4G通信中的关键技术之智能天线技术

4G移动通信系统是3G的演化和发展,文章介绍了移动通信3G到4G的演变和4G通信系统的优势特点,讨论了4G系统的关键技术之智能天线技术的基本思想和智能性实现算法,最后研究了4G中智能天线的设计分析、技术实现及其对4G系统的优化作用。     

3G中的智能天线技术

全面地阐述了应用于第三代移动通信系统(3G)中的智能天线基本概念、发展历程、工作原理以及研究内容;分析了智能天线的基本结构以及智能天线系统形成的空间定向波束;建立数学模型来论证智能天线的基本原理。     

智能天线在第3代移动通信中的应用研究

在向第3代移动通信系统(3G)发展过程中,迅速增加的业务量和有限的频谱资源之间的矛盾日益突出。运营商迫切希望提高系统的频谱利用率从而提供更大的容量,智能天线正是解决这个矛盾的核心技术之一。从智能天线原理入手,结合实际应用中的复杂度、使用成本等因素,重点介绍了智能天线在3G系统中的应用,并详细分析了它的优势和存在的问题。最后针对国内移动通信市场的现状,得出结论:在即将到来的第3代移动通信系统中,智能天线必将出现美好的应用前景。     

第三代移动通信系统中的智能天线技术

作为第三代移动通信系统(3G)的关键技术,智能天线已受到广泛关注。文章阐述了智能天线的原理、分类、波束形成方法及其在3G系统中的应用。     

第三代移动通信中的智能天线技术

介绍了智能天线的基本概念、关键技术，简要分析了智能天线对3G移动通信系统的性能改善及优点。     

第3代移动通信系统中的智能天线技术

第2代数字蜂窝系统已经成熟,在多址方式上主要采用TDMA和CDMA。但是第2代系统采用的窄带CDMA由于受到传输频带窄的限制,未能真正发挥CDMA的特性。因而移动通信系统在经历了第1代模拟系统和第2代2G数字系统之后,正向以宽带CDMA技术为核心的第3代3G数字移动通信系统发展。CDMA技术本身为顺利引进包括智能天线在内的现代数字信号处理技术创造了条件。可以说,智能天线是3G区别于2G系统的关键标志之一。现在,智能天线已成为国内争取自主知识产权的一个热点领域。一、 智能天线的基本概念人们研究智能天线的最初动机是,…     

第三代移动通信智能天线的研究现状及发展趋势分析

本文首先简单地介绍移动通信发展以及第三代移动通信（3G）的技术特征和实现目标，并阐述了如何用多址来解决通信资源紧缺的问题，随后重点讲述智能天线的定义、优点、组成、工作原理、信道模型以及要解决的关键技术问题和发展现状。最后，提出了智能空分多址的概念，并对智能天线未来的发展进行了分析和预测。     

智能天线自适应波束赋形算法的研究

智能天线作为3G及未来移动通信的核心技术，是当前通信领域的研究热点。阐述了智能天线的基本原理，并对自适应波束赋形算法进行了分类，较为详细地比较和分析了几种算法的特点及其适用条件。基于算法的现状，提出了未来的研究方向。     

智能天线技术在3G通信系统中的应用

如何提高信号干扰信噪比，增加系统容量，这是第三代移动通信（3G）解决的问题之一。而智能天线技术应用在3G中能比较好的解决这一问题。本文讨论了智能天线技术在3G中的应用，主要分析了它的技术原理、分类特点及应用等。     

智能天线在第3代移动通信中的应用

智能天线是我国提交的3G国际标准TD-SCDMA的关键技术之一,利用其特有的空间分集效益,可有效地提高频谱利用率和增加移动通信系统的容量,目前已日益受到移动通信业界的关注,并将在3G移动通信系统中获得广泛的应用.     

智能天线技术对TD-SCDMA系统容量的改善

近年来,智能天线技术已成为移动通信中最具吸引力的技术之一,使用智能天线可以大大降低移动系统内的干扰,提高系统的性能和容量.基于TD-SCDMA系统,对系统的干扰及载干噪比进行了分析,重点对不同路径损耗以及误码率下,基站采用智能天线技术对系统容量的改善进行了计算和仿真.仿真结果表明,在相同的路径损耗和误码率下,采用智能天线技术可以显著地提高TD-SCDMA系统的容量.     

移动通信与电控阵列天线

简要叙述了移动通信的方式和特点，移动通信的设备和应用。着重介绍了第三代移动通信对天线智能化的要求和目前已经开发并用于移动通信系统的几种电控阵列天线。     

Potentials of smart antennas in CDMA systems and uplinkimprovements

An overview of the application of smart antennas in DS-CDMA systems, including IS-95 and IS-2000, is presented. Since CDMA systems are interference-limited, adaptive antenna arrays have great potential for improving the performance of such systems in terms of capacity, coverage, and quality of service, In this paper, we study the multiple-access interference that affects a CDMA system, and we describe how smart antennas can be implemented in an IS-2000-based mobile communications system. When smart antennas are used at the base station to transmit in narrow beams, the interference on the downlink is reduced, and C/I is improved. This, in turn, increases the system capacity on the downlink or, alternatively, the quality of service is improved. Such gains will prove very beneficial for asymmetric high-speed data applications, requiring much higher bit rates on the downlink than on the uplink. By reducing the base-station receiver's sensitivity, smart antennas can boost the capacity of the reverse link. Results are presented that outline how this reduction can be employed by the system designer on the uplink to increase capacity, reduce the mobile transmit power, or effect a tradeoff between capacity improvement and coverage or range extension under different system-loading scenarios     

Software defined radio architecture for cellular networks base stations: TheSunbeam project

With the arrival of 3G radio mobile communications standards namelyUmts, new requirements arose for the wireless cellular networks. They concern the quality of the transmissions, the compatibility with pre-existing 2G networks and between different 3G networks and of course the increasing bandwidth to bring new high data rate demanding services through IP connections. TheSunbeam project was at the convergence of two key enabling technologies for 3G: software radio and smart antennas. Software radio appears to be an unavoidable approach to fulfil these specifications, but it needs to be used with new hardware architectures designed to support it.Acts European projectSunbeam just covered partially this subject as it concerned flexible multi-standard smart CBTS architecture study in the context of the migration of European networks from 2G (Gsm, Dcs 1800) to 3 G (Acts/Fdd, Acts/Tdd), concentrating on the physical layer. Digital smart antennas techniques were central in the scope ofSunbeam, since they are to bring the decisive performance improvements 3G transmissions require. This paper summarises the essential results achieved within the project and makes an attempt to establish global specifications for CBTS architecture design to achieve the flexibility, the reconfigurability and the scalability needed to implement software radio.     

Characteristics of vector propagation channels in dynamic mobilescenarios

In wireless communications, the performance of a smart antenna system depends heavily upon vector channels describing channel propagation between an antenna array and a mobile subscriber. The smart antennas perform quite well in stationary mobile environments in which channel propagation characteristics are stable. However, in dynamic wireless environments where the mobile user is in motion, knowledge of how vector channels are affected is necessary for the proper operation of smart antennas. Here, we experimentally investigate the variation of vector channel parameters such as spatial signatures, directions-of-arrival (DOAs), and complex path attenuations with small movement (2λ) of the mobile under typical line-of-sight (LOS), line-of-sight with local scatterer (LOSLS), and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation scenarios. The experiments are conducted using a 1.8-GHz smart antenna testbed developed at The University of Texas at Austin and a mobile transmitter. The results show that with small displacements, DOAs remain approximately unchanged and spatial signatures change due primarily to complex attenuations. Spatial signatures are very susceptible to the movement in the NLOS scenario, reaching up to 90% relative angle change within 2λ displacement. However, in the LOS scenario, they exhibit small and periodic fluctuations with a period of 0.6λ     

Soft capacity analysis of TDMA systems with slow-frequency hoppingand multiple-beam smart antennas

Smart antenna is considered as one of the most effective means for enhancing wireless system capacity. When fractional loading is accompanied with slow-frequency hopping (SFH), soft capacity can be realized in time-division multiple access (TDMA) wireless networks. Then, the interference reduction due to smart antennas, power control, and discontinuous transmission can be directly translated into capacity gain. This paper addresses the capacity gain due to multiple-beam (MB) smart antennas in TDMA wireless systems with soft capacity. The system capacity is determined analytically and by simulation. MB smart antennas with practical antenna pattern are used in this study. Perfect power control and discontinuous transmission are assumed in the simulation and the theoretical analysis. A novel call admission control algorithm is proposed to enhance the system capacity without degrading the signal quality. The TDMA system is assumed to be global system for mobile communications (GSM)-like, however, the analysis can be extended and applied to other TDMA systems     

采用智能天线技术的TD-SCDMA在高速信道中的性能

TD－SCDMA已经由国际电联（ITU）正式采纳,成为未来第三代移动通信系统（IMT200）的一个重要的部分并由3GPP组织进一步标准化。作为TD－SCDMA系统中关键技术之一的智能天线技术能够使系统在调整运动的信道环境中的达到较好的性能。在本文中,首先介绍了TD－SCDMA系统模型,然后,解释了智能天线技术的基本概念以及在调整运动环境中应用该技术的行性。同时,给出了在不同速度的调整运动环境中的相应的仿真结果。可以看,到在TD－SCDMA系统中使用智能天线技术可以获得很的系统性能并能够满足第三代移动通信系统的各种需求。     

基于多天线的微蜂窝微波移动通信信道建模研究

城市微蜂窝移动通信电波传播环境相当复杂,因此建立这种无线传播信道的有效模型无论对理论分析、系统优化设计以及网络工程规划来说都是非常重要的.特别是针对未来陆地蜂窝移动通信系统基于智能天线应用的规范标准要求尤其如此.为此从多径色散信道的特性分析出发,采用电磁散射理论建立了基于多天线的微蜂窝多输入多输出物理信道模型,对刻画信道特性的一些重要性能参数,如空间相关性、容量和时间演化等进行了研究和仿真分析.与有关文献结果的比较表明了所建立的微蜂窝移动通信信道模型的有效性.     

GPS中智能天线的设计与实现

目前对智能天线的研究主要侧重于智能天线的自适应波束形成算法和智能天线的应用两个方面,并已提出了不少高效的智能天线算法,智能天线的理论已经很成熟。对智能天线应用研究最多的是它在第三代移动通信中的应用。文中提出智能天线在GPS(全球定位系统)中的一种应用方案,它基于功率倒置算法,用DSP实现。     

Why have smart antennas not yet gained traction with wireless network operators?

Many research and development activities have been poured into developing smart antennas for wireless communications systems. Yet despite the promise of increased network capacity and enhanced spectrum utilization, smart antenna systems have largely failed to break into the mainstream cellular networks, as operators have balked at adopting these technologies. This article examines some of the reasons why smart antennas have historically been met with resistance, and suggests that provided some identified obstacles are overcome, the proliferation of certain types of smart antennas is imminent.