N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖/聚砜复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以聚砜(PsF)超滤膜为基膜、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(NOCC)水溶液为活性层铸膜液、戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,采用涂敷和交联的方法制备了复合纳滤膜.测试了膜表面的流动电势(E)随操作压力(△P)的变化,实验结果表明在电解质溶液中,NOCC/PSF复合NF膜表面荷负电.对其结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究了有机小分子添加剂对复合膜截留性能的影响.NOCC/PSF复合NF膜对几种无机盐的截留顺序为Na2S04＞NaCl＞MgSOa＞MgCl2,呈现出荷负电纳滤膜的截留特征.     

荷正电季铵化壳聚糖/聚醚酰亚胺复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以无纺布增强具有耐溶剂、耐热特性的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)超滤(UF)膜为支撑层,具有荷正电性和良好成膜性的2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HACC)为功能层,制备了一种荷正电HACC/PEI复合纳滤(NF)膜。考察了聚合物浓度、反应时间、交联剂浓度及交联温度等对所制备的复合纳滤膜性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了该复合纳滤膜的表面形貌。结果表明:最佳制备条件下得到的HACC/PEI复合纳滤膜在0.3 MPa、20℃下对MgCl2具有较好的分离效果,其通量和截留率分别为10.9 L/(m2·h)和83.1%;另外,HACC/PEI复合纳滤膜呈现典型的荷正电特征,对二价无机盐具有较高的截留率。     

新型季铵化壳聚糖/聚丙烯腈(PAN)复合纳滤膜的制备及其截留性能研究

以聚丙烯腈超滤膜为支撑底膜,2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖水溶液为表面活性层的铸膜液,以丙三醇缩水甘油醚为交联剂,制备了季铵化壳聚糖/PAN荷正电复合纳滤膜,并确定了最佳的制膜条件.该复合膜很明显由两层组成,上层是较薄且致密的壳聚糖季铵盐表层,下层是非对称的多孔聚丙烯腈支撑层.复合膜的纯水渗透系数为16.6 L/(h·m2·MPa),对不同类型的无机盐呈现不同的截留规律.该膜对钙、镁高价阳离子有很高截留率,可望用于脱钙和镁及水的软化.     

混酐交联壳聚糖与三甲基一烯氯化铵共聚物/聚丙烯腈荷正电复合纳滤膜的研制及截留性能

以壳聚糖与三甲基一烯氯化铵共聚物(GCTACC)的水溶液为铸膜液,采用流延的方式,与聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜复合,与己二酸和乙酸酐混合酸酐的丙酮溶液进行交联,从而制备了壳聚糖与三甲基一烯基氯化铵共聚物复合阳离子型纳滤膜.本文讨论交联剂浓度、交联时间、干燥时间等因素的影响,采用单因素实验法确定了最佳的制膜条件:1.0wt%壳聚糖与三甲基一烯氯化铵接枝共聚物溶液,50℃下干燥2h,交联介质为在乙酸酐、己二酸和丙酮的质量比为0.06∶1.8∶75时,50℃下交联20h,50℃下热处理20min.通过电镜扫描对膜形貌进行表征以及利用原子力显微镜对膜表面的粗糙情况进行了观察.该复合膜的均方粗糙度为7.7±0.76×103 nm.在操作压力为1.0MPa,料液流速为30L/h下,通过测定对浓度为1000mg/L葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇(600～1000)的截留率,得到该膜截留分子量为900左右(纳滤范围内).并且,对该复合膜的截留性能进行了测试,分别探讨了操作压力、料液流速、料液类型等因素与膜性能的关系.其中,对不同类型无机盐的截留顺序为:MgCl2＞MgSO4＞KCl＞NaCl＞Na2SO4＞K2SO4,呈现荷正电纳滤膜的截留特性.     

壳聚糖／聚丙烯酸钠聚离子复合膜的醇－水渗透汽化分离性能

研究了壳聚糖－醋酸溶液与聚丙烯酸钠溶液形成的复合膜用于水－乙醇混合物的渗透汽化分离，在膜组成Ｃ＝０．８０时，分离系数出现最大值，对异丙醇－水体系的分离系数为∞。溶解－扩散过程对渗透汽化过程起着重大作用。由－ＮＨ＋３…ＯＯＣ－交联的聚离子复合膜对醇－水体系具有稳定的分离性能。     

混酐交联壳聚糖与三甲基-烯氯化铵共聚物／聚丙烯腈荷正电复合纳滤膜的研制及截留性能

以壳聚糖与三甲基一烯氯化铵共聚物(GCTACC)的水溶液为铸膜液,采用流延的方式,与聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜复合,与己二酸和乙酸酐混合酸酐的丙酮溶液进行交联,从而制备了壳聚糖与三甲基一烯基氯化铵共聚物复合阳离子型纳滤膜。本文讨论交联剂浓度、交联时间、干燥时间等因素的影响,采用单因素实验法确定了最佳的制膜条件:1.0wt%壳聚糖与三甲基一烯氯化铵接枝共聚物溶液,50℃下干燥2h,交联介质为在乙酸酐、己二酸和丙酮的质量比为0.06:1.8:75时,50℃下交联20h,50℃下热处理20min。通过电镜扫描对膜形貌进行表征以及利用原子力显微镜对膜表面的粗糙情况进行了观察。该复合膜的均方粗糙度为7.7±0.76×103nm。在操作压力为1.0MPa,料液流速为30L/h下,通过测定对浓度为1000mg/L葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚乙二醇(600～1000)的截留率,得到该膜截留分子量为900左右(纳滤范围内)。并且,对该复合膜的截留性能进行了测试,分别探讨了操作压力、料液流速、料液类型等因素与膜性能的关系。其中,对不同类型无机盐的截留顺序为:MgCl2>MgSO4>KCl>NaCl>Na2SO4>K2SO4,呈现荷正电纳滤膜的截留特性。     

磺化聚醚酮复合纳滤膜的制备

以含酞侧基聚芳醚酮（PEK—C）超滤膜为底膜,以磺化聚芳醚酮（SPEK—C）为复合膜涂层的功能材料制备了复合纳滤膜,研究了制备条件,包括SPEK—C含量、磺化度、固化温度和时间对复合纳滤膜性能的影响,还考察了该复合纳滤膜对不同无机盐的分离性能以及耐热性能。     

MPPO/talc复合材料制备及其性能研究

用偶联剂对滑石粉（talc）进行表面处理后，与改性聚苯醚（MPPOM115及NorylSE100）树脂进行共混改性，结果表明对拉伸强度有一定的增强作用，冲击性能有所降低，其它力学性能较均衡，保持了良好的电绝缘性，提高了MPPO的热变形温度（HDT）。在相同的流变性试验条件下，M115／tslc共混物的表观粘度（η_a）大于SE100／talc共混物的η_a，二者均具有可加工性，SE100／talc的加工性优于M115／talc。由扫描电镜观察到MPPO／talc共混物的结构形态，树脂与填料界面粘接良好，还表明talc粒径的细微化，能提高复合材料的强度和韧性。     

聚芳醚砜酮复合膜浓缩回收环丁砜初探

以含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)为基膜、均苯三甲酰氯为有机相单体、哌嗪与间苯二胺为水相单体通过界面聚合工艺制备了复合膜,研究了不同操作条件下复合膜对环丁砜水溶液的分离浓缩效果,考察了复合膜运行的稳定性与2次浓缩效果.结果表明,在50℃,1.8MPa下聚芳酰胺聚芳醚砜酮复合膜2次浓缩质量浓度10g·L~(-1)的环丁砜溶液,混合浓缩液环丁砜的质量浓度在28～36 g·L~(-1),透过液环丁砜的质量浓度为0.2 g·L~(-1),且13周静态及24 h连续分离操作性能稳定.     

PUA/MMT复合材料的制备与研究

采用硝酸锌、烯丙基三苯基溴化磷(APB)为插层剂对蒙脱土(MMT)进行无机-有机复合改性,实现对MMT的改性.利用改性后的MMT制备了丙烯酸酯类聚氨酯(PUA)/MMT复合材料.研究了PUA/MMT复合材料的结构和性能.结果表明,改性MMT加入后,PUA/MMT复合材料的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度得到提高,但拉伸强度随着改性MMT含量的增加先升高后降低.以金黄色葡萄球菌为研究对象对改性MMT和PUA/MMT复合材料进行抗菌定性测试,结果表明,PUA/MMT复合材料的抗菌性能不明显,但改性MMT具有较好的抗菌性能.     

海藻酸钠/聚砜复合纳滤膜的制备与性能研究

以海藻酸钠(SA)水溶液为活性层铸膜液,分别以聚砜( PSF)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基膜,采用涂敷、热处理、交联剂交联的方法制备了荷负电复合纳滤膜,考察了海藻酸钠浓度、基膜、交联剂浓度等对膜性能的影响,制膜条件优化结果为,以聚砜超滤膜为基膜,海藻酸钠铸膜液质量分数为3％,交联剂为质量分数0.5％的硫酸和质量分数1％的戊...     

Poly (diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)/sodium‐montmorillonite composite; structure,and adsorption properties

A cationic polyelectrolyte, poly (diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDADMAC) and a smectite‐type layered silicate (sodium activated montmorillonite clay (Sodium‐Montmorillonite, NaMt)), intercalated composites (PDADMAC/NaMt) were prepared. Basal spacings (d001) of NaMt in composites were measured by X‐Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Ultrasonic addition of low molecular weight PDADMAC into the NaMt structure (at very low concentration and very low PDADMAC(g)/NaMt(g) ratios) resulted in good adsorbing properties both for positively and negatively charged dyes. The adsorption kinetics of the prepared composites both for negatively charged [remazol black (RB)] and positively charged [methylene blue (MB)] reactive dyes were investigated. The RB adsorption efficiency of the positively charged composite is approximately three times that of the pure NaMt while its MB adsorption efficiency is as good as that of pure NaMt. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Electrospun poly(2‐aminothiazole)/cellulose acetate fiber membrane for removing Hg(II) from water

Fiber membrane adsorbent not only has the advantage of ease of handling, but also offers high specific surface area that can benefit the adsorption process when compared with powdered adsorbent. In this work, a poly(2‐aminothiazole) (PAT)/cellulose acetate (CA) composite fiber membrane is prepared by a coaxial electrospinning process, and used as adsorbent for removing Hg(II) from water. The adsorption processes are investigated as functions of pH value, contact time and temperature. The results suggest that the Hg(II) adsorption is preferred to be conducted at pH 6.5 and the adsorption is a monolayer process through chemical interaction. The maximum adsorption capacity in theory is 177 mg/g at 298 K with a very low PAT percentage (6.5 wt %), which is much higher than that of the nanoparticle‐type PAT through conversion. Desorption results exhibit excellent reusability of the composite fiber membrane. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44879.     

Preparation,structure, and transport properties of ultrafiltration membranes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC), and PVC/CPVC blends

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC), and PVC/CPVC blends by the phase-inversion method. The physical structure of the membranes was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The fouling characteristics of all the three membranes and acrylamide (AA)-grafted PVC membranes were characterized by ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution over a range of pH and of salt concentrations. Maximum adsorption of the protein on the membrane occurred near the isoelectric point of BSA and in the presence of the salts. The charge on BSA appears to be a dominant factor in determining the fouling. The UF results are explained in terms of nature of the membrane polymer, and effect of different ionic environments on the conformational changes of the protein. The ultrafiltration fluxes are correlated by a model based on the membrane resistance and the time-dependent resistance of the concentration polarization layer of the protein. The values of a mass transfer coefficient and concentration polarization were determined. Zeta potential of the membranes were also determined before and after the UF. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1117–1130, 1999