围手术期管理的条件下,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗重症冠心病可行.