过渡金属不对称催化氧杂苯并降冰片烯开环反应的研究进展

综述了近年来过渡金属不对称催化氧杂苯并降冰片烯开环反应的研究进展, 包括钯催化、镍催化、铜催化和铑催化四部分内容, 并对部分反应的机理进行了介绍.     

铑/锌共催化苯酚对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环反应研究

通过研究发现[Rh(COD)Cl]_2/ZnI_2/(2R,4R)-(+)-2,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane作为共催化体系,能有效地催化酚类亲核试剂对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称亲核开环反应,获得较好的收率和良好的对映选择性.在优化后的反应条件下,该共催化体系具有良好的催化活性和底物适应能力,能够实现各种取代的酚类亲核试剂对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环,高效而又经济地合成不同取代的含手性四氢萘结构单元的化合物.     

铑催化酸酐对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环反应研究

过渡金属催化的氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环反应是合成含有四氢化萘骨架结构的有效方法之一,许多传统的亲核试剂被用于该反应中,并取得了一系列优异的结果.酸酐作为常用的酰基化试剂,其对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环反应可以合成许多重要的手性化合物,而该反应目前尚无报道.通过研究发现,离子型Rh(COD)_2BF_4与手性二茂铁类配体(R,S)-PPF-PtBu_2的配合物可以高效地催化酸酐对氧杂苯并降冰片烯的不对称开环反应.在经过一系列的条件优化后,该铑催化体系表现出优秀的催化活性,能够催化含有多种取代基的氧杂苯并降冰片烯与乙酸酐和丙酸酐的不对称开环反应,并取得了最高94%的收率和对映体过量值为95%ee的结果.     

含负氢配体的单核钌催化的降冰片烯开环易位聚合催化研究

设计的含负氢配体的单核钌配合物Ru(p-cymene)HClPCy₃高活性地催化了降冰片烯开环易位聚合反应(ROMP), 并通过设计的Ru(p-cymene)H₂PCy₃对降冰片烯的催化活性研究证明了单核催化剂需同时含有氯原子配体, 提出了反应机理.     

降冰片烯开环易位聚合反应的分子量及分子量分布控制

使用Grubbs催化剂催化降冰片烯单体进行开环易位聚合反应, 研究了催化剂搅拌溶解时间、聚合反应的溶剂极性和三苯基膦的加入等反应条件对降冰片烯单体ROMP反应分子量及分子量分布的影响, 从而得到降冰片烯ROMP反应的最佳条件.     

多官能团化的1,5-苯并二氮杂■类化合物的绿色合成

1,5-苯并二氮杂■类化合物是一类具有重要生物或药理活性的七元氮杂环化合物,酯基、羧基、酰基、芳基等均是其活性基团.在室温(25℃)下以醛羰基化合物或二羰基化合物、3-丁炔-2-酮、取代的邻苯二胺为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,磁性纳米铁酸钴(CoFe₂O₄)为催化剂/无催化剂条件下三组分串联反应一锅绿色合成34种COR、COOR或COOH取代的1,5-苯并二氮杂■类化合物,产率最高可达90%,并提出了催化串联合成反应机理.该串联反应历经迈克尔加成反应、亲核加成反应、脱水反应、分子内的亚胺-烯胺环合反应、质子转移等反应过程,一个反应体系内合成了多官能团化的1,5-苯并二氮杂■化合物,实现了温和条件下,一个反应体系中在苯并二氮杂■的七元环上同时引入活性的酰基、酯基或羧基等多个活性基团.该方法的优势在于合成方法新颖、原子经济、目标化合物产率及选择性较高,实现了反应过程的绿色化,为绿色合成苯并氮杂■类化合物提供了新思路.     

钌催化降冰片烯开环移位聚合的研究

CpRuCl(PPh~3)~2/O~2和CH~3OCH~2CH~2CpRuCl(PPh~3)~2/O~2体系对降冰片(NBE)开环移位聚合(ROMP)有活性,降冰片烯的转化率和聚降冰片烯主链双键顺反比与气氛催化剂摩尔比及催化剂本身性质有关。在实验的基础上提出了钌催化降冰片烯开环移位聚合的可能机理。     

过渡金属催化氮杂二环烯烃不对称开环反应的研究进展

综述了近年来过渡金属催化氮杂二环烯烃的开环反应的研究进展,重点讨论了过渡金属催化剂的种类、亲核试剂的类型、配体、底物氮杂二环烯烃及其衍生物的结构、溶剂和添加剂等因素对开环反应的影响,并对开环反应的可能的机理进行了讨论.     

茂钛/MAO催化体系进行降冰片烯聚合的研究

以降冰片烯为例的环状烯烃的聚合方式主要有两种 :( A) Vinyl-type polymerization;( B) Ring-Opening Polymerization　　 80年代中期以前 ,环烯烃聚合研究主要集中在开环易位聚合 (ROMP)反应 [1] .Kaminsky[2 ] 首次以[En(Ind) 2 Zr Cl2 ]/MAO等为催化剂进行降冰片烯的聚合 ,获得了熔点极高 (高于其 40 0℃的分解温度 )的大分子量加成结构的聚合物 .研究结果表明 ,具有 C2 和 Cs对称性的茂锆催化体系能高活性地得到降冰片烯加成聚合物 [3,4 ] ,但是这些由茂锆催化体系合成的降冰片烯聚合物不溶于有机溶剂 ,难以进行精确定量的结…     

后过渡金属催化降冰片烯加成聚合

综述了后过渡金属催化剂催化降冰片烯加成聚合的研究进展。主要介绍了Ni、Pd、Co三种金属催化剂各自的结构以及其催化降冰片烯聚合的特点,同时也阐述了Ni、Pd催化剂催化降冰片烯聚合的机理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.