Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的高温稳定性

通过对Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料在1000℃进行长期时效和氧化实验,分别考察了该材料的高温相稳定性和化学稳定性.结果表明,经1000℃长期时效后,Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料中的Cr3C2强化相保持稳定,而基体中则析出一定量的γ相,该相的析出强化了Ni3Al基体,从而使得复合材料的硬度得到进一步提高.Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料具有优良的高温抗氧化性能,其表面形成以α-Al2O3为主的致密氧化膜,在空气中的氧化速率仅为Ni3Al合金的1/2.分析认为,Cr3C2在堆焊过程中发生溶解,导致部分Cr固溶于Ni3Al合金基体中,促进了α-Al2O3的形成,从而改善了复合材料的抗氧化性.Cr3C2具有良好的高温化学稳定性并与Ni3Al基体有较好的氧化协同性,从而可得到基体有力支撑以发挥抵抗磨损的作用.优良的高温稳定性使得Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料适于在1000℃的高温环境下长期服役.     

Al_2O_(3p)/20Cr25Ni20复合材料的高温磨损性能

研究了挤压铸造法制备的Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强20Cr25Ni20耐热钢基复合材料在500℃下的高温磨损性能,并和基体材料20Cr25Ni20及其他几种常用的辊环材料进行对比。结果表明,在比压为7.95MPa时,Al2O3p/20Cr25Ni20复合材料高温耐磨性是基体材料20Cr25Ni20的3.4倍,比Cr16高铬铸铁提高了46%,YG10硬质合金耐磨性最好,是复合材料的6.5倍。基体材料高温磨损后发生塑性流动,切削严重,复合材料中氧化铝陶瓷颗粒作为高温耐磨相发挥出良好的耐磨作用。     

Ni诱导无压浸渗法制备不锈钢/Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料

研究了一种Ni诱导无压浸渗法制备陶瓷基复合材料的方法:通过粉末冶金法制备出含Ni颗粒的Ni/Al2O3复相陶瓷预制体,真空状态下,在1600℃以不锈钢熔体无压浸渗该Ni/Al2O3预制体,获得了不锈钢浸渗增强的Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料。采用SEM观察了结合界面的微观形貌,用EDS分析了结合界面附近元素含量的变化,用XRD分析了界面反应产物,以抗拉试验测试了钢与复相陶瓷体的界面结合强度。结果表明,钢熔体可浸渗到陶瓷体内部并与Ni互溶形成新的Ni-Fe合金;不锈钢与复相陶瓷的结合界面存在界面反应;界面结合强度的最大值可达到67.5MPa。     

Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能

研究了不同工艺制备的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨损性能,结果表明:Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.Cu/Al2O3复合材料的耐磨损性能要优于同样条件下制备的Cu/Cr2O3复合材料.当Al或Cr与Cu形成预合金后而进行原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性优于当未形成预合金粉末原位氧化合成的Cu/Al2O3(Cr2O3)复合材料的耐磨性.     

离心成型法制备Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料及性能表征

用离心成型法制备了Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料,并研究了料浆调制工艺、制备参数和梯度材料的力学性能.结果表明,良好的料浆的最佳流动性配比为粘结剂(聚乙二醇)含量为2 mass%、固相含量为63 vol.%、球磨时间为36 h.经离心成型-真空烧结(1400℃,2 h)可获得致密、组元宏观连续过渡的Al2O3/Ni梯度材料.该复合材料孔隙率低,力学性能好,抗弯强度可达321 MPa.     

泡沫NiCrAl电热合金的制备及其电学性能

通过粉末包埋渗法并经过真空均匀化热处理制备高比表面积的泡沫NiCrAl电热合金,考察了真空均匀化热处理温度对泡沫NiCrAl电热合金中金属元素蒸发的影响,采用SEM和XRD等分析手段,研究了泡沫NiCrAl的成分、结构及其与电阻率的关系.研究结果表明,以泡沫NiCr为基材通过调整渗Al温度及适当的真空均匀化热处理,能获得成分均匀、具有高表观电阻率的泡沫NiCr（20-30）Al（3-9）电热合金.泡沫NiCr渗Al后形成Ni固溶体,Cr,Ni₂Al₃,NiAl和Ni₃Al的多相结构,随着Al含量的增加电阻率降低.经过真空均匀化热处理后,当Al含量很低时,Al固溶在Ni固溶体中,电阻率比泡沫NiCr高且随Al含量增加而上升;当Al质量分数达到约5%时,表观电阻率达最大值;当Al含量更高时,除Ni固溶体外还有Ni₃Al相生成,电阻率又开始降低;Al和Cr含量均较高时,未溶解的Cr沉淀相会显著降低泡沫NiCrAl的电阻率,故泡沫NiCr30Al9不适宜用作电热合金.     

FASHS技术制备TiB2+Ni/Ni3Al/405不锈钢梯度材料

采用电场激活自蔓延高温合成(FASHS)技术制备了TiB2 Ni/Ni3Al/405不锈钢梯度材料.试验中首先将镍粉和铝粉球磨处理以促进燃烧反应发生,然后采用FASHS技术利用自蔓延燃烧反应热连接制备了TiB2 Ni/Ni3Al/405不锈钢梯度材料.用SEM和XRD分析了梯度材料各层的界面微观组织及相组成,用洛氏硬度计、显微硬度计及磨料磨损试验机分析了材料的力学性能、硬度及表面抗磨性.结果表明,金属陶瓷复合层、Ni3Al层和405不锈钢金属片间形成了可靠的冶金结合,金属陶瓷复合材料表面硬度为90HRA,材料的化学成分和显微硬度呈梯度分布,耐磨性优于20Cr渗碳钢.     

1Cr17Ni4不锈钢金属和陶瓷等离子体喷涂工艺研究

1Cr17Ni4马氏体型不锈钢用作传动轴时耐磨损性能有待改善.采用等离子体喷涂方法在1Cr17Ni4马氏体型不锈钢表面制备Al2O3-TiO2 、Cr2O3陶瓷涂层和NiCrAlY金属涂层及NiCrAlY/ Al2O3-TiO2、NiCrAlY/ Cr2O3复合涂层,研究了它们的组织结构和磨损特性,讨论了喷涂工艺与耐磨损性能的关系.结果表明, Cr2O3涂层组织致密度高,与基体结合强度高,其耐磨性能好.提高喷涂功率时,Al2O3-TiO2、Cr2O3涂层致密度及与基体结合强度提高,其耐磨性能提高.合金涂层NiCrAlY的熔化状况和平化效果较陶瓷涂层优良,陶瓷涂层只有在较高喷涂功率时才有较好熔化和平化效果,而合金涂层在较低喷涂功率时,就可以得到较好的熔化和平化效果.陶瓷涂层Al2O3-TiO2、Cr2O3在磨损过程中的去除机制为断裂机制,金属涂层NiCrAlY在磨损过程中的去除机制为塑性变形机制.     

离心成型法制备无宏观界面的Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料

采用一种新颖的离心成型法制备了无宏观界面的Al2O3/Ni功能梯度材料, 并研究了料浆调制工艺、离心成型制备机理和梯度材料的力学性能。结果表明, 配制料浆时,粘结剂(聚乙二醇)含量为2 mass%、固相含量为63vol.%、球磨时间为36h,可得到流动性良好的料浆,经离心成型（40min,转速3000 r/min）得到无宏观界面的坯体,在1400 C真空烧结2 h,最终得到致密、组元宏观连续过渡的Al2O3/Ni梯度材料。通过调整固相含量和粘结剂含量,可调控Al2O3/Ni复合材料的成分梯度。     

Al-Si/Al2O3高温复合相变蓄热材料的研究

以Al-Si共晶合金为相变材料,白刚玉粉为陶瓷基体原料,用混合烧结法制备了Al-Si/Al2O3高温复合相变蓄热材料。通过对复合相变蓄热材料金相显微观察,DSC热分析,蓄热密度和导热系数的计算,结果表明,制备的高温复合相变蓄热材料具有良好的蓄热能力和快速蓄放热能力;对复合材料进行300次热循环试验后,其质量损失为0.84%,潜热值降低4.23%,相变温度略有升高,该复合材料的热稳定性良好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.