Multispectroscopic studies on the interaction of maltol,a food additive,with bovine serum albumin

The interaction between maltol, a food additive, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under simulated physiological conditions was investigated by fluorescence, UV–Vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results suggested that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by maltol was a static procedure forming a maltol–BSA complex. The positive values of enthalpy change and entropy change indicated that hydrophobic interactions played a predominant role in the interaction of maltol with BSA. The competitive experiments of site markers revealed that the binding of maltol to BSA mainly took place in subdomain IIA (Sudlow site I). The binding distance between maltol and BSA was 3.01 nm based on the Förster theory of non-radioactive energy transfer. Moreover, the results of UV–Vis, synchronous fluorescence, CD and FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the microenvironment and the secondary structure of BSA were changed in the presence of maltol.     

荧光光谱法结合分子对接探究pH对姜黄素与牛血清白蛋白结合的影响

目的 采用荧光光谱法结合分子对接探究姜黄素(curcumin,CUR)与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,B SA)在不同pH条件下相互作用。方法 通过荧光光谱法计算结合常数和热力学参数分析CUR对BSA荧光猝灭作用和机制;采用位点Marker和分子对接分析结合位点。结果 CUR与BSA结合形成了复合物,产生内源性荧光猝灭作用,属于静态猝灭。不同pH条件下的结合作用力不同,但结合位点数目均为1。由同步荧光可知,色氨酸残基附近疏水性增强,说明与CUR结合后BSA构象出现了收缩,结合位点靠近色氨酸。位点Marker实验证明pH影响CUR与BSA结合位点,分子对接结果表明, pH 7.4时CUR与BSA的结合位点位于Sudlow’s site I附近。结论 本研究表明pH影响CUR与BSA的结合反应,为CUR的活性保护及蛋白基递送载体研究提供理论支持。     

Interaction of anthocyanins with human serum albumin: Influence of pH and chemical structure on binding

The affinity of anthocyanins for human serum albumin (HSA) was determined by a fluorescence quenching method. The effects of pH and structure of anthocyanins on the binding constants were studied. The constants for binding of anthocyanins to HSA ranged from 1.08 × 10⁵ to 13.2 × 10⁵ M⁻¹. A hydrophobic effect at acidic pH was shown by the relatively high positive entropy values under the conditions studied. Electrostatic interactions, including hydrogen bonding, contributed to the binding at pH 7.4. The effect of structure of anthocyanins on the affinity was pH-dependent, particularly the effect of additional hydroxyl substituents. Hydroxyl substituents and glycosylation of anthocyanins decreased the affinity for binding to HSA at lower pH (especially pH 4), but increased the strength of binding at pH 7.4. In contrast, methylation of a hydroxyl group enhanced the binding at acidic pH, whilst this substitution reduced the strength of binding at pH 7.4. This paper shows that changes in anthocyanin structure or reductions in pH, which may occur in the region of inflammatory sites, have an effect on the binding of anthocyanins to HSA.     

红景天苷与人血清白蛋白相互作用研究

在人体生理酸度(pH7.4)条件下,运用荧光和紫外光谱法研究了红景天苷与人血清白蛋白(HSA)结合作用的光谱特性。结果显示,随着红景天苷浓度的增大,HSA的荧光强度明显增强并且发生蓝移;HSA-红景天苷复合物与红景天苷的紫外差谱及逐渐增大的荧光各向异性,进一步说明红景天苷能够与HSA发生结合作用。由相关荧光数据求得不同温度下HSA-红景天苷复合物的结合常数及结合反应的热力学参数,推断出二者主要是靠氢键和范德华力结合。同步荧光和三维荧光光谱表明,红景天苷与HSA结合后对HSA构象产生了影响。     

Application of molecular modelling and spectroscopic approaches for investigating binding of vanillin to human serum albumin

In the present study, the interaction of vanillin and human serum albumin (HSA) has been characterised by molecular modelling, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. The results of molecular modelling suggested that vanillin was located within the binding pocket of subdomain IIA of HSA mainly by hydrophobic forces. The quenching of HSA fluorescence takes place with a binding constant (K) of 8.8, 7.7, 5.7, 4.2 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ at four different temperatures (288, 298, 308, 318 K), respectively. Meanwhile, the number of binding site (n ≈ 1) was also obtained from fluorescence titration data. The enthalpy change ΔH⁰ and the entropy change ΔS⁰ were calculated to be −20 kJ mol⁻¹ and 5.8 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ according to the Van’t Hoff equation. Furthermore, the alterations of protein secondary structure in the presence of vanillin were explored by FT-IR and CD spectra.     

Probing the heat‐induced structural changes in bovine serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modelling

The fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico methods were used to evaluate the structural changes in bovine serum albumin (BSA) over a temperature range of 25–70 °C for 15 min. Experimental results indicated that the polypeptide chain rearrangements at temperatures higher than 40 °C lead to a lower exposure of hydrophobic residues causing the decrease in fluorescence intensity. The nonlinearity of the phase diagram indicated a sequential denaturation process involving several molecular species. The molecular dynamics simulations at the single‐molecule level showed the high stability of the BSA structure, compensating for the entropic costs associated with the prevalent helical folding.     

Study of the interaction of deoxynivalenol with human serum albumin by spectroscopic technique and molecular modelling

The mechanism of interaction between deoxynivalenol (DON) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied using spectroscopic methods including fluorescence spectra, UV-VIS, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD). The quenching mechanism was investigated in terms of the association constants, number of binding sites and basic thermodynamic parameters. The distance between the HSA donor and the acceptor DON was 2.80?nm as derived from fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The secondary structure compositions of free HSA and its DON complexes were estimated by the FT-IR spectra. Alteration of the secondary protein structure in the presence of DON was confirmed by UV-VIS and CD spectroscopy. Molecular modelling revealed that a DON–protein complex was stabilised by hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding. It was potentially useful for elucidating the toxigenicity of DON when combined with biomolecular function effect, transmembrane transport, toxicological testing and the other experiments.     

分子对接模拟与光谱法研究没食子酸丙酯和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱法、紫外吸收光谱法等方法对没食子酸丙酯（PG）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）之间的相互作用进行了研究。荧光猝灭计算结果表明PG与BSA间的结合作用较强,猝灭机制为静态猝灭,测得其299 K时的结合常数KA为1.03×105L·mol-1,两者的作用距离为1.71 nm。热力学参数计算结果表明PG与BSA相互作用力主要为范德华力与氢键作用力。通过探针分子取代反应确定了PG在BSA上的结合位点是亚级结构域IIA。圆二色谱的测定结果表明PG的结合导致了蛋白中α-螺旋结构的减少以及无规则卷曲的增加。本文最后通过计算机模拟分子Dock的方法模拟出了PG与BSA的结合构象,所得到的结合参数与之前的计算结果相符。      

光谱法研究高良姜素与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光猝灭、同步荧光、三维荧光和圆二色谱,研究高良姜素与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用。结果表明:高良姜素对HSA有较强的荧光猝灭作用,且为静态猝灭,结合过程中氢键和范德华力起主要作用。不同温度下二者的结合常数(K_a)与结合位点数(n)分别为1.26×10~6L/mol、1.17(290.15 K),4.34×10~5L/mol、1.09(296.15 K),1.23×10~5L/mol、1.00(303.15 K),9.87×10~4L/mol、0.99(310.15 K)。同步荧光、三维荧光和圆二色谱显示高良姜素与HSA作用时更靠近色氨酸残基,使其周围的疏水性减弱,而对蛋白构象影响较小。      

基于毛细管电泳的双酚E与血清白蛋白行为成像

目的 建立双酚E（BPE）与血清白蛋白相互作用快速评价方法,为双酚类化合物毒理效应研究提供有益参考。方法 使用毛细管电泳仪,应用外标Hummel-Dreyer（HD）法,测定了体外环境中BPE与血清白蛋白相互作用电泳图。采用非线性方程、Scatchard方程和Klotz方程三种函数形式分析实验数据,获得体系的相互作用参数。结果 三种不同函数形式所得到的拟合参数具有较高的一致性。BPE与血清白蛋白结合比约为2,相互作用参数表明牛血清白蛋白及人血清白蛋白的结合反应存在相似的结合位点数,且结合稳定。不同白蛋白与BPE的相互作用相似,均为非共价相互作用。结论 外标HD法作为一种简便有效的方法可以快速评价蛋白质-污染物相互作用相关问题。BPE与不同血清白蛋白具有相似的温和相互作用,这提示双酚类化合物在人体中和牛中可能具有类似的污染分布规律。     

光谱法研究绿原酸和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

为了解绿原酸和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用,在模拟动物生理条件下,采用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱结合Stern-Volmer方程、double-reciprocal方程和热力学公式来研究绿原酸与牛血清白蛋白相互作用特征。结果表明:绿原酸和牛血清白蛋白在298K和310K两个温度下的结合常数分别为1.869×105L·mol-1和1.574×105L·mol-1;结合位点分别为1.18和1.16;且热力学参数ΔH0、ΔS0、ΔG0;结合距离小于7nm。因此,绿原酸对牛血清白蛋白有较强的荧光静态猝灭作用,符合静态猝灭过程,结合力为疏水作用。     

Study on the interaction of food colourant quinoline yellow with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic techniques

The interaction of a food colourant, quinoline yellow (Qy), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, FT-IR and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. The experimental results indicated that the quenching mechanism of BSA by the dye was a static procedure. Various binding parameters were evaluated. The negative value of ΔH, negative value of ΔS and the negative value of ΔG indicated that van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding play major roles in the binding of Qy and BSA. Based on Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance, r, between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (Qy) was evaluated. The results of CD and UV-vis spectroscopy showed that this dye could bind to BSA and the conformation of BSA changed.     

Folic acid complexes with human and bovine serum albumins

The interaction of folic acid with human serum (HSA) and bovine serum albumins (BSA) at physiological conditions, using constant protein concentration and various folic acid contents was investigated. FTIR, UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modelling were used to analyse folic acid binding sites, the binding constant and the effect on HSA and BSA stability and conformations. Structural analysis showed that folic acid binds HSA and BSA via both hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts with overall binding constants of K_{folic acid–HSA} = 8.1 (±0.5) × 10⁴ M⁻¹ and K_{folic acid–BSA} = 1.0 (±0.3) × 10⁵ M⁻¹. The number of bound acid molecules per protein was 1.7 (±0.4) for HSA and 1.5 (±0.3) for BSA complexes. Molecular modelling showed participation of several amino acids in folic acid–protein complexes stabilised by hydrogen bonding network. Folic acid complexation altered protein secondary structure by major reduction of α-helix from 59% (free HSA) to 35% (acid-complex) and 62% (free BSA) to 25% (acid-complex) with an increase in random coil, turn and β-sheet structures indicating protein unfolding. The results suggest that serum albumins might act as carrier proteins for folic acid in delivering it to target molecules.     

Structure-affinity relationship of bovine serum albumin with dietary flavonoids with different C-ring substituents in the presence of Fe ion

The relationship of four dietary flavonoids, quercein (QU), luteolin (LU), taxifolin (TA) and (+)-catechin (CA), with different C-ring substituents binding with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated in the absence and presence of Fe³⁺ by means of spectroscopic methods. The quenching constant (K_SV), binding constant (K_a), binding site number (n) and spatial-distance (r) of flavonoids with BSA were calculated. The results indicated that hydroxyl group at 3-position and C2–C3 double bond affected the binding affinities between flavonoids and BSA. The values of the binding affinities were in the order: QU > CA > TA > LU. The presence of Fe³⁺ affected the interactions between flavonoids and BSA significantly, and the influence was distinct for the flavonoids with different C-ring structures. The binding affinities of QU, LU and CA for BSA were increased about 0.85%, 41.3% and 56.8% in the presence of Fe³⁺, probably because of the formation of QU–Fe³⁺–BSA complex, Fe³⁺–LU complex and the conformational change of BSA induced by Fe³⁺, respectively. The binding affinities of TA for BSA were decreased about 20.7%, mainly because of the existence of competitive binding between TA and Fe³⁺ with BSA. However, the quenching mechanism for QU, LU, TA and CA to BSA were based on static quenching combined with non-radiative energy transfer irrespective of the absence or presence of Fe³⁺ ion.     

Protective effect of areca inflorescence extract on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage to human serum albumin

The protective effect of 3 areca inflorescence extracts (boiling water extract, ambient temperature water extract and ethanol extract) on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage to human serum albumin was investigated by comparing with Trolox, the water soluble vitamin E. Protein carbonyl groups, protein hydroperoxides,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and total phenolic content were examined. The results showed that boiling water extract had the most protective effect on human serum albumin damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, comparable to Trolox, followed by the room ambient temperature water extract and ethanol extract. The total phenolic content of boiling water extract, ambient temperature water extract, and ethanol extract was 1.949 ± 0.003, 1.842 ± 0.001 and 0.983 ± 0.011 mg gallic acid equivalent/ml extract, respectively, and six phenolic compositions such as gallic acid, coumalic acid, epicatechin, fumalic acid, naringenin and rutin have been found in these areca inflorescence extracts. These data suggest that areca inflorescence is a new source of natural antioxidants.     

Multispectroscopic studies on the interaction of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a food additive,with bovine serum albumin

The interaction of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, circular dichroism (CD) and FT-IR techniques. The experimental results indicated that the quenching mechanism of BSA by TBHQ was a static procedure. Various binding parameters were evaluated. The negative value of ΔH, positive value of ΔS and the negative value of ΔG indicated that hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions play major roles in the binding of TBHQ and BSA. Based on Forster’s theory of non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance, r, between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (TBHQ) was evaluated. The results of CD, UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the binding of TBHQ to BSA induced conformational changes in BSA.     

牛血清蛋白的超滤提取工艺研究

采用超滤技术提取牛血中的血清蛋白,主要研究了超滤液温度、超滤压力、超滤液pH和超滤时间对牛血清蛋白提取时膜通量、提取率和得率的影响。实验结果表明,超滤技术可应用于牛血清蛋白的提取,其最佳提取工艺参数为超滤液温度30℃,超滤压力0.1MPa,超滤液pH6.5,超滤时间20min,在此提取工艺参数条件下提取牛血清蛋白时,膜通量达54.58L/m2.h,牛血清蛋白提取率达98.13%,得率达24.09g/L。     

利用血清筛选和模拟胃肠液消化稳定性试验评价植物源重组人血清白蛋白潜在致敏性

目的 利用血清筛选试验和模拟胃肠液消化稳定性试验,探讨植物源重组人血清白蛋白(OsrHSA)是否具有潜在致敏性。方法 选择对虾、小麦、屋尘螨、鸡蛋、牛奶过敏,特异性IgE抗体浓度大于3.5 kUA/L的患者血清75份和健康人血清4份,利用酶联免疫吸附试验探讨OsrHSA能否与过敏血清中的过敏原特异性IgE抗体结合;按照国家标准《转基因生物及其产品食用安全检测模拟胃肠液外源蛋白质消化稳定性试验方法》进行OsrHSA的模拟胃肠液消化稳定性试验,评估OsrHSA的消化稳定性。结果 有3份对牛奶过敏的血清与OsrHSA发生免疫交叉反应,该蛋白与牛奶过敏原可能存在抗原交叉性;OsrHSA在模拟胃肠液中15 s内即被消化完全,表明该蛋白极易被消化。结论 OsrHSA的潜在致敏性较低,对牛奶过敏的人群需要慎重使用。     

Spectroscopic investigation on the interaction of 3,7-dihydroxyflavone with different isomers of human serum albumin

The interaction mechanism of 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (3,7-diHF) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence quenching, fluorescence enhancement, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission and UV-vis absorption spectrometry. The binding site of 3,7-diHF on protein was determined by investigating the spectroscopic properties of 3,7-diHF-HSA complex at pH 7.4 and pH 3.5 individually, and confirmed by the site marker competitive experiments. The binding parameters of 3,7-diHF-HSA complex were estimated by fluorescence quenching experiments, and the data were in good agreement with the results obtained from fluorescence enhancement measurements. A remarkable increase in the fluorescence anisotropy values suggested that 3,7-diHF bound at a motional restricted pocket on HSA. The results indicated that 3,7-diHF, in anionic form, was bound within the hydrophobic pockets of the subdomain IIA of HSA (site I), and stabilised mainly by electrostatic force and ionic interactions. The binding mode of drug-protein was discussed based on above experimental results.     

In vitro studies on the effect of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate on serum albumin

Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate was found to influence the thermal and fluorescence profile of serum albumin in vitro , indicating the possibility of protein-detergent interaction in the skin irritancy of detergents.