真菌植物松茸提取物抑制环磷酰胺致突变作用研究

目的:寻找安全有效的抗突变生物资源,为肿瘤预防和降低环磷酰胺的遗传危害提供科学依据.方法:采用修改的Ames试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验,研究松茸提取物AMH对CP致突变作用的影响.结果:Ames试验结果表明,CP具有碱基对置换致突变作用,AMH能显著性抑制CP的致突变作用(P＜0.01),对测试菌株TA100的诱发回变菌落形成抑制率最高为79.9%;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验也表明,AMH能显著性抑制CP对遗传物质的损害,微核形成抑制率达82%.AMH对CP致突变作用的抑制作用存在明显的剂量反应关系.结论:松茸提取物对CP致突变作用具有显著的抑制作用,在肿瘤预防和降低CP的毒副作用方面具有应用前景.     

真菌植物松茸提取物体外抑制2-氨基芴致突变作用研究

目的:寻找安全有效的抗突变生物资源,为肿瘤预防提供科学依据。方法:采用修改的Ames试验,研究真菌植物松茸提取物AMH对强致癌物2-AF致突变作用的影响。结果:AMH能显著性抑制2-AF的致突变作用穴P<0.01雪,对测试菌株TA97、TA98和TAl00的诱发回变菌落形成抑制率最高分别达到96.1%、97.9%和98.8%,AMH可使2-AF的诱发回变菌落数下降至阴性范围。AMH抑制2-AF致突变作用存在明显的剂量反应关系。结论:松茸提取物AMH对2-AF致突变作用具有显著的抑制作用,具有抗突变作用,在肿瘤预防方面具有应用前景。     

20种中药炒炭前后苯并(a)芘的含量测定

首次对20种单味和复方炭药及其生品共同的强致癌成分-B(a)P进行了定量分析,其中炒炭后B(a)P含量增高者6种,仅占30%,而降低者14种,占70%,提示炭药及其生品如使用恰当,不具致癌危险。同时还对影响B(a)P的因素及工艺进行了探讨。     

松馏油及其提取物中苯并（a）芘的含量测定

本文采用纸上层析荧光扫描法测定松馏油及其提取物A、B中苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]的含量。样品经索氏提取器提取后,再以咖啡因-甲酸提取液提取,经乙酰化滤纸纸层析分离,用荧光薄层扫描法测定各样品中B(a)P的含量。结果表明,松馏油及其提取物A、B中B(a)P的含量分别为6171.3、2285.2、129.6ppb,其中以松馏油提取物B中B(a)P的含量最低。     

白花蛇舌草总黄酮对苯并(a)芘致实体瘤小鼠IL-2和IL-6的影响

目的:通过I L-2、I L-6的测定,探索白花蛇舌草总黄酮抑制肿瘤的机理及苯并(a)芘对机体免疫功能的影响。方法:将SPF级昆明种小鼠60只随机分为对照组20只及苯并(a)芘实验组40只,再将苯并(a)芘实验组随机分为苯并(a)芘10 mg/kg组、苯并(a)芘20 mg/kg组,每组20只,雌雄各半分笼饲养,并以二甲亚砜溶解苯并(a)芘,然后分别以苯并(a)芘10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg,腹腔注射,1次/d,连续注射10次,以DMSO100μL/只腹腔注射作为对照,2个月后将苯并(a)芘10 mg/kg组、苯并(a)芘20 mg/kg组再分为白花蛇舌草总黄酮高、低剂量组2组(乙醇回流法提取白花蛇舌草总黄酮),每组10只,分别给予白花蛇舌草流浸膏20 g/kg、10 g/kg灌胃,每天一次,连续给药2周后取材。采用ELI SA法测定血清中I L-2及I L-6;取肝、脾、肾、胰、胃肠、肺等器官,常规包埋,切片,HE染色,显微镜下观察。结果:I L-2浓度,对照组、苯并(a)芘10 mg/kg组、苯并(a)芘20 mg/kg组分别为(360±15.92)ng/L、(92.59±6.12)ng/L、(83.84±5.89)ng/L,实验组明显低于对照组;蛇草总黄酮高剂量组高于低剂量组。I L-6浓度,对照组为(32.65±5.32)pg/m L,苯并(a)芘10mg/kg组、20 mg/kg组分别为(21.78±4.62)pg/ml、(24.54±9.89)pg/m L,与对照组比较差异无显著性;蛇草总黄酮高、低剂量组比较差异无显著性。苯并(a)芘对肝脏、胃、肾脏有明显损害,癌前病变率与对照组比较均有显著差异;对胃的损害,苯并(a)芘20 mg/kg组明显高于苯并(a)芘10 mg/kg组,呈明显的量效关系;实验组肺脏、胰腺均未见明显损害。结论:实验各组I L-2明显低于对照组,提示苯并(a)芘对机体的细胞免疫有明显抑制作用;苯并(a)芘对肝脏、胃和肾脏均有明显损害;胃癌发生率呈明显的量效关系。白花蛇舌草总黄酮高剂量组I L-2浓度明显高于低剂量组,而I L-6浓度无显著差异,提示白花蛇舌草总黄酮有一定的细胞免疫调节功能,可能通过调节T细胞功能,对抗化疗药物的骨髓抑制而实现。     

高效液相色谱法荧光检测红车轴草提取物中的苯并(α)芘

目的：建立高效液相色谱法荧光检测红车轴草提取物中苯并(α)芘的测定方法。方法：以乙腈-水(70∶30)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,Hypersil C₁₈色谱柱,荧光检测器检测,激发波长(Ex)为368 nm,发射波长(Em)为405 nm。结果：在0.93～37.2 ng·mL^-1内峰面积和浓度呈良好线性关系,样品平均回收率为85.2%(n=9)。结论：本法可以快速、准确地测定红车轴草提取物中的苯并(α)芘。     

五味子提取物对苯并(a)芘暴露后早孕期大鼠胚胎血管内皮生长因子及受体表达的影响

目的:通过分析血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)及胎盘生长因子(PLGF)在妊娠前苯并(a)芘(BaP)暴露致早孕期大鼠胚胎中的表达,探讨Bap对胎盘血管生成的毒性作用,以及五味子提取物改善胚胎血供、促进胎盘血管再生的作用。方法:将75只SD雌鼠随机分为空白对照组、BaP模型组、五味子低剂量组、五味子中剂量组、五味子高剂量组,每组15只。BaP模型组予BaP [2 mg/(kg·d)],五味子低、中、高剂量组分别予低、中、高剂量五味子提取物[40、200、1000 mg/(kg·d)]和BaP [2 mg/(kg·d)],空白对照组予等体积生理盐水。给药15 d后制备孕鼠模型,于妊娠第9天处死孕鼠,酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒(ELISA)检测大鼠胚胎组织中VEGFA、VEGFR1、VEGFR2及PLGF的表达。结果:BaP模型组大鼠胚胎中VEGFA、VEGFR1、VEGFR2及PLGF水平显著低于空白对照组(P0.05或P0.01);五味子高、中、低剂量组大鼠胚胎中VEGFA、VEGFR1、VEGFR2及PLGF水平均高于模型组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论:妊娠前苯并(a)芘暴露可对早孕期大鼠产生胚胎毒性,影响胚胎血供,造成胚胎血管生成障碍;五味子提取物可能是通过改善胚胎血供,修复胎盘血管损伤、促进胎盘血管再生来发挥对胚胎的保护作用。     

五味子提取物对苯并[a]芘暴露致妊娠早期大鼠胚胎损伤的保护作用

目的观察五味子提取物对妊娠期苯并[a]芘(Benzo[a]pyrene,Bap)暴露致早孕期大鼠胚胎损伤的防治作用。方法采用性周期筛选合笼法制备孕鼠模型。将50只SD雌性孕鼠按体重进行随机区组设计分为BaP模型组、五味子低、中、高剂量组和正常对照组,每组10只。BaP模型组予BaP 2 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,五味子低、中、高剂量组分别予五味子提取物40、200、1 000 mg/(kg·d)加BaP 2 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,正常对照组予相同体积的橄榄油,持续灌胃8天。观察大鼠各期体重变化,子宫连胚总质量、卵巢质量并计算脏器指数;统计黄体数、胚胎着床数、吸收胎数并计算着床率和吸收胎率;E LISA法检测大鼠血清绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotrophinβ,β-HCG)及孕酮(progesterone,PROG)水平。结果与正常对照组比较,Bap模型组大鼠孕9天体重、胚胎着床数、子宫连胚总指数、卵巢指数、大鼠血清β-CG及PROG水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);与Bap模型组比较,五味子低、中及高剂量组大鼠体重、子宫连胚总指数及PROG水平增加(P0.05,P0.01),五味子中、高剂量组大鼠卵巢指数及血清β-HCG水平升高(P0.05,P0.01),五味子高剂量组大鼠胚胎着床数明显增高(P0.01)。结论五味子提取物可以降低妊娠期苯并[a]芘暴露对大鼠胚胎及生殖造成的毒性作用。     

益肾通络方对苯并（a）芘致精子DNA损伤模型小鼠睾丸靶基因影响的多组学研究

目的 探讨益肾通络方对精子DNA损伤的影响及可能作用机制。方法 40只ICR小鼠随机分为空白组,模型组和益肾通络方低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。除空白组外其余各组按100 mg/（kg·d）灌胃苯并（a）芘复制精子DNA损伤模型,益肾通络方低、中、高剂量组上午造模,下午分别给予益肾通络方水煎液5.95、11.89、23.78 g/（kg·d）灌胃,空白组和模型组同时灌胃0.1 ml/10 g生理盐水,各组均持续8周。检测各组小鼠精子DNA碎片指数（DFI）,根据DFI结果进行睾丸转录组学和蛋白组学分析,对两组学的结果进行趋势分析、GO分析和KEGG富集通路分析。采用九象限法筛选益肾通络方作用靶基因,并采用Western blot法进行验证。结果 模型组小鼠精子DFI明显高于空白组（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,益肾通络方高剂量组小鼠精子DFI显著下降（P<0.01）,而益肾通络方低、中剂量组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,故对空白组、模型组、益肾通络方高剂量组进行转录组学和蛋白组学分析。结果显示,共筛选出1272个差异基因（DEGs）和1309个差异蛋白（DEPs）。...     

女贞子的体外抑菌作用研究

目的探讨女贞子体外抑菌作用。方法用K-B纸片扩散法。100%女贞子浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果女贞子对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论女贞子在体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

Antimutagenic effects of black tea (World Blend) and its two active polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins in Salmonella assays

Almost two thirds of the world population consume tea everyday. Tea is processed differently in different parts of the world to give green (20%), black (78%) or oolong tea (2%). The antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities of green tea were extensively investigated compared with those of black tea. Considering the potent antimutagenic effects of green tea we recognized the need to evaluate the antimutagenic effects of black tea (World Blend Tea, Southern Tea Co., Marietta, GA) in Salmonella strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 in preincubation tests, both with and without S9 activation. Attempts have also been made to compare the results of the tea extracts with their two active polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins. Antimutagenicity assays were carried out in bacterial plates treated with different concentrations (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%) of tea extracts against known bacterial mutagens sodium azide, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, cumine hydroperoxide, 2-aminofluorene and danthron. A significant decrease in the number of revertant colonies was observed in the plates treated with 1% to 20% of tea extract plus positive mutagen when compared with positive mutagen only. Both the active polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins extracted from the black tea (World blend) also showed significant antimutagenic effects against known positive compounds in these strains. In the experiments with S9 activation, the antimutagenic effects were significantly higher. These results indicate that black tea and its two polyphenols have significant antimutagenic effects in Ames Salmonella assays.     

Antimutagenic in vitro activity of plant polyphenols: Pycnogenol and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)

Ofloxacin (15 microg/mL) and acridine orange (5 microg/mL) induce mutagenicity by different mechanisms in the photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis. The present study examined whether Pycnogenol (PYC; 5-100 microg/mL) or Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761; 5-100 microg/mL) could protect against the mutagenic effects of each of the mutagens and the potential mechanisms underlying such protection. The highest concentration of PYC and EGb 761 effectively reduced the mutagenic activity of both ofloxacin and acridine orange by more than 99% (p < 0.001). Using luminol-dependent photochemical methodology it was demonstrated that EGb 761 and PYC were effective antioxidants. In addition, as determined by spectrophotometry, PYC and EGb 761 bound acridine orange. Both PYC and EGb 761 have been shown to produce dual antimutagenic effects, as evidenced by both antioxidant and physicochemical properties. The findings suggest that EGb 761 and PYC would thus be suitable for future study, not only as antioxidants, but also as antimutagenic agents.     

紫草体外抑菌作用研究

目的探讨紫草的体外抑菌作用。方法用K-B纸片扩散法。100%紫草浸出液滤纸片时金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果紫草对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论紫草在体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

Chemoprotective effects of Ulva lactuca (green seaweed) aqueous‐ethanolic extract against subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene by CYP1A1 inhibition in mice

The protective effect of the supplementation with an aqueous‐ethanolic extract obtained from Ulva lactuca (Delile) green seaweed on benzo[a] pyrene‐induced damage in mice was evaluated. Animals were treated with oral doses of U. lactuca extract (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. They were exposed to 50 mg/kg of oral doses of benzo(a)pyrene starting from the second week and up to the fifth week. Groups treated with benzo(a)pyrene only (second to fifth weeks), sunflower oil (vehicle, 9 weeks), or U. lactuca extract (100 and 400 mg/kg, 9 weeks) were also included in the study. The treatment with 400 mg/kg of the extract ameliorated the oxidative damage, decreased IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels, and favorably regulated the antioxidant defenses compared with benzo(a)pyrene‐exposed group. The benzo(a)pyrene‐induced DNA damage was also reduced, as it was evidenced by the lower micronucleus formation in U. lactuca extract‐supplemented animals. The extract protected the hepatic tissue, and it reduced the liver activity/expression of CYP1A1. These results altogether suggested a chemoprotective effect of U. lactuca extract against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced‐toxicity in mice, probably associated with an inhibitory effect of carcinogen bioactivation.     

苯并[a]芘作用下热休克蛋白70表达在染色体损伤和细胞凋亡中作用的研究

目的:探讨不同浓度BaP作用不同时间时体外人类肺腺癌细胞热休克蛋白70表达在染色体损伤和细胞凋亡中的作用.方法:用Western blot和Annexin v-FITC apoptosis凋亡试剂盒以及松胞素B阻断核质分裂微核法分别研究了BaP不同浓度(0,1.25,2.5,5.0,10μmo1/L)作用6h体外人类肺腺癌A549细胞HSP70的表达、细胞凋亡和染色体的损伤.结果:0～10μmol/L剂量范围内的BaP作用6h时,肺腺癌细胞HSP70的表达呈不断降低的趋势;细胞凋亡率由7.15±0.07%升高到17.36±0.22%,与对照组相比,染毒浓度为5～10μmol/L时,有统计学意义;细胞微核率由5.77±0.13%升高到21.90±0.89%,与对照组相比,有统计学意义.结论:低浓度、短时间作用BaP的细胞毒性主要表现为对细胞遗传物质的损伤,细胞凋亡主要在高浓度的BaP诱导下发生,高表达的HSP70可以保护BaP致人类肺腺癌细胞染色体的损伤和凋亡.     

虎杖的体外抑菌作用研究

目的探讨虎杖的体外抑菌作用。方法用K-B纸片扩散法。100%虎杖浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果虎杖对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论虎杖在体外有明显抑菌作用。     

Preventive effects of Azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct formation in murine forestomach and hepatic tissues

In the present investigation, the effects of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) on (3)H-benzo(a)pyrene-DNA [(3)H-B(a)P-DNA] adduct formation, the status of biotransformation enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were evaluated in the forestomach and liver of Balb/c mice. Two weeks of AAILE treatment reduced the (3)H-B(a)P-DNA adduct levels by 31.6% in forestomach tissue. Similarly, (3)H-B(a)P-DNA adduct levels were decreased by 34.7% in the liver of AAILE treated mice compared with their control counterparts. After AAILE treatment, the cytochrome P450 content decreased, whereas the GSH content increased significantly in the hepatic tissue. In the forestomach as well as in the liver, the cytochrome b5 content declined, whereas an increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was observed in both tissues. These observations suggested that AAILE may have reduced the metabolic activation of (3)H-B(a)P with enhanced detoxification of its active metabolites, hence the observed decrease in the levels of (3)H-B(a)P-DNA adducts. These molecular and biochemical modulations observed at the initiation phase of carcinogenesis seems to be significant and could be correlated with the chemopreventive effects of A. indica against B(a)P induced forestomach tumorigenesis.