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1.
Genotypic response of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) to in vitro regeneration from cotyledon explants
M. S. Brar J. M. Al-Khayri T. E. Morelock E. J. Anderson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(1):8-12
Summary A plant regeneration system applicable to 17 cowpea genotypes was developed. Cotyledons were initiated on 1/3 MS medium containing
15 to 35 mg N6-benzyladenine (BA) per 1 (66.6 to 155.3 μM) for 5 to 15 d. For shoot regeneration, the explants were transferred to a medium containing 1 mg BA per 1 (4.4 μM). Within 1 wk, shoot formation was visible at the proximal end of the cotyledons. Regeneration percentages (1% to 11%) and
the numbers of shoots (4 to 12 per explant) were significantly influenced by genotype. Culture duration and BA concentration
in the initiation stage significantly affected regeneration capacity. Explants initiated on media containing 15 mg BA per
1 for 5 d resulted in the highest percentage of explants capable of regeneration. Conversely, the highest number of shoots
was obtained from explants initiated on media supplemented with 35 mg BA per 1. Whole plants were obtained on a plant growth
regulator-free medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant regeneration from U.S. commercial cowpea cultivars
and breeding lines. This system is adaptable to diverse cowpea genotypes and will facilitate cowpea genetic transformation.
Published with the approval of the Director of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
2.
Helena Mathews 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,11(3):233-240
The morphogenetic responses of seedling explants of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek cv ML-5) were studied in vitro. Direct induction of shoots/plants was possible from shoot tip, cotyledon and cotyledonary node explants. Dedifferentiation of the explants viz; Shoot tip, cotyledons, cotyledonary node, primordial leaves and roots was obtained on basal medium supplemented with auxin and cytokinin. Shoot regeneration was limited to primary calli while rhizogenesis was of common occurrence in established calli. In addition to differences in hormonal requirements, the various explants showed preferential growth in different basal media. 相似文献
3.
Plant regeneration from callus cultures derived from mature zygotic embryos in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Plant regeneration via adventitious shoot organogenesis from callus cultures initiated from mature embryos in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was achieved in this study. Callus cultures were induced from mature embryos cultured on PS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, -naphthaleneacetic acid, or indole-3-acetic acid. Adventitious shoot regeneration from callus cultures was induced on medium containing 2 M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 3–12 M N6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazuron (TDZ), or 6-(,-dimethylallylamino) purine. Sucrose was the most suitable sugar for adventitious shoot organogenesis in white pine. Shoot organogenesis was improved by treatment at 4°C for 6 weeks. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation increased when 0.1 mM putrescine was added to basal medium supplemented with 6 M TDZ and 2 M IBA. Putrescine improved adventitious shoot organogenesis by decreasing lipid peroxidation. These findings provide useful information on adventitious shoot organogenesis and may be valuable to genetic transformation in white pine. 相似文献
4.
Mature de-embryonated cotyledons with intact proximal end of Vigna unguiculata were cultured on B5 basal medium containing varying concentrations of BAP. Thirty-six percent of the explants produced shoots on B5 medium supplemented with 8× 10–6 M BAP. Cotyledon explants were pre-incubated for 24 h, inoculated with A. tumefaciens pUCD2614 carrying pUCD2340, co-cultivated for 48 h and transferred to hygromycin-B (25 mg/l) containing shoot induction medium. Approximately 15–19% of the explants produced shoots on the selection medium. The elongated shoots were subsequently rooted on B5 basal medium containing hygromycin. The transgenic plants were later established in pots. The presence of hpt gene in the transgenic plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization.Abbreviations BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
-
hpt
hygromycin phosphotransferase
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
5.
Fernandes CF Moraes VC Vasconcelos IM Silveira JA Oliveira JT 《Journal of plant physiology》2006,163(10):167-1048
Two isoperoxidases were detected in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves. Treatment of the primary leaves with 10mM salicylic acid increased the total peroxidase activity contributed by the anionic isoform. To isolate both the anionic and cationic peroxidases the leaf crude extract was loaded on a Superose 12 HR 10/30 column followed by chromatography on Mono-Q HR 5/5. Both enzymes were stable in a pH range from 5 to 7. The optimum-temperatures for the cationic and anionic peroxidase isoforms were, respectively, 20-30 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The dependence of guaiacol oxidation rate varying its concentration at constant H(2)O(2) concentration showed, for both enzymes, Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic. Apparent K(m)(s) were 0.8 and 4.8 microM for the cationic and anionic isoperoxidases, respectively. 相似文献
6.
Nedyalka Zagorska Boyan Dimitrov Polina Gadeva Penka Robeva 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(2):107-110
Summary The androgenic ability of four Medicago sativa L. genotype (Boynitza 5, Byala, 494, and 3815) was tested. Callus and organogenesis were induced in all lines studied. The
percentage of anthers producing calluses and organogenesis showed wide variation (calluses—from 11% up to 77%; organogenesis—4.8%
to 15.2%). It has been established that genotype, nutrient medium composition, and stage of pollen development considerably
affected both callus production and organogenesis. Androgenesis in M. sativa could be achieved via callus and direct embryogenesis. About 500 morphologically different regenerants were obtained. Wide
variability in chromosome number of regenerated plants was observed by cytological studies. Haploid, dihaploid, as well as
mixoploid plants were obtained. 相似文献
7.
G. A. Ombakho A. P. Tyagi R. S. Pathak 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,74(6):817-819
Summary Inheritance of resistance to cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, in three resistant cultivars of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, was studied. The parents, F1 and F2 population were grown in an insect-proof screenhouse. Each 3-day-old seedling was infested with 10 apterous adult aphids. Seedling reaction was recorded when the susceptible check was killed. The segregation data revealed that the resistance of ICV11 and TVU310 is governed by single dominant genes. All the F2 seedlings of the cross ICV10xTVU310 were resistant, indicating that they have the same gene for resistance. However, the F2 populations from the crosses ICV10xICV11 and ICV11xTVU310 segregated in a ratio of 151, indicating that the dominant genes in ICV11 and TVU310 are non-allelic and independent of each other. The resistance gene of ICV10 and TVU310 is designated as Ac1 and that of ICV11 as Ac2. 相似文献
8.
Jing Qin Mao Mohsin Abbas Zaidi John Thor Arnason Illimar Altosaar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,87(2):121-125
An in vitro regeneration system was developed in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Blackeye. Among several explants studied, shoot initiation response was observed from shoot apices of 3–5-day-old seedlings. The optimal medium for maximum shoot initiation comprised MS salts, B5 vitamins, 8.88 μM N
6-benzylaminopurine, 1 gl-1 casein hydrolysate, 342 μM L-glutamine, 3% sucrose, 0.3% phytagel, adjusted to pH 5.8. A shift in pH from 5.8 to 7.0 had no effect on shoot initiation and on number of shoots per explant. The highest shoot initiation frequency (77%) was obtained using this preferred medium, reaching a maximum of eight shoots per explant. For shoot elongation, 14 μM gibberellic acid was supplemented in the shoot initiation medium. Presence of indolebutyric acid in the rooting medium had no effect on root induction. The regenerated plants were fertile and developed normally. 相似文献
9.
High percentages of micro-calli and micro-derived embryos were produced from isolated asparagus microspores at late uninucleate stage on MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l–1 BA. Two types of calli, namely compact callus (CC) and loose callus (LC), were found. Plantlets were regenerated via organogenesis, when these calli were transferred onto MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l–1 BA and 0.2 mg l–1 IBA 6 weeks. Embryos were produced from liquid cultured microspores, or from solid cultured micro-calli. The frequencies of haploid plant production from organogenesis and embryogenesis were compared. Effects of plant growth regulators on callus production, plantlet regeneration, and haploid plant production were tested. The combination of BA 1.0 mg l–1 and IBA 0.2 mg l–1 resulted the highest precentage of haploid plant production (7.7% from CC, 4.3% from LC).Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IBA
3-indolybutyric acid
- BA
6-binzyladinine
- NAA
naphtalene acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献
10.
S. Kyamanywa C. W. Baliddawa K. J. O. Ampofo 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1993,69(1):61-68
The effect of non-host maize plants on colonisation of cowpea byMegalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) was investigated.
There were no differences in population density and activity ofM. sjostedti on sole cowpea crop and mixed cowpea/maize crop during the colonisation phase (i.e. 10–30 days after emergence of the plants.
However, subsequentlyM. sjostedti numbers were lower in the mixed than in the sole crop, suggesting that maize did not interfere with colonisation of cowpea
crop by thrips. In a choice situation, higher numbers ofM. sjostedti oriented towards, and settled on, sole cowpea plants than on those mixed with maize. Olfactory tests indicated that fewer
thrips oriented towards a cowpea/maize mixed odour source. When equal numbers of thrips were introduced into the centre of
sole- and mixed-cropped cowpea plots, the thrips became randomly distributed in each plot. Fewer thrips were recovered from
the mixture than from the sole crop.
It is concluded that, although non-host plant odours do not reduce thrips colonisation they interfere with host plant utilisation. 相似文献
11.
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoots from immature leaves of cassava 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Direct somatic embryogenesis was successfully achieved from immature leaves of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultured on induction medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or naphthaleneacetic acid. Changing the duration of induction or changing plant growth regulators resulted in differences in regeneration of somatic embryos or adventitious shoots. The results showed that auxin was a key factor for inducing embryogenic cells. The embryogenic cells were mainly induced within 4–12 days. Only if the embryogenic cells were induced, the auxin enhanced formation of somatic embryo whereas 6-benzylaminopurine stimulated development of adventitious shoots. Histological examinations supported the conclusion. 相似文献
12.
Roots and leaves display contrasting oxidative response during salt stress and recovery in cowpea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cavalcanti FR Lima JP Ferreira-Silva SL Viégas RA Silveira JA 《Journal of plant physiology》2007,164(5):591-600
In this study, we compare some antioxidative responses of leaves and roots associated to growth reduction in cowpea plants (Vigna unguiculata) during short-term salt stress and recovery. The salt treatment was imposed (200 mM NaCl) for six consecutive days and the salt withdrawal after 3 d. The salt treatment caused an almost complete cessation in the relative growth rate of both leaves and roots. Although NaCl withdrawal has induced an intense reduction in the Na(+) content from the leaves and roots, the growth recovery was slight, after 3 d. The leaf lipid peroxidation was increased in salt-stressed plants and slightly reduced in recovered plants after 3 d. Surprisingly, in the salt-stressed roots it decreased markedly after 3 d treatment and in the pre-stressed/recovered roots it was restored to levels near to the control. In leaves, catalase (CAT) activity showed a rapid and prominent decrease after 1 d of NaCl treatment and salt withdrawal had no effect on its recovery. In contrast, the root CAT activity was not changed by effects of both NaCl and salt withdrawal, over time interval. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not change in all treatments, whereas in roots it significantly decreased after 3 d of salt treatment and recovered after NaCl withdrawal. Contrasting to the other enzymes, the guaiacol-peroxidase activity increased in leaves and roots, reaching almost 200% of control values and it significantly decreased in both organs from the pre-stressed/recovered plants. In conclusion, cowpea roots and leaves present distinct mechanisms of response to lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities during salt stress and recovery. However, these responses and/or the oxidative damages caused by reactive oxygen species were not related with the growth reduction. 相似文献
13.
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is well adapted to acid upland soil and can be grown for seed, green manure, and fodder production. A 2-yr field
experiment was conducted on an Aeric Tropaqualf in the Philippines to determine the effect of cowpea management practice on
the response of a subsequent upland rice crop to applied urea. Cowpea was grown to flowering and incorporated as a green manure
or grown to maturity with either grain and pods removed or all aboveground vegetation removed before sowing rice. Cowpea green
manure accumulated on average 68 kg N ha−1, and aboveground residue after harvest of dry pods contained on average 46 kg N ha−1. Compared with a pre-rice fallow, cowpea green manure and residue increased grain yield of upland rice by 0.7 Mg ha−1 when no urea was applied to rice. Green manure and residue substituted for 66 and 70 kg urea-N ha−1 on upland rice, respectively. In the absence of urea, green manure and residue increased total aboveground N in mature rice
by 12 and 14 kg N ha−1, respectively. These increases corresponded to plant recoveries of 13% for applied green manure N and 24% for applied residue
N. At 15 d after sowing rice (DAS), 33% of the added green manure N and 16% of the added residue N was recovered as soil (nitrate
+ ammonium)-N. At 30 DAS, the corresponding recoveries were 20 and 37% for green manure N and residue N, respectively. Cowpea
cropping with removal of all aboveground cowpea vegetation slightly increased (p<0.05) soil (nitrate + ammonium)-N at 15 DAS as compared with the pre-rice fallow, but it did not increase rice yield. Cowpea
residue remaining after harvest of dry pods can be an effective N source for a subsequent upland rice crop. 相似文献
14.
Torres-Franklin ML Contour-Ansel D Zuily-Fodil Y Pham-Thi AT 《Journal of plant physiology》2008,165(5):514-521
Two cDNAs of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) encoding a dual-targeted isoform (dtGR) and a cytosolic isoform (cGR), were cloned from leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Moderate drought stress (Psi w=-1.5MPa) followed by re-watering was applied to common bean cultivars, one tolerant to drought (IPA), the other susceptible (Carioca) and to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivars, one tolerant to drought (EPACE-1), and the other susceptible (1183). mRNA levels were much higher for PvcGR than for PvdtGR in all cases. Moderate drought stress induced an up-regulation of the expression of PvcGR in the susceptible cultivars. On the contrary, PvdtGR expression decreased. In the tolerant cowpea EPACE-1, GR gene expression remained stable under drought. During recovery from drought, an up-regulation of the two GR isoforms occurred, with a peak at 6-10h after re-hydration. This suggests that moderate drought stress may lead to a hardening process and acclimation tolerance. The role of GR isoforms in plant tolerance and capacity to recover from drought stress is discussed. 相似文献
15.
In vitro regeneration of evergreen azalea from leaves 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. Mertens S. Werbrouck G. Samyn H. Botelho dos Santos Moreira da Silva P. Debergh 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(3):231-236
Rhododendron simsii Hellmut Vogel was regenerated using different types of explants, auxins and cytokinins. After a callus induction phase, with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or -naphthaleneacetic acid, adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained on a medium supplemented with thidiazuron or zeatin. With thidiazuron shoots were small and a subsequent elongation step was required before rooting. An elongation step was not required when zeatin was used. The duration of the callus induction phase was negatively correlated with the regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2iP
6-(--dimethylallylamino)purine
- NOA
ß-naphthoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- IBA
1-H-indole-3-butyric acid
- IAA
1-H-indole-3-acetic acid
- TDZ
thidiazuron
- WPM
woody plant medium 相似文献
16.
Cowpea genotypes (101) of diverse origin were evaluated for their endomycorrhizal colonization under natural field conditions in an alfisol soil. There was considerable variation in colonization ranging from 0 to 28.6%. The genetic coefficient of variability was high (55.9), heritability moderate (46.2) with high genetic advance (78.3) revealing that mycorrhizal colonization is not only host dependent but heritable. 相似文献
17.
In vitro somatic embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]
We report, an efficient protocol for plantlet regeneration from the cell suspension cultures of cowpea through somatic embryogenesis. Primary leaf-derived, embryogenic calli initiated in MMS [MS salts (Murashige and Skoog 1962) with B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) vitamins] medium containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), casein hydrolysate (CH), and l-Glutamic acid-5-amide (Gln). Fast-growing embryogenic cell suspensions were established in 0.5 mg l–1 2,4-D, which resulted in the highest recovery of early stages of somatic embryos in liquid MMS medium. Embryo development was asynchronous and strongly influenced by the 2,4-D concentration. Mature monocotyledonary-stage somatic embryos were induced in liquid B5 medium containing 0.1 mg l–1 2,4-D, 20 mg l–1 l-Proline (Pro), 5 M Abscisic acid (ABA), and 2% mannitol. B5 medium was found superior for the maturation of somatic embryos compared to MS and MMS media. The importance of duration (5 d) for effective maturation of somatic embryos is demonstrated. A reduction in the 2,4-D level in suspensions increased the somatic embryo induction and maturation with decreased abnormalities. Sucrose was found to be the best carbon source for callus induction while mannitol for embryo maturation and maltose for embryo germination. Extension of hypocotyls and complete development of plantlet was achieved in half-strength B5 medium supplemented with 3% maltose, 2500 mg l–1 potassium nitrate, and 0.05 mg l–1 thidiazuron (TDZ) with 32% regeneration frequency. Field-established plants were morphologically normal and fertile. This regeneration protocol assures a high frequency of embryo induction, maturation, and plantlet conversion. 相似文献
18.
An efficient and simple method for high frequency plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of mungbean is described. Immature
cotyledons isolated from embryos, one week prior to harvest were cultured on MS medium with combinations of growth regulators
such as benzyladenine (1 or 2 mg l−1), thidiazuron (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1), gibberellic acid (0.1 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1). A large number of greenish shoot primordia were initiated from the entire surface of the cotyledons in some of the growth
regulators. Medium supplemented with benzyladenine (2 mg l−1) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (0.5 mg l−1) produced the best response. On subculture to the same medium, well developed shoots were obtained. Addition of 0.5% activated
charcoal to the shoot initiation medium completely inhibited initiation of shoot primordia. The shoot buds could be rooted
on medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 indole butyric acid and plants transferred to soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Manickam V.S. Elango Mathavan R. Antonisamy R. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):181-185
The development of stem callus mediated plant regeneration system for Withania somnifera is described. Maximum callus proliferation was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D. Three-week-old,
white, friable callus was used for shoot regeneration. The maximum shoot regeneration (6.2 ± 0.34 shoots/explant) was achieved
in four weeks when callus was cultured on MS medium fortified with 4.44 μM BA and 0.57 μM IAA. Regenerated shoots were excised
and multiplied (8.4 ± 0.43 shoots/explant) on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM of BA. Multiple shoots were divided into
single shoots and were rooted (5.1 ± 0.49 rootlets/shoot) on half strength MS medium supplemented with 9.84 μM of IBA. After
a hardening phase of 3 weeks the plantlets were transferred to the field.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Phloem sap was collected from white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and analysed for gibberellins (GAs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A large number of GAs were found in the phloem exudate of all three species, particularly where the sap was collected from pods (white lupin and cowpea) and in these legumes GAs representing both the early C-13-hydroxylation and non-hydroxylation pathways of biosynthesis were identified. In the sap collected from the vegetative tissues of castor bean the number of GAs identified was fewer than that in the other species, representing mainly the non-hydroxylation pathway. Data from sap collected from the pedicel and stylar ends of pods and by making feeds of radiolabelled GAs to seeds in situ in white lupin indicate that the GAs present in the phloem are derived mainly from the vegetative tissues of the plant. No evidence for metabolism of GAs in the phloem could be found. 相似文献