肉类食品产地溯源技术研究进展

肉类食品的产地溯源是肉类食品追溯体系的重要组成部分,文章综述了稳定同位素技术、矿物元素分析技术、近红外光谱技术、DNA指纹图谱等技术的基本原理及其在肉类食品产地溯源中的研究进展及存在问题,并对肉类食品产地溯源技术的发展进行了展望。     

水产品产地溯源技术研究进展

水产品产地溯源技术是监管水产品质量安全的重要工具,不仅有利于保护消费者的合法权益,而且为保护地方特色产品提供了保障。近年来,质谱技术、光谱技术以及分子生物学技术等迅速发展,突显了其在水产品产地溯源中的重要作用,通过检测水产品的矿物元素组成与含量、同位素含量与比率、有机物组成、DNA图谱等信息,结合统计学分析手段,可建立水产品产地溯源指纹图谱。本文综述近年来常用的水产品产地溯源技术的应用研究进展,并对水产品产地溯源技术研究的发展趋势进行展望。     

农产品产地溯源技术研究进展

农产品产地溯源技术是近年来发展起来的,它能够为地理标志产品、地区名优特产品的追溯和确证提供技术理论依据。该项技术研究的方法和思路已经初步形成,也在逐步建立的技术体系。分析目前用于农产品产地溯源及确证的稳定有机成分指纹、红外光谱指纹、同位素指纹、矿物元素指纹和电子鼻等分析技术的原理、方法特点、应用及局限性。提出农产品产地溯源及确证技术研究的基本思路、方法、步骤,为食品安全监管提供相应的技术支撑。     

指纹图谱技术在茶叶产地溯源中的应用

茶叶是我国特色地理标志性产品,具有深厚文化底蕴和区域资源优势。茶叶产地溯源及其品质鉴定,对于保护我国地理标志产品、打击假冒伪劣产品、促进茶叶进出口贸易、保护居民健康等都具有重要意义。本文系统介绍了基于组学研究策略的矿质元素指纹图谱、稀土元素指纹图谱、稳定同位素指纹图谱、化学指纹图谱等技术在国内外茶叶产地溯源中的应用研究进展,充分分析了各方法的优势及不足;重点指出基于多源数据融合的指纹图谱技术可极大弥补单一指标在茶叶产地溯源中的局限性,有效提升产品识别正确率,在茶叶产地溯源研究方面表现出极大的发展潜力和前景。加强对茶叶产地溯源及品质鉴定的基础信息研究,建立和完善以地理标志茶叶为主的质量监测与溯源体系,以维护良好的贸易秩序及提高产品竞争力,是我国茶叶市场发展的必然选择。     

矿物元素和稳定同位素在肉类食品产地溯源中的应用研究进展

稳定同位素和矿物元素指纹分析是肉类食品产地溯源最为可靠的技术手段之一。本文按照牛肉、羊肉、猪肉和禽肉四大肉类食品综述近年来国内外基于稳定同位素和矿物元素指纹分析的肉类食品产地溯源技术研究进展,整理和归纳已有研究路线和成果,旨在为我国肉类食品产地溯源研究和应用提供参考。     

同位素指纹图谱技术在农产品产地溯源中的应用

稳定同位素指纹图谱技术具有灵敏度高、实验操作简便、可较好的区分被追踪物质是新加入的还是试验系统固定的等优点,已被广泛应用于农产品产地溯源之中,对区分我国不同地区的农产品有重要意义。主要阐述了同位素指纹图谱技术的基本原理及其在农产品产地溯源中的优越性和局限性,综述了其在农产品产地溯源中的应用情况,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

化学方法在农产品产地溯源中的研究进展

近年来,同位素指纹溯源技术、矿物元素指纹溯源技术及有机成分指纹溯源技术被认为是追溯农产品产地来源的有效方法。本文综述这三种技术在农产品中的研究现状,为农产品产地溯源技术研究提供参考。     

近红外光谱技术在食品溯源中的应用进展

食品产地溯源的问题一直广受关注,一些制售假冒食品的现象屡禁不止,为维护市场秩序,保护消费者的合法权益,急需对食品产地溯源进行快速无损检测。目前,常用的检测方法有近红外光谱技术、矿物元素指纹分析技术、DNA指纹图谱技术等,其中近红外光谱技术(NIR)因具有高效、快速、无损、无污染及低成本检测的特点,而被广泛应用于食品产地溯源的研究中。主要概述近红外光谱技术的原理,并通过列举了其在肉类、水果、谷物的产地溯源研究中的方法手段和结论等,得出近红外光谱技术在食品产地溯源检测方面的研究具有一定可行性。同时分析了近红外光谱技术在食品产地溯源中应用现状,并指出了其存在的问题和今后其在食品产地溯源方面的研究展望,为近红外光谱技术在食品追溯体系分析中提供理论参考。     

光谱技术在葡萄酒原产地识别中的应用进展

对葡萄酒进行产地识别有助于保护地理标志葡萄酒。应用光谱技术追溯葡萄酒原产地,可以简化样品前处理步骤,减少分析时间。光谱技术通过测定葡萄酒中的微量元素、同位素含量与比率、芳香化合物等物质,与化学计量学方法相结合,达到鉴别葡萄酒原产地的目的,建立产地的特征指纹图谱。该文综述了近年来国内外应用光谱技术进行葡萄酒产地溯源的研究进展,并展望了我国今后葡萄酒原产地溯源的发展方向和重点。     

果品产地溯源技术研究进展及其在南果梨产地溯源的应用展望

南果梨果实品质极优,特别是经过后熟产生的酒香,是辽宁省名优水果。作为一种地理标志产品,南果梨产地溯源研究较少。目前对南果梨的元素含量、香气成分、糖酸比例等营养成分的研究主要是基于其采摘、加工和贮藏的目的。本文总结了近年来元素组成、有机成分及稳定同位素技术在水果类农产品产地源领域的基本原理和应用现状;提出了将元素指纹、化学指纹、同位素指纹分析结合,借助多元判别分析筛选指示性强的指标组合,可提高对地域相近或品种相似的产品的判别精度,是未来产地溯源技术的发展方向。同时总结了南果梨有机和无机成分的研究实例,重点分析了品质指标与地理环境、成熟度的相关性,探讨各类技术在南果梨产地溯源中的应用前景,从而为鞍山南果梨的原产地保护提供有效的技术手段。     

Recent Developments in Application of Stable Isotope and Multi-element Analysis on Geographical Origin Traceability of Cereal Grains

With the development of cereal grain market and convenient transportation of food all over the world, the potential for distribution of mislabeled products increases accordingly, highlighting the need of consumers pursuing for high-quality cereal grains with a clear geographical origin identity. Appropriate analytical methods to ensure a fair competition among producers and to protect consumers against fraud are extremely required. Currently, stable isotope ratio analysis and multi-element analysis gradually become the promising approaches for cereal grain traceability. In recent years, a growing number of research papers have been published on tracing cereal grains by stable isotope ratio and multi-element analysis combining with other instruments. In these reports, the global variety of stable isotope compositions has been investigated, including light elements such as C, N, H, O, and S, and heavy isotopes variation such as Sr and B; in addition, more than 50 elements were applied in the geographical origin analysis of cereal grain and favorable results were obtained. In the present paper, an overview about geographical origin traceability of cereal grain by stable isotope ratio analysis and multi-element analysis is provided.     

Evaluation of green coffee beans quality using near infrared spectroscopy: A quantitative approach

Characterisation of coffee quality based on bean quality assessment is associated with the relative amount of defective beans among non-defective beans. It is therefore important to develop a methodology capable of identifying the presence of defective beans that enables a fast assessment of coffee grade and that can become an analytical tool to standardise coffee quality. In this work, a methodology for quality assessment of green coffee based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is proposed. NIRS is a green chemistry, low cost, fast response technique without the need of sample processing. The applicability of NIRS was evaluated for Arabica and Robusta varieties from different geographical locations. Partial least squares regression was used to relate the NIR spectrum to the mass fraction of defective and non-defective beans. Relative errors around 5% show that NIRS can be a valuable analytical tool to be used by coffee roasters, enabling a simple and quantitative evaluation of green coffee quality in a fast way.     

Strontium and oxygen isotope fingerprinting of green coffee beans and its potential to proof authenticity of coffee

Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) were applied to combine strontium and oxygen isotope abundance ratios of green coffees from 20 geographical origins in order to evaluate the suitability of these parameters as indicators of geographical origin, which is an important parameter of coffee quality. Results show that both isotopic systems of green coffee beans show a relation to environmental factors that influence processes occurring during the growth of the coffee bean. The final results allowed discrimination of local provenances investigated in this study by principal component analysis (PCA) and exhibit the potential to proof authenticity of world coffees. A good discrimination was obtained especially for coffee of South America region and coffees originating from islands.     

Simultaneous Determination of Alkaloids in Green Coffee Beans from Ethiopia: Chemometric Evaluation of Geographical Origin

The alkaloid compositions of 99 green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) bean samples comprising eight varieties (Harar, Jimma, Kaffa, Wollega, Sidama, Yirgachefe, Benishangul and Finoteselam) from the major production regions of Ethiopia were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography was applied for the simultaneous determination of four coffee alkaloids in the aqueous extracts of the beans. The limits of detection for the method were established as 13 mg kg^?1 for trigonelline, 7 mg kg^?1 for theobromine, 8.5 mg kg^?1 for caffeine and 4 mg kg^?1 for theophylline in the dry coffee beans. Theophylline was not detected in any of the samples. The determined concentrations (% w/w dry coffee beans) ranged from 0.98 to 1.32 % for trigonelline, 0.0048 to 0.0094 % for theobromine and 0.87 to 1.38 % for caffeine. The concentrations of the alkaloids varied significantly, depending on the geographical origin of the beans. Theobromine was not detected in coffee beans from the East (Harar coffees), and its absence in samples can be used to ascertain whether the coffee originates from this region. Coffee beans from the Northwest were characterized by higher concentrations of caffeine. Application of linear discriminant analysis provided 75 % correct classification of samples into the respective production regions, with a 74 % prediction success rate. The moderate classification efficiency obtained when using alkaloid data demonstrates the potential of using this class of compounds in discriminant models for determination of the geographical origin of green coffee beans from Ethiopia.     

Authenticity green coffee bean species and geographical origin using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

To prevent the adulteration of agricultural resources and provide a solution to enhance the green coffee bean supply chain, authentication using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique was investigated. Partial least square with discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models combined with various preprocessing methods were built from NIR spectra of 153 Vietnamese green coffee samples. The model combined with the standard normal variate and the first order of derivative yielded excellent performance in predicting coffee species with the error cross-validation of 0.0261. PLS-DA model of mean centre and first-order derivative spectra also yielded good performance in verifying geographical indication of green coffee with the error of 0.0656. By contrast, the predicting abilities of post-harvest methods were poor. The overall results showed a high potential of the NIRS in online authentication practices.     

Effect of packaging materials and storage time on changes of colour,phenolic content,chlorogenic acid and antioxidant activity in arabica green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L. cv. Catimor)

The conditions and storage time of green coffee beans are very important for the commercial quality of coffee. This includes factors such as light, humidity and temperature in the warehouse and also the packaging material used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of type of packaging materials namely high density polyethylene (HDPE) bag and jute sack on moisture content, colour, phenolic contents, chlorogenic acids content and antioxidant activity of Arabica green coffee bean during 15 months of storage. The results show that HDPE bag can preserve the moisture content, colour and chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans (GCB) better than a jute sack during storage. No significant difference of phenolics content in green coffee beans was observed during 4 months of storage in both types of packaging. During initial 10 months of storage the antioxidant activity of GCB stored in HDPE showed higher values than that of GCB stored in jute sack. However, after 1 year of storage, the phenolics content and antioxidant activity in GCB in a jute sack were higher than in HDPE bag. The fluctuation of moisture content could lead to stress condition of green coffee bean and contributing to forming of bioactive compounds. This finding was observed and need further investigation.     

Composition and characteristics of Indian coffee bean,spent grounds and oil

The physical and chemical characteristics of raw and coffee bean (seed) and spent grounds (a byproduct of the instant coffee industry) and the corresponding oils of four varieties of Indian coffee beans were studied. The chemical characteristics of the oils were found to be similar to those of groundnut oil except for the unsaponifiable matter which is high in the case of coffee bean oil (6–12%). The colour of crude coffee bean oil varied from light green (from raw bean) to chocolate brown (from roasted and spent grounds). The oil is practically odourless. Practical aspects of drying and storage of sludge and solvent extraction of dried grounds are discussed.     

利用稳定同位素进行农产品产地溯源和真伪鉴别研究进展

产地溯源是保护产品原产地信息及以假乱真等农产品安全问题的有效保障, 而稳定同位素溯源技术具有高精准的示踪及溯源能力, 是农产品产地溯源的有效手段, 该技术在国内外已有显著成果。基于这些研究成果, 本综述归纳了近5年(2018—2022年)农产品中轻、重元素稳定同位素在产地溯源和真伪鉴别方面的应用进展, 阐述了稳定同位素与其他技术相结合溯源的研究, 并依据判别结果得出结论: 增加采样数量、扩大采样范围、筛选有效溯源指标、选取适当的化学计量学方法, 同时利用多种分析技术融合鉴别, 从而提高溯源正确率, 完善农产品溯源体系, 为稳定同位素今后的研究提供参考。     

绿咖啡豆绿原酸的体外抗氧化性活性测定

通过铁离子还原法和DPPH自由基清除法测定绿咖啡豆绿原酸的体外抗氧化活性,结果显示绿咖啡豆绿原酸具有抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力。稳定性试验结果表明,温度对绿咖啡豆绿原酸的DPPH自由基清除稳定性影响不显著;光照对稳定性有一定程度影响;pH值对稳定性影响显著,且绿咖啡豆绿原酸在酸性条件下比在碱性条件下稳定。