The Graphical Analysis for Maintenance Management Method: A Quantitative Graphical Analysis to Support Maintenance Management Decision Making

This article proposes a logical support tool for maintenance management decision making. This tool is called the Graphical Analysis for Maintenance Management (GAMM), a method to visualize and analyze equipment dependability data in a graphical form. The method helps for a quick and clear analysis and interpretation of equipment maintenance (corrective and preventive) and operational stoppages. Then, opportunities can be identified to improve both operations and maintenance management (short–medium term) and potential investments (medium–long term). The method allows an easy visualization of parameters, such as the number of corrective actions between preventive maintenance, the accumulation of failures in short periods of time, and the duration of maintenance activities and sequence of stops of short duration. In addition, this tool allows identifying, a priori, anomalous behavior of equipment, whether derived from its own function, maintenance activities, misuse, or even equipment designs errors. In this method, we used a nonparametric estimator of the reliability function as a basis for the analysis. This estimator takes into account equipment historical data (total or partial) and can provide valuable insights to the analyst even with few available data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

UO2芯块运输容器核临界安全分析

目的 在开展二氧化铀（UO₂）芯块运输容器设计时,应进行临界安全分析,优化容器设计,并通过得出的临界安全指数（CSI）限定可运输货包的数量,确保在任何可信的运输情景下的核临界安全。方法 文中采用蒙特卡罗软件SuperMC对符合要求的国际临界安全手册中6类49个基准实验案例进行建模计算,获得本案例的次临界上限值,再基于运输容器经受正常运输条件与运输事故条件试验的结果,计算得出正常运输条件与运输事故条件下的单货包与货包阵列的最大中子增殖系数keff值。结果 该案例的次临界限值（USL）为0.91974;UO₂芯块运输容器在正常运输条件与运输事故条件下单货包的最大keff值分别为0.286 08,无限阵列货包的最大keff值为0.798 34。结论 UO₂芯块运输容器在正常运输条件与运输事故条件下的最大keff值均小于0.919 74,临界安全指数为0,容器设计临界安全性能可确保可运输安全。     

Human Factors Effects and Analysis in Maintenance: A Power Plant Case Study

This paper proposes a methodical approach for identifying and reducing human error in maintenance activities, the human factors effect and analysis. Human factors effect and analysis presents a roadmap for selecting significant human factors affecting maintenance management as well as the most effective solutions using cost–benefit analysis. Safety and operational consequences of each human factor are compared to preventive and recovery risk controls to select the preferred risk control method. Because human factor programs are not implemented in many maintenance departments, quantitative data are rare. Thus, expert judgment may help to compare potential solutions. In order to show the applicability of the proposed approach a power plant in Kenya is selected as a case study. Procedure usage, fatigue, knowledge and experience, and time pressure are identified as the most important human factors. Training, task planning /shift management, knowledge management, scheduling as well as incident report programs are the most cost‐effective solutions for performing human factors program. The proposed approach would improve system reliability by recognizing human related failures. Furthermore, unexpected incident and accident may be reduced having knowledge about potential risk factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Risk‐based Approach to Managing Performance‐based Maintenance Contracts

The global trend towards performance‐based maintenance contracting has presented new challenges to maintenance service providers as they are compensated or penalized based on performance outcomes instead of time and materials consumed during maintenance service. The problem becomes more complex when uncertainties exist in reliability performance and maintenance activities of technical systems. In this paper, a general framework for managing performance‐based maintenance contract under risks is proposed. We illustrate our approach with an application in a multi‐echelon multi‐system spare parts control problem. Several different performance measures are considered and a probabilistic constrained optimization problem is formulated from the perspective of the service provider. Hybrid simulation/analytic heuristics are proposed to solve the problem based on the monotonic properties of performance measures. This approach is flexible and can be applied to a wide range of problems with similar properties. Numerical example shows that the probability of violating performance requirements is high if the risk is overlooked. We also provide guidelines on how to apply this approach in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Methodology for Developing Maintenance Policy for Automated Manufacturing Plants

ｉｃｙ ｆｏｒ Ａｕｔｏｍａｔｅｄ Ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ ＰｌａｎｔｓTX１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｓｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅｓｏｆｍｅｃｈａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ａｕｔ...     

维修工程管理研究与发展综述

综述了近几十年来维修工程管理的研究与发展，如人工智能、故障诊断、机器状态监测技术(如振动分析、红外检测、热录像仪等)、预测和预防性维修(PPM)、全员生产维修(TPM)和主动性维修(PM)等，论述了综合应用机器实时状态监测与故障诊断、人工智能、计算机通讯技术以及先进的维修管理理念的集成质量控制与维修系统，最后提出一种目前世界领先的远程智能维修系统。内容包括：实践应用中的维修管理评估、智能和集成维修管理、状态监测维修中的智能预测决策支持系统(IPDSS)、设备状况衰退趋势预测——人工神经网络方法、IPDSS支持的维修管理、故障诊断中的人工智能应用、基于可靠性的预防性维修安排和远程智能维修系统。     

Modeling and Analysis of Complex Equipment Maintenance Dynamics

An equipment maintenance system is naturally a complex dynamical system. The effective mamanagement must be based on the knowledge of the system＇s intrinsic dynamics. And the strueture of the maintenance system determines its behavior. This paper analyzes the basic structures and elements of a maintenance system for complex multi-components equipment. The maintenance system is considered as a dynamic system whose behavior is influenced by its structure＇s feedback and interaction, and the system＇s available resources. Building the dynamical model with Simulink, we show some results about the maintenance system＇s nonlinear dynamics, ods. The model can be used for understanding and which operational adjustments of maintenance which are never given by stochastic process methdetermining maintenance system behavior, towards n of maintenance requirements and timely supply of maintenance resources can be made in a more informed way.     

A Study on Maintenance Management and Maintenance Decision-Making Methods

By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the main popular maintenance modes,this paper analyses the relationship between maintenance modes, and gives a model of maintenance decision-making. The model can be used in enterprises to minimize life cycle cost (LCC).     

面向环境的设备维护管理与再制造工程集成模式

在分析再制造工程与设备维护管理的理论体系及二者关系的基础上,从有效利用资源、提升设备的使用效能的角度出发,运用质量功能展开(Quality Function Display,简称QFD)方法,提出了一种面向环境需求的设备维护管理和再制造工程的集成模式。     

Modern Maintenance Strategy of Electronic Equipment in Complex Electromechanical System

In this paper, the failure mechanism of electronic equipment was analysed. Aiming at the limitation of traditional maintenance modes, modern maintenance strategy was put forward on the basis of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) combined with condition-based maintenance (CBM)and maintenance efficiency review (MER). A maintenance management information system was constructed for electronic equipment for the purpose of failure analysis, reliability evaluation, and maintenance decisions such as time, mode, and plan. The best maintenance time could be predicted with failure analysis and reliability evaluation, which was mainly influenced by environmental stress. Suitable maintenance modes should be determined from equipment importance, failure aftereffect, maintenance condition, and economical power so as to ensure equipment reliability and decrease the requirement of the maintenance source.     

Study on the Methods of Equipment Maintenance Management

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆＥｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔＭａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＧａｏＰｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇＱｉｎｇｄａｏＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＱｉｎｇｄａｏ２６６０７１，Ｐ．Ｒ．ＣｈｉｎａＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｈｉｓｔｈｅｓｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓ...     

Reliability‐based Optimal Maintenance Scheduling by Considering Maintenance Effect to Reduce Cost

A new reliability‐based optimal maintenance scheduling method is presented that considers the effect of maintenance in reducing costs. An ordering list of element maintenance effects with various maintenance‐interval types is constructed. By means of this ordering list, reliability‐based optimal maintenance scheduling for simple reliability structures and composite reliability systems is then carried out. The properties of the proposed method, such as the evaluation of maintenance cost reduction, the simplicity of the proposed method by sacrificing system availability within the allowance method, the operation decision based on the optimal maintenance schedule, etc., are discussed. With simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水力发电设备检修计划管理研究

分析了目前电厂检修计划管理中存在的问题,提出了一个全面的解决方案,并对方案中的核心部分进行了理论上的探讨.方案的目的在于改进检修计划管理的方式,减轻管理工作强度,提高工作效率,从而缩短检修工期和降低检修成本.     

Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Policy for Complex Systems Based on Bayesian Networks

The main challenge in maintenance planning lies in the realistic modeling of the maintenance policy. This paper is focused on the maintenance optimization of complex repairable systems using Bayesian networks. A new policy is developed for periodic imperfect preventive maintenance policy with minimal repair at failure; this policy allows us to take into consideration several types of preventive maintenance with different efficiency levels. The Bayesian networks are used for complex system modeling, allowing the evaluation of the model parameters. The Weibull parameters and the maintenance efficiency are evaluated thanks to the proposed methodology using Bayesian inference. The approach developed in this paper is applied on a real system, to determine the optimal maintenance plan for a turbo‐pump in oil industry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the Improvement Methods for Equipment Maintenance Support

According to military requirement, and based on the problems of equipment maintenance support methods in high-tech battles, each element supporting equipment maintenance is analyzed, and the methods for improving equipment maintenance are proposed.     

Reliability Analysis and Condition‐based Maintenance for Failure Processes with Degradation‐dependent Hard Failure Threshold

In this study, we introduce reliability models for a device with two dependent failure processes: soft failure due to degradation and hard failure due to random shocks, by considering the declining hard failure threshold according to changes in degradation. Owing to the nature of degradation for complex devices such as microelectromechanical systems, a degraded system is more vulnerable to force and stress during operation. We address two different scenarios of the changing hard failure threshold due to changes in degradation. In Case 1, the initial hard failure threshold value reduces to a lower level as soon as the overall degradation reaches a critical value. In Case 2, the hard failure threshold decreases gradually and the amount of reduction is proportional to the change in degradation. A condition‐based maintenance model derived from a failure limit policy is presented to ensure that a device is functioning under a certain level of degradation. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to explain the developed reliability and maintenance models, along with sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Case Study of GAMM (Graphical Analysis for Maintenance Management) Applied to Water Pumps in a Sewage Treatment Plant,Chile

This article presents a case for practical application of the GAMM method, which has been developed and published by the authors. The GAMM method supports decision making in the overall maintenance management, through the visualization and graphical analysis of data. In addition, it allows for the identification of anomalous behavior in the equipment analyzed, whether derived from its own operations, maintenance activities, improper use of equipment or even as a result of design errors in the equipment itself. As a basis for analysis, the GAMM method uses a nonparametric estimator of the reliability function using all historical data or, alternatively, part of the history, allowing it to perform an analysis even with limited available data. In the case study presented, the GAMM method has been used to analyze two existing equipment parts in a sewage treatment plant located in Chile. The equipment analyzed were two progressive cavity pumps (BCP) which are part of the industrial process in the treatment plant. Both pumps are the same make and model and subjected to the same maintenance program, but one had a higher failure rate compared to its counterpart. The application of the GAMM method has identified deficiencies in each of the pumps being studied, thus improving decision‐making and problem‐solving process related to the maintenance of the pumps. RCM methodology was used to draft a new maintenance plan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Maintenance Strategies and Failure‐Cost Model for Medical Equipment

This paper proposes a mathematical maintenance model that analyses the effect of maintenance on the survival probability of medical equipment based on maintenance history and age of the equipment. The proposed model is simulated in Scilab using real data extracted from maintenance history of anaesthesia machine from Draeger. The analysis using survival approach reveals that conducting preventive maintenance on the selected medical equipment had a positive impact on survival of equipment. The model is then used to analyse the cost of maintenance scenarios, and an appropriate scenario is proposed for anaesthesia machine. A new failure‐cost model is developed, which may be used to calculate the number of failures of equipment and the annual maintenance cost. The proposed models may be used as a planning tool for selecting maintenance strategies for various medical equipments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向状态维修的计划系统：维修的策略与战术规划

面向状态的维修策略有其优缺点。它带来经济上的效益，因为它延缓设备的磨损，并由于经常检查而提高了设备的利用率。其缺点则是对维修计划与控制的要求较高。战术规划的任务就是将维修策略付之实施，并将维修成本降至最低。     

A quantitative method for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is commonly used for designing maintenance routines by analysing potential failures, predicting their effect and facilitating preventive action. It is used to make decisions on operational and capital expenditure. The literature has reported that despite its popularity, the FMEA method lacks transparency, repeatability and the ability to continuously improve maintenance routines. In this paper an enhancement to the FMEA method is proposed, which enables the probability of asset failure to be expressed as a function of explanatory variables, such as age, operating conditions or process measurements. The probability of failure and an estimate of the total costs can be used to determine maintenance routines. The procedure facilitates continuous improvement as the dataset builds up. The proposed method is illustrated through two datasets on failures. The first was based on an operating company exploiting a major gas field in the Netherlands. The second was retrieved from the public record and covers degradation occurrences of nuclear power plants in the United States.