纳米技术在化学强化采油中的最新应用进展

近年来,纳米技术在提高采收率中的潜在应用越来越受到关注。为此,许多研究报道纳米颗粒在化学提高采收率过程中有很好的应用前景。本文综述了纳米粒子在表面活性剂、聚合物、表面活性剂、碱性表面活性剂、低矿化度水驱等领域的最新应用研究进展,为有兴趣开发纳米粒子技术的研究人员指明了方向。阐述了纳米粒子在润湿性改变、层间张力降低和原油采收率提高方面的作用,并讨论了纳米流体驱油过程中影响多孔介质中岩石/流体相互作用行为的因素。     

表面活性剂在纳米材料领域中的应用

主要介绍了表面活性剂在防止纳米粒子团聚方面的应用以及表面活性剂在一些纳米材料如碳纳米管、纳米晶和纳米磁性液体等方面的最新应用；同时介绍了纳米技术在改造表面活性剂工业上的应用，说明了表面活性剂与纳米材料千丝万缕的联系，指出了表面活性剂在与纳米技术的结合中，本身也在不断地发展，并展望了表面活性剂在纳米材料领域广阔的应用前景。     

纳米材料在化学驱的应用研究进展

纳米技术在石油行业有着广阔的应用前景。将纳米材料引入油田化学领域,实现纳米技术与现有的化学驱技术结合,发挥纳米技术的优势,弥补常规工艺手段的不足,有助于提高现有油藏采收率。综述了近年来国内外将纳米技术用于化学驱方面的研究进展,介绍了纳米材料对油水界面张力、润湿性、稳泡性作用机理及影响因素,还介绍了表面活性剂稳定分散纳米颗粒的影响因素。     

纳米颗粒稳定泡沫在油气开采中的研究进展

近年来纳米技术使得传统油气开采方法悄然转型,针对泡沫流体稳定性差等问题,研究者们提出加入纳米颗粒对泡沫系统进行稳定。本文详细介绍了部分疏水型和亲水型两种类型纳米颗粒稳定泡沫机理的异同,阐述了纳米颗粒在气液界面的不可逆吸附是稳定泡沫的主要机理;综述了纳米颗粒稳定的泡沫在提高采收率和泡沫压裂液中的最新应用,分析表明纳米颗粒不仅大幅度增加了泡沫的稳定性,并且能提高泡沫驱和压裂液的液体效率;指出了纳米颗粒稳定泡沫的问题在于纳米颗粒与泡沫流体作用复杂、改性的纳米颗粒成本较高、对低孔低渗地层的潜在伤害、缺乏工业化应用等;提出了用亲水纳米颗粒与表面活性剂协同稳泡降低成本、针对不同泡沫性能来优化纳米颗粒与表面活性剂的浓度、将纳米颗粒稳定泡沫应用到非常规油气藏等研究方向,最后展望了纳米技术在石油领域的发展潜力。     

三次采油表面活性剂的研究与应用进展（三）

国内外三次采油表面活性剂新进展 6 纳米-磺酸盐复合驱油剂 为提高驱油剂降低油水界面张力的能力,提高原油的采收率,在石油磺酸盐表面活性剂的基础上。研制了改性纳米二氧化硅-石油磺酸盐复合驱油剂。研究表明,在一定的浓度条件下,石油磺酸盐能降低油水界面张力至1×10^-2mN／m,改性纳米二氧化硅-石油磺酸盐复合驱油剂能降低油水界面张力至3.2×10^-3mN／m。纳米石油磺酸盐复合驱油体系表现出较好的界面活性。     

纳米技术在提高采收率方面的应用

近年来,纳米技术在石油工业中的应用越来越多。主要集中报道了纳米颗粒在提高采收率方面的作用。它可以改变岩石表面的润湿性,降低油水之间的界面张力。综述了近几年来纳米颗粒在提高石油采收率的应用。     

纳米改性聚合物材料研究进展

综述了纳米改性聚合物材料的研究进展,包括纳米粒子的结构与性质,纳米粒子的表面改性,纳米粒子对聚合物的改性机理和方法及纳米技术在高分子材料领域中的应用。     

表面活性剂在陶瓷工业中的应用

详细介绍了表面活性剂在防止纳米陶瓷粒子的团聚、提高分散效率、降低能耗及提高陶瓷品质等方面的应用;同时概述了表面活性剂在粒子表面的吸附和对制品的消泡等作用原理及在其他方面的应用;最后展望了新型表面活性剂在陶瓷工业中的应用前景。     

纳米二氧化硅改性以及在EOR中的应用机理研究

在系统总结纳米技术用于三次采油的基础上,综述了纳米二氧化硅在改性方面的研究进展,并重点讨论了纳米二氧化硅在降压增注、降低油水界面张力以及剥离油膜方面的应用机理,对纳米流体用于提高原油采收率的发展前景提出认识和展望,为纳米流体驱油技术的推广与应用提供参考。     

纳米粒子及其改性涂料

本文叙述了纳米粒子的基本特性、表面改性技术、纳米粒子改性涂料的制备。论述了纳米粒子在抗菌防污、随角异色涂料、紫外线屏蔽涂料、吸波隐身涂料以及提高普通涂料性能等方面的应用。分析了纳米粒子及改性涂料的应用现状和发展趋势。     

纳米技术在提高采收率与管道阻垢上的研究应用

随着科学研究的不断深入和发展,纳米技术作为一项高居科学前沿的新兴技术正逐步应用于石油开发领域。从纳米技术在油田提高采收率方面以及管道防护方面两方面入手,综述了国内外纳米材料于油田驱油提高采收率方面的研究现状、作用机理以及于输油管道阻垢防护上的新突破,展望了纳米技术在油田应用方面的发展趋势。     

纳米技术在钻井液和储层保护中的应用

纳米技术已经对能源工业的技术进步做出了重大贡献.纳米技术有可能在钻井行业引入革命性的变化.纳米技术带来了许多具有特殊性能的纳米材料,其可以在增强泥饼质量,减少摩擦,保持井眼稳定性,保护储层和增强油和气回收中起重要作用.最近的研究表明,纳米材料在钻井液和储层保护领域中具有广泛地应用空间,其中在流体损失控制,井眼稳定性,井眼清洁,扭矩和阻力减小,井漏和储层保护尤为突出.综述了纳米技术在钻井液和储层保护中的应用,并评估了纳米材料在石油开发和生产过程中可能存在潜在的技术优势.     

Advanced development in upstream of petroleum industry using nanotechnology

Nowadays, energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil, gas and coal sources. Because of rapid population, civilization and energy consumption growth, the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources, solving related problems and finding new energy sources are important. More than 10 years ago, nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry (upstream, midstream and downstream). The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas (underground or deep water), drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface, as well as transportation, storage, processing and purifying methods. Nanoparticles with high specific surface area, pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties, which could be applied in several applications. In this regard, many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration, drilling, production and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Also, in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of raw natural gas, transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products, the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the environment. Lowering sulfur gasoline, enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using nanotechnology. In this work, various types of nanoparticles such as metallic, metal oxide, hybrid nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are reviewed. Also, their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.     

Experimental study and mathematical model of nanoparticle transport in porous media

Two types of polysilicon nanoparticles (PN) were used in oil fields to improve oil recovery and enhance water injection respectively in this work. The physical properties of the nanoparticles were studied experimentally, and pore characteristics of sandstone were investigated by mercury injection experiments. The adsorption experiments of lipophobic and hydrophilic polysilicon nanoparticles (LHPN) were conducted to testify wettability change (from oil wetting to water wetting) of sandstone surface, and the nanoparticles attached to pore walls were observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A mathematical model to describe the nanoparticles transport carried by two-phase flow in random porous media was presented and a numerical simulator was developed to simulate two application examples of the nanoparticles in oilfields. An important discovery is that water-phase permeabilities of these sandstones increase from 1.6 to 2.1 times of their original values. However, there are decreases in their absolute permeabilities because of nanoparticle adsorption on pore surfaces and nanoparticle capture at pore throats. The important parameters such as the distributions of porosities and permeabilities, the changes in water injection capability and oil recovery are obtained successfully by numerical simulation approach. Furthermore, the permeabilities obtained from numerical simulation have a good match with experimental data. The conclusion that polysilicon nanoparticles are effective agents for enhancing water injection capability or improving oil recovery can be safely drawn.     

Review on application of nanoparticles for EOR purposes: A critical review of the opportunities and challenges

Nanoparticles have already gained attentions for their countless potential applications in enhanced oil recovery.Nano-sized particles would help to recover trapped oil by several mechanisms including interfacial tension reduction, impulsive emulsion formation and wettability alteration of porous media. The presence of dispersed nanoparticles in injected fluids would enhance the recovery process through their movement towards oil–water interface. This would cause the interfacial tension to be reduced. In this research, the effects of different types of nanoparticles and different nanoparticle concentrations on EOR processes were investigated. Different flooding experiments were investigated to reveal enhancing oil recovery mechanisms. The results showed that nanoparticles have the ability to reduce the IFT as well as contact angle, making the solid surface to more water wet. As nanoparticle concentration increases more trapped oil was produced mainly due to wettability alteration to water wet and IFT reduction. However, pore blockage was also observed due to adsorption of nanoparticles, a phenomenon which caused the injection pressure to increase. Nonetheless, such higher injection pressure could displace some trapped oil in the small pore channels out of the model. The investigated results gave a clear indication that the EOR potential of nanoparticle fluid is significant.     

纳米材料在生物检测中的应用

纳米颗粒是生物医学中研究最多、应用最广的纳米材料,有许多独特的性质.综述了近年来国际上以纳米颗粒为基础的纳米技术在生物传感器及生物检测中的研究成果和进展,介绍了纳米颗粒的制备方法及其在纳米生物传感器和纳米生物芯片中的应用,结合纳米病原微生物检测介绍了有关免疫传感器检测细菌的研究成果,并对该领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

页岩油冷凝回收油洗工艺模拟与优化

针对我国页岩油冷凝回收油洗工艺尚不成熟的问题,提出了一种用于油页岩干馏油气冷凝回收的油洗工艺,并运用PRO/II流程模拟软件对工艺流程进行模拟,分析模拟结果表明,所提出的油洗工艺能够有效地完成页岩油的冷凝回收,并将油气粗分为净油气、汽油、柴油和重油。针对所提出流程能量利用率低的缺点进行流程改造优化,优化后的热量回收率提高了约14.63%,并且能够获得高品位热源,能量匹配更加合理。同时对油洗塔汽油回流量进行了分析,确定最优的汽油回流量为3100 kg/h。     

我国三次采油污水处理技术研究进展

三次采油污水是伴随三次采油技术的应用而产生的新型污水,目前已成为油田采油污水处理的难点和相关领域研究的热点.作者从除油、除聚合物的技术研究和新型絮凝剂的研制等方面入手,对我国三次采油污水处理技术的研究状况进行了介绍,着重对提高除油技术和去除聚合物方法方面的研究进行了综述,对各技术方法的优缺点进行了分析和探讨,并对三次采油污水处理技术的发展前景进行了展望.     

纳米科技的发展对卤化银技术进步的影响

纳米科技和纳米材料在过去的十几年得到了迅速的发展,并将继续发展并渗透到各个领域,给世界和人类生活带来不可估量的影响。“纳米技术”真的是一个新的概念？事实上,某些材料的制备和使用早已经涉及了这个长度范围,卤化银照相技术就是“老”的纳米技术之一,在早期,从事卤化银照相的人们凭经验和有限的能力控制材料的某些结构在纳米级范畴,随着纳米科学的发展,纳米技术在卤化银照相领域的使用走过了从无意识到有目的的过程,促进了照相科学的发展。本论文将结合卤化银技术在21世纪的发展趋势,从三个方面（在纳米级研究卤化银照相,卤化银微晶上的纳米结构,纳米卤化银微粒）探讨纳米科学对卤化银技术进步的影响。     

江苏油田智能水驱提高采收率研究

智能水驱提高采收率技术是一种有效的剩余油挖潜措施,智能水驱能够大幅度提高采收率而且经济效益好,并且该技术能够利用现有注采井网,减少投资,不需要大量化学剂和复杂的地面处理,是一项经济、环保、易操作、潜力巨大的油田开发新技术。通过对江苏油田梁垛区块进行四种无机盐驱油实验、注入水与产出水驱油效率实验、不同比例的注入水与产出水配比驱油实验、智能水驱油效率的研究,在现有的注水开发的基础上优化注入水的矿化度,从而提高原油采收率。