富马酸亚铁催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯活性自由基聚合的研究

以富马酸亚铁为催化剂,以2-溴代异丁酸乙酯为引发剂,在90℃下进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基本体聚合及溶液聚合.聚合物的数均相对分子质量随单体转化率的增加而线性增加,与时间呈良好线性关系,本体聚合时分子量分布 (PDI) 在1.5～1.7之间,溶液聚合时PDI＜1.5.通过聚合物扩链反应和端基分析,表明富马酸亚铁催化原子转移自由基聚合反应具有活性(可控)聚合的特征.     

由平面合成聚合物刷--表面引发原子转移自由基聚合研究进展

原子转移自由基聚合反应(ATRP)是实现活性聚合,获得可控聚合物的一种有效途径。通过表面引发原子转移自由基聚合,在材料表面合成聚合物刷,是改变材料表面特征的有效方法。本文综述了表面引发原子转移自由基聚合合成聚合物刷及其最新进展。     

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在星形聚合物合成中的应用

综述了近10 年来采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP) 法合成星形聚合物的研究进展。从聚合单体、引发剂、聚合方法和反应条件以及聚合物性质等方面讨论了原子转移自由基聚合在星形聚合物合成中的应用,并根据聚合方法和引发剂对各种反应进行了分类。对原子转移自由基聚合技术在合成功能性复杂星形聚合物中的应用进行了展望。     

Mn-Re双核金属化合物调控的苯乙烯的类RAFT聚合反应研究

报道了以Mn-Re双核金属有机化合物作为RAFT聚合中链转移试剂的稳定基团进行的苯乙烯的本体聚合。聚合物的数均分子量明显随转化率线性增长,并且聚合物的多分散系数PDI值小于1·5。据此推断,苯乙烯本体聚合反应可能是以类似于可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)的机理进行的。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基悬浮聚合

以 1 苯基氯乙烷为引发剂 ,氯化亚铜为催化剂 ,2 ,2 联吡啶为配体 ,外加搅拌 ,氮气保护下进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)在 80℃下的原子转移悬浮聚合 .结果表明 ,聚合反应符合对单体浓度为一级的动力学关系 .经计算聚合体系的增长自由基浓度为 5 .74× 10 - 8mol L .聚合物分子量随转化率呈线性增加 ,分子量分布较窄 ,Mw Mn 在 1.37～ 1.40之间 .还以AIBN为引发剂 ,在三氯化铁和三苯基膦存在下进行了MMA的反向原子转移本体和悬浮聚合研究 .结果证明本体聚合具有好的可控特征 ,分子量随转化率呈线性增长 ,分子量分布指数在 1.2 7～ 1.31之间 .聚合反应速率较快 ,聚合体系中的增长自由基浓度较高 ,为 1.6 4× 10 - 7mol L .而在此催化体系下的悬浮聚合则完全失去了活性特征     

新型温度敏感性自组装胶束P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala)的合成和性能

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成了一种带有活性—NH2基团的温度敏感性亲水型共聚物P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA), 并将其作为引发剂, 合成了P(NiPAAm-co-DMAA)-co-P(L-Ala), 其分子量分布(PDI)在1.3左右. 聚合物通过自组装形成纳米胶束. 透射电镜(TEM)结果表明, 胶束大小200~300 nm, 具有明显的核壳结构. 共聚物的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为45.5 ℃. 温度低于LCST时, 聚合物溶解形成胶束; 高于LCST时, 胶束解离, 聚合物不溶. 聚合物对温度的响应是快速而可逆的.     

7-亚甲基-2-甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷聚合反应机理的研究

本文报道了一种新的不饱和螺环原酸酯——7-亚甲基-2-甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷的合成,研究了它的自由基聚合,反应。结果说明在本体聚合时,聚合物由半开环结构单元(Ⅶ)组成;当溶液聚合时,得到结构单元(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)、(Ⅸ)的共聚物。根据聚合物的结构,对聚合反应机理进行了讨论。     

7-亚甲基-2-甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷聚合反应机理的研究

 本文报道了一种新的不饱和螺环原酸酯——7-亚甲基-2-甲基-1,4,6-三氧螺[4,4]壬烷的合成,研究了它的自由基聚合,反应。结果说明在本体聚合时,聚合物由半开环结构单元(Ⅶ)组成;当溶液聚合时,得到结构单元(Ⅶ)和(Ⅷ)、(Ⅸ)的共聚物。根据聚合物的结构,对聚合反应机理进行了讨论。     

具有窄分子量分布和羧基末端的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的合成

以CuCl/TMEDA为催化剂、氯乙酸为引发剂利用原子转移自由基聚合方法在本体或溶液体系中合成了具有窄分子量分布和末段羧基的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯。在两种单体的本体或溶液聚合体系中,单体和氯乙酸的配料比增加,有利于聚合反应速度的加快;本体中进行的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯聚合反应速率比相应的溶液聚合体系快,但是得到的最终产物的分子量分布指数Mw/Mn较宽;溶液聚合方法的使用,使聚合反应速度缓和,得到的聚合产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯的Mw/Mn介于1.17-1.21和1.16-1.19之间,具有理想的窄分子量分布;动力学实验表明,聚合反应以ATRP的聚合机理进行,体现出活性/可控聚合的特征;聚合产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚苯乙烯及其末段端基由~1HNMR表征。     

点击化学与活性自由基聚合联用构建特殊结构聚合物

点击化学由于其高效、可靠、高选择性等特点,一经提出便在复杂结构聚合物制备上得到广泛关注,而活性自由基聚合则具有聚合过程和聚合物结构可控等特点.本文综述了点击化学与活性自由基聚合方法如原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),氮氧调控活性自由基聚合(NMP),以及原子转移氮氧自由基聚合反应(AT...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.