Surface Modification Mechanism of Fine Coal by Electrochemical Methods

In order to reveal the surface modification mechanism of fine coal by electrochemical methods, the structural changes of the coal surface before and after electrochemical modification were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra （FTIR） and Raman Spectra. The results show that under certain electrochemical conditions, the oxy- gen-containing functional group in the coal structure and the oxygen content of absorption could be reduced and the floatability of coal improved. At the same time, the sulfur in the coal was reduced to the hydrophilic S^2- which could be separated easily from coal. Thus electrochemical modification methods could be used to change the structure and functional group on the coal surface and to enhance the floatability of coal.     

Modification technology for separation of oily sludge

Based on the analysis of the properties of oily sludge samples, the effect of modification parameters, such as liquid to solid (L/S) ratio, agitation temperature, agitation intensity, agitation time and pH on the modification of oily sludge was investigated with the content of oil remnants in dry sludge as a reference index. Remixing experiments were carried out according to a simplex-lattice design, where Sx4056 was used as the demulsifier, petroleum sulfonate as the surfactant and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) as the dispersant. The surface modification reagent formulation was optimized by a regression equation on the modified effect and based on the amounts of surface modification reagents. The results show that the content of the oil remaining in dry oily sludge is 0.28% of 10.15% oily sludge, when the reagent concentration rises to 3.5 g/L under the optimum experimental conditions.     

改性条件对催化裂解催化剂积炭的影响

对加氢尾油催化裂解催化剂ZSM-5进行了水蒸气处理和磷改性,考察了水蒸气和磷改性对催化剂的积炭量、积炭组成、酸性及比表面积和孔径的影响。结果表明,当催化剂含磷0.4mmol／g,水蒸气处理温度为500℃,处理时间为5h时,加氢尾油的凝点降低最大,且催化剂的积炭量较小。不同方法改性后,催化剂的酸性、比表面积和孔径都有不同程度的降低。在相同反应条件下,水蒸气处理磷改性催化剂的积炭量最小·积炭的氢碳比较大;经水蒸气处理和磷改性后,催化剂的抗积炭性能得到改善。     

煤表面电磁改性红外光谱实验研究

用建立的煤表面电磁改性实验系统对焦作朱村矿无烟煤的电磁表面改性特征进行了研究．结果表明，在不同频率的交变电磁场作用下，煤对甲烷等矿井常见气体的吸附能力明显减弱，主要表现为Langmuir吸附常数b值的降低，是一种典型的表面改性现象．开展了改性前后煤表面的傅立叶红外光谱分析，结果证明，煤表面电磁改性具有时间效应，电磁场不能永久地改变煤的内部基团微观结构。     

十二醇改性沉淀白炭黑工艺研究

选用十二醇作为改性剂对沉淀白炭黑进行表面处理。讨论了改性剂用量、改性时间和改性温度等因素对改性效果的影响,用极差分析及方差分析得出优化工艺条件为：改性剂用量30mL十二醇/10g二氧化硅,改性时间70min,改性温度70℃,在此条件下改性后产品的沉降体积为3.55mL/g,活化度为92.85%,吸油值为2.53mL/g,具有很好的疏水性。     

Treatment of ASP produced water with hydrophilic fibre ball filtration

The conventional treatment process cannot meet the need for treatment of produced water from alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding(ASP produced water) in Daqing oilfield. In this study,a new type of hydrophilic fibre ball medium was developed through surface modification method. The hydrophilic property of the surface modified fibre ball was tested with ASP produced liquid at laboratory. The results showed that this fibre ball had higher oil degreasing efficiency. The surface components were also observed by Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,the result showed that the hydrophilic fibre’s surface was covered by sulfonic group. Using hydrophilic fibre ball as filter medium,a new type of filter was designed to treat ASP produced water in pilot-scale experiments. The obtained results indicated that this type of filter had high capability and efficiency for the treatment of ASP produced water. This filter should have a better application prospect in oilfield produced water treatment.     

CdS纳米线的溶剂热合成及其光催化产氢性能

采用乙二胺溶剂热法制备了CdS纳米线(NWs), 探究了乙二胺用量及晶化条件对CdS NWs的组成、结构、形貌、比表面积、光吸收性能、电化学性能和光解水产氢性能的影响. 结果表明, 优化条件下制得的CdS NWs长径比可达550、径向直径约50 nm且分散良好. 在可见光驱动的光催化分解水产氢实验中, CdS NWs的产氢速率可达316 μmol·g-1·h-1, 与不加乙二胺的硫化镉相比提高了3.0倍. 在产氢循环实验中, 反应进行到第四个循环时的产氢速率约为初始值的81%, 具有良好的稳定性, 这为一维CdS NWs在光催化分解水制氢中的进一步改性提供了基础.     

磁场改性对烃油表面张力的影响“研究生论坛”稿件

本文通过对油类物质按极性和非极性分类,研究磁场改性对油类物质表面张力的影响,发现经过磁场改性后,随着磁场强度的变化,非极性烃油的表面张力会升高0.3%～4%,并呈现周期性变化;有利于降低油水界面张力,提高非极性烃油在水溶液中的弥散性能;而极性烃油的表面张力则会有所降低,并与水经过磁场改性后的结果相似;将极性和非极性烃油混合后,当混合物中极性烃油含量较少时,非极性烃油在混合物中占主导地位,经过磁场改性后,混合物表面张力升高,随着极性烃油含量的不断增加,极性烃油逐渐取得主导地位,经过磁场改性后,混合物表面张力降低。     

硅烷偶联剂KH-560对粉石英的表面改性研究

用硅烷偶联剂KH-560对粉石英表面进行接枝改性研究。采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对表面改性前后的粉石英进行表征,结果表明KH-560在粉石英表面产生很好的化学键合。考察KH-560的用量、改性时间对表面羟基数的影响,由此确定粉石英最佳工艺改性条件:KH-560用量1.5%,改性时间4h。     

活性炭表面改性及其苯酚吸附性能研究

采用稀硝酸氧化和氮气气氛高温处理两种方法对市售活性炭进行表面改性,采用比表面分析仪、红外吸收光谱和Boehm滴定对改性前后活性炭进行表征,并测定活性炭对苯酚的吸附等温线,探讨影响活性炭对苯酚吸附能力的因素。结果表明：表面改性不仅增加了活性炭的比表面积和孔容,还改变了其表面化学性质。活性炭表面化学性质对苯酚吸附能力有着更重要影响,随着活性炭表面酸性官能团的增加,活性炭对苯酚吸附能力下降;酸性官能团数量减少,吸附能力增加。     

Corn cob modified by lauric acid and ethanediol for emulsified oil adsorption

Corn cob is a naturally renewable material with developed micropore and hydrophobic characteristics, which enables it to show good oil adsorption capacity. In order to improve oil adsorption capacity, corn cob was modified with lauric acid and ethanediol. The structure of raw and modified corn cob was investigated using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and Ze Ta potential analyzer. The effects of p H level, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and initial oil concentration on oil absorbency of corn cob were studied. The results indicate that the modification significantly improved the lipophilicity of corn cob, making the modified corn cob with much better adsorption capacity on oil absorbency. Compared with raw corn cob, the maximum saturated adsorption capacity of modified corn cob is 16.52 mg/g at p H 5, and the increasing percentage is found to be 141%, which indicates that the modification causes a better adsorption capacity for oil removal. In addition, due to high oil adsorption capacity, affordable price and low secondary pollution, the modified corn cob could be considered promising alternative for the traditional oil adsorbent to clean up the emulsified oily water.     

秸秆接枝丙烯酸丁酯制备吸油树脂

以玉米秸秆为反应基材、丙烯酸丁酯为接枝单体、二甲基丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯(BDDMA)为交联剂,采用悬浮聚合方法合成了吸油材料。考察了物料配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、反应温度等因素对合成材料吸油性能的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电镜分别对材料的化学结构及表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明,吸油材料的最佳合成条件为m(秸秆)∶m(丙烯酸丁酯)=1∶1、w(引发剂)=0.6%、w(交联剂)=0.2%、反应温度75℃、反应时间6h,在此条件合成的吸油材料对甲苯的吸油率为5.8g/g。     

中值滤波技术在快速阴影恢复算法中的应用

基于中值滤波技术,对TSAI提出的阴影恢复算法(SFS)进行了改进.对原来算法叠代求得的高度值进行二维中值滤波,大大减少了达到同样的光滑系数所需的叠代求解次数.在分析中值滤波模版选择对滤波结果影响的基础上,提出了一种采用递减模版进行多次滤波的方法, 对实际含噪图片的重建结果验证了改进算法在提高耐噪性和改善表面光滑程度方面的有效性.结果表明,采用递减模版进行多次滤波可以更好的改进重建表面的光滑性和准确性,采用改进算法可以明显减少叠代次数.     

改性陶瓷滤料处理武钢含油废水的应用研究

利用武钢水站中的废弃污泥制作陶瓷滤料,并进行表面改性,然后将其投入到对武钢热轧废水处理的应用研究中。在与传统滤料石英砂进行对比的实验中发现,改性滤料在对悬浮物的去除率、对油的去除率和延长过滤周期等方面均大大优于传统石英砂滤料。分析了改性陶瓷滤料的除油机理,通过实验确定了改性陶瓷滤料在对含油废水处理时运行的最佳条件,在滤料粒径为0.8～1.0mm,滤速为8～10m/h,pH为6.8左右,滤层厚度为800mm时拥有良好的处理效果,且运行成本较低。     

Hydrothermal preparation and formation mechanism of titanium dioxide microcrystallites

Hydrothermal preparation experiments of TiO_2 microcrystallites were carried out. The formation of TiO_2 microcrystallites of polymorpbic forms was related to the precursor types and the basicity or acidity of reaction mediums under hydrothermal conditions. Based on the "growth unit" model, the space lattice graphs of growth units responding to different polymorphs were established. The stable energy of growth unit was calculated for different basicity or acidity of reaction mediums. The formation of polymorphic TiO_2 microcrystallites under hydrothermal conditions was discussed based on the experimental results.     

煤和废塑料与焦化残油共液化的研究

煤和废塑料共液化过程中添加焦化残油来部分替代四氢萘，结果表明，在添加的溶剂比中，四氢萘：残油为1：1效果最好，有助于提高油产率和降低气体的生成，对反应生成的残渣进行了工业分析和FTIR红外光谱分析，对正己烷抽提后的油品进行色-质联用分析，结合煤的红外光谱分析，探讨了煤和废塑料与焦化残油共处理过程中的化学反应机理。     

MPECVD法在抛光石英玻璃上沉积金刚石薄膜

采用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法(MPECVD),利用氢气和甲烷混合气体,在抛光石英基片上低温沉积出金刚石薄膜。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对薄膜的表面形貌、颗粒尺寸、纯度和光学透过性能进行了表征。通过SEM发现,得到的金刚石薄膜的颗粒尺寸为0.2~0.3μm,形核密度超过109cm-2,从薄膜形貌可以发现,较高温度有利于提高薄膜的生长速率和颗粒尺寸的均匀性。通过拉曼光谱和红外透射光谱分析发现,较高温度下沉积的薄膜具有较高的金刚石相含量,薄膜的光学透过性能也相对较好。     

Selective separation of silica from a siliceous-calcareous phosphate rock

Selective separation of silica from a siliceous-calcareous phosphate ore that had been sieved into different size fractions is investigated by a combination of chemical analysis, zeta potential measurement and FTIR and XPS techniques. Scrubbing is a better choice than flotation for removing silica from the coarse fractions. The P2O5 grade of the coarse fractions is increased to about 30% by scrubbing and the product yields are higher than those obtained by flotation. The silica in the fine fraction is separated by reverse flotation. An alkyl amine salt (DAH) is an effective collector and the P2Os grade of the fine fraction can be increased by 7% to beyond 30% under acidic conditions. The higher zeta potential obtained using DAH suggests that it is more strongly absorbed onto the ore panicles than the other cationic collectors.FTIR and XPS results confirm physical absorption of the cationic collector onto the ore surface. They also indicate that calcite is dissolved at low pH values, which increases the Si concentration on the ore surface.     

硅中氧沉淀缺陷类型的控制及其在加工过程中的变化

本文研究了不同退火条件下,硅中氧沉淀缺陷类型的变化。实验结果表明,棒状缺陷和点状缺陷的数量比随低温成核退火时间的增加而减小;对于相同的成核时间,棒状缺陷和点状缺陷的比随成核温度增加开始上升,后来下降。在不同气氛和不同表面复盖情况下退火,发现在表面发生氧化时,缺陷尺寸随距洁净区距离的缩短而增加,而且缺陷尺寸的变化程度与氧化情况有关;在不发生氧化时,体内点状缺陷基本不变。     

弱酸性条件起始合成MUF树脂工艺研究

为了开发一种新的在"弱酸—弱碱—弱酸—弱碱"条件下合成三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)的工艺,对弱酸性条件下起始合成MUF工艺进行研究.探讨了在不同酸性阶段加入的三聚氰胺对脲醛树脂性能的影响,找出最佳的三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂的合成工艺.在最佳工艺基础上,评价三聚氰胺用量对MUF树脂性能的影响以及对胶合板性能的影响,并对MUF树脂和普通脲醛树脂进行红外分析.结果证明:三聚氰胺在甲醛与尿素一次缩聚之后加入,对脲醛树脂改性效果最好,其胶合板湿剪切强度与甲醛释放量之间达到较好平衡,胶合板甲醛释放量为0.63mg/L,湿剪切强度为1.03MPa.红外谱图分析表明:三聚氰胺分子以亚甲基与脲醛树脂分子链相连并有可能嵌入脲醛树脂分子链中,形成一定数量的醚键,使三聚氰胺在脲醛树脂中真正起到骨架作用.